Month: September 2022

Organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. 823-78-9, formula is C7H6Br2, The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane. Related Products of 823-78-9

Beteck, Richard M.;Jordaan, Audrey;Swart, Tarryn;Van Der Kooy, Frank;Warner, Digby F.;Hoppe, Heinrich C.;Legoabe, Lesetja J. research published 《 6-Nitro-1-benzylquinolones exhibiting specific antitubercular activity》, the research content is summarized as follows. In this study, we synthesized novel nitro quinolone-based compounds and tested them in vitro against a panel of Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activities and also against HeLa cells for overt cytotoxicity. Compound I was identified as a non-toxic, potent hit with selective activity (MIC₉₀ < 0.24μM) against MTB. I, however, showed no activity against DprE1 mutant, suggesting DprE1 as the likely target for this compound class.

823-78-9, 3-Bromobenzyl bromide undergoes reduction with diethylzinc in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 to yield corresponding hydrocarbon.

3-Bromobenzyl bromide is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H6Br2 and its molecular weight is 249.93 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

3-Bromobenzyl bromide is a molecule that has been synthesized and shown to have anticancer activity. It inhibits the activity of cancer cells by binding to amines in these cells and preventing the formation of hydrogen bonds between these molecules. 3-Bromobenzyl bromide has also been shown to selectively inhibit the activity of NS5B polymerase, an enzyme that is important in the replication of the hepatitis C virus. The synthetic nature of this molecule makes it an attractive target for analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This molecule also shows significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in vitro, as well as inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in lps-stimulated murine macrophages., Related Products of 823-78-9

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organic bromides such as alkyl bromides are used as fumigants in agriculture to control insects. 1575-37-7, formula is C6H7BrN2, Name is 4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine. Ethylene bromide is one of the commercially important organic bromides which are the component of leaded gasoline. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks.

Bera, Shyamal Kanti;Boruah, Palash J.;Parida, Shraddha Saraswati;Paul, Amit K.;Mal, Prasenjit research published 《 A Photochemical Intramolecular C-N Coupling Toward the Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Fused Phenanthridines》, the research content is summarized as follows. Herein, we report a direct photochem. dehydrogenative C-N coupling of unactivated C(sp²)-H and N(sp²)-H bonds. The catalysts or additive-free transformation of 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole to benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine was achieved at ~350 nm of irradiation via ε-hydrogen abstraction. DFT calculations helped to understand that the N-H···π interaction was essential for the reaction to proceed at a lower energy than expected.

Category: bromides-buliding-blocks, 4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene can be obtained from 1,2-diaminobenzene via acetylation followed by bromination and alkaline hydrolysis.
4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine, also known as 4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C6H7BrN2 and its molecular weight is 187.04 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene is a dye that is used in diagnostic
procedures to detect the presence of amide groups. 4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene can be used as an inhibitor for cationic polymerization reactions. It also has tuberculostatic activity and inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This compound reacts with aniline to form a benzimidazole derivative that contains a reactive amine group. The reaction between this amine group and different electrophiles generates benzimidazole compounds with different properties that are useful in nucleophilic attack reactions. The reaction between 4-bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene and methyl ethyl sulfide produces a luminescent probe that can be used to detect hydrogen bonds., 1575-37-7.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organic bromides such as alkyl bromides are used as fumigants in agriculture to control insects. 20469-65-2, formula is C8H9BrO2, Name is 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene. Ethylene bromide is one of the commercially important organic bromides which are the component of leaded gasoline. Application In Synthesis of 20469-65-2.

Belitz, Florian;Seitz, Ann-Katrin;Goebel, Jonas F.;Hu, Zhiyong;Goossen, Lukas J. research published 《 Ru-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Acrylic Acids with Aryl Bromides》, the research content is summarized as follows. In the presence of a [Ru(p-cymene)Cl₂]₂/triethylphosphine/lithium carbonate catalyst system, aryl bromides underwent (Z)-selective couplings with unprotected 2-arylacrylic acids to form (Z)-1,2-diarylacrylic acids. This vinylic C-H functionalization proceeds in high yields of up to 94% and (Z/E)-ratios of up to 99:1, tolerating a wide range of functional groups. Mechanistic studies indicate that the vinylic C-H activation proceeds via base-assisted cyclometalation rather than via a Heck-type mechanism, which explains its orthogonal stereoselectivity.

20469-65-2, 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, also known as 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C8H9BrO2 and its molecular weight is 217.06 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene is used as an intermediate in the synthetic preparation of pharmaceutical inhibitors via cross-coupling reactions.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene can be synthesized by using 1,3-dimethoxybenzene via iridium-catalyzed arene borylation.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (1BDMB) is a synthetic molecule that can be used as an electron acceptor in organic photovoltaic cells. 1BDMB is a salt of the sodium salt of resorcylic acid and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethoxybenzene. It has been shown to have a radical mechanism for the generation of free radicals. The radical mechanism is initiated by light absorption by the ruthenium complex at the center of the molecule which induces photoinduced electron transfer from the ruthenium to 1BDMB. This process results in electron transfer from the donor to an acceptor molecule, such as oxygen or nitrogen. The pharmacokinetic properties of this compound are not well known; however, it has been demonstrated that it can be synthesized through a cross-coupling reaction with other aromatic compounds such as stemofuran., Application In Synthesis of 20469-65-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine. 823-78-9, formula is C7H6Br2, Name is 1-Bromo-3-(bromomethyl)benzene, Quality Control of 823-78-9

Beletskaya, Irina P.;Titanyuk, Igor D. research published 《 Synthesis of α-Aryldiazophosphonates via a Diazo Transfer Reaction》, the research content is summarized as follows. The simple synthetic procedure for preparation of α-aryl-α-diazophosphonates via a diazo transfer reaction is proposed. Benzylphosphonates reacted with tosyl azide (TsN₃) in the presence of K tert-butoxide (KO^tBu) to afford diazophosphonates in a yield up to 79%. The proposed method is general. The reaction uses easily available starting materials, tolerates various functional groups, and may be applied for multi-gram scale synthesis.

Quality Control of 823-78-9, 3-Bromobenzyl bromide undergoes reduction with diethylzinc in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 to yield corresponding hydrocarbon.

3-Bromobenzyl bromide is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H6Br2 and its molecular weight is 249.93 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

3-Bromobenzyl bromide is a molecule that has been synthesized and shown to have anticancer activity. It inhibits the activity of cancer cells by binding to amines in these cells and preventing the formation of hydrogen bonds between these molecules. 3-Bromobenzyl bromide has also been shown to selectively inhibit the activity of NS5B polymerase, an enzyme that is important in the replication of the hepatitis C virus. The synthetic nature of this molecule makes it an attractive target for analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This molecule also shows significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in vitro, as well as inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in lps-stimulated murine macrophages., 823-78-9.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organic bromides such as alkyl bromides are used as fumigants in agriculture to control insects. 2576-47-8, formula is C2H7Br2N, Name is 2-Bromoethylamine hydrobromide. Ethylene bromide is one of the commercially important organic bromides which are the component of leaded gasoline. Application of C2H7Br2N.

Bei, Pengzhi;Liu, Hongjing;Zhang, Ying;Gao, Yingjia;Cai, Zhiqiang;Chen, Yanming research published 《 Preparation and characterization of polyimide membranes modified by a task-specific ionic liquid based on Schiff base for CO₂/N₂ separation》, the research content is summarized as follows. In order to increase CO₂/N₂ selectivity of polyimide (PI) dense membranes, task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL), 1-aminoethyl-3-buthylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([NH₂ebim][PF₆]), has been grafted to polymer chains as large side groups by forming the structure of Schiff base for the first time. The modified membranes were characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental anal., thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic thermomech. anal. (DMA), and stress-strain testing. The results showed that TSIL had been successfully linked to PI chains by forming “C=N”. The modified membranes had more free volume, which was favorable to the improvement of CO₂ permeability. The reduction of spin degree of freedom means the rigidity increment of polymer chains, which indicated that the selectivity of CO₂/N₂ can be enhanced. As a result, CO₂ permeability of the modified membrane (TSIL-0.8 wt%) was increased from 5.28 to 10.2 Barrer, and CO₂/N₂ selectivity was increased from 21.9 to 92.8 at 30°C and 0.1 MPa. Meanwhile, the effects of different feed pressures (0.1-0.6 MPa) and different operating temperatures (30-60°C) on CO₂/N₂ transport properties were also investigated, and it was found that the separation performances of the modified membranes had already exceeded Robeson’s upper bound.

Application of C2H7Br2N, 2-Bromoethylamine hydrobromide is a useful building block for proteomics research.
2-Bromoethylamine hydrobromide is used in the synthesis of analogs of 5,​10,​15,​20-​tetrakis(1-​methylpyridinium-​4-​yl)​porphyrin (TMPyP4) as inhibitors of human telomerase. It is also used to prepare SB-705498, a potent, selective and orally bioavailable TRPV1 antagonist. It is used to construct C2-symmetric imidazolidinylidene ligands with a dioxolane backbone.
2-Bromoethylamine Hydrobromide is used in the synthesis of analogs of 5,​10,​15,​20-​tetrakis(1-​methylpyridinium-​4-​yl)​porphyrin (TMPyP4) as inhibitors of human telomerase. It is also used to prepare SB-705498, a potent, selective and orally bioavailable TRPV1 antagonist.
2-Bromoethylamine hydrobromide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat inflammation and pain. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in vivo to its active form, 2-Bromoethylamine hydrobromide. The bound form of this drug has been shown to inhibit the development of cell nuclei in the nucleus of cells. This drug also inhibits the production of nitric oxide, which leads to cell death by necrosis. 2-Bromoethylamine hydrobromide has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the activity of glycol ethers, which are used as solvents for resins in coatings and adhesives., 2576-47-8.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine. 5445-17-0, formula is C4H7BrO2, Name is Methyl 2-bromopropanoate, Related Products of 5445-17-0

Beara, Ivana;Majkic, Tatjana;Fioravanti, Stefania;Trulli, Laura;Mimica-Dukic, Neda;Pellacani, Lucio;Saso, Luciano research published 《 The Effects of Trifluoromethylated Derivatives on Prostaglandin E2 and Thromboxane A2 Production in Human Leukemic U937 Macrophages》, the research content is summarized as follows. Ever since the enrollment of COX-2, particularly overabundance of its main products prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in numerous pathol. processes was recognized, it became a significant therapeutic target. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of synthesized organo-fluorine compounds on PGE2 and TXA2 production in the inflammation process. Methods: Trifluoromethyl compounds were synthesized from N-benzyl trifluoromethyl aldimine, com. available 2-Me or 2-Ph a-bromo esters (β-lactams trans-1 and trans-2 and trifluoromethyl β-amino ester, resp.) and Me 2-isocyanoacetate (2-imidazoline trans-4). The reactions proceeded with high geometric selectivity, furnishing the desired products in good yields. The influence of newly synthesized compounds on PGE2 and TXA2 production in human leukemic U937 macrophages on both enzyme activity and gene expression levels was observed Results: Among the tested trifluoromethyl compounds, Me trans-1-benzyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)- 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (trans-4) can be distinguished as the most powerful antiinflammatory agent, probably due to its trifluoromethyl-imidazoline moiety. Conclusion: Some further structural modifications in tested compounds and particularly in the synthesis of different trifluoromethyl imidazolines could contribute to the development of new COX-2 inhibitors and potent anti-inflammatory agents.

Related Products of 5445-17-0, Methyl 2-bromopropionate, also known as Methyl 2-bromopropionate, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H7BrO2 and its molecular weight is 167 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Methyl 2-bromopropionate is used in the synthesis of poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase inhibitors derived from benzoxazin-3-one. Also used in the synthesis of 5-HT2C antagonists affecting serotonin levels.
Methyl 2-bromopropanoate is a chemical compound that can be synthesized in an asymmetric manner. The reaction of methyl 2-bromopropanoate with hydrochloric acid gives the corresponding carboxylic acid, methyl propanoate, and hydrogen bromide in a 1:1 ratio. It has been shown that methyl 2-bromopropanoate is a potential catalyst for the reduction of chloride to chloride ion via the borohydride reduction method. Methyl 2-bromopropanoate has also been used as a model system for studying halides and copper complexes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have revealed that this chemical compound has a high redox potential and kinetic properties., 5445-17-0.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organic bromides such as alkyl bromides are used as fumigants in agriculture to control insects. 5392-10-9, formula is C9H9BrO3, Name is 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. Ethylene bromide is one of the commercially important organic bromides which are the component of leaded gasoline. SDS of cas: 5392-10-9.

Bayrak, Cetin;Yildizhan, Gulsah;Kilinc, Namik;Durdagi, Serdar;Menzek, Abdullah research published 《 Synthesis and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Effects of Novel N-Benzyl-4-Methoxyaniline Derivatives》, the research content is summarized as follows. In the current study, starting from 4-methoxyaniline, four Schiff bases were synthesized from benzaldehydes with Br and OMe. Corresponding N-benzylanilines and their derivatives were obtained from reductions (by NaBH4) and substitutions (by acyl and tosyl chlorides) of these bases, resp. The inhibitory effects of the sixteen compounds, twelve of which were novel compounds are examined Then, we conducted mol. docking and binary QSAR studies to determine inhibitory-enzyme interactions of compounds that show an inhibitory effect. Our results reveal that methoxyanilline-derived compounds show good biol. activities. The most active compound (22) has IC50 values of 2.83μM. These novel AR enzyme inhibitors may open new avenues for better AR inhibitors in the future.

5392-10-9, 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C9H9BrO3 and its molecular weight is 245.07 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a synthetic compound that has been shown to be an effective agent for inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. It is an efficient method for synthesizing the compound and ha2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde induces cell death by topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage, which results in chromosomal fragmentation and high levels of reactive oxygen species in the cell., SDS of cas: 5392-10-9

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. 70-23-5, formula is C5H7BrO3, Name is Ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact., Safety of Ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate.

Bayaraa, Tenuun;Kurz, Julia L.;Patel, Khushboo M.;Hussein, Waleed M.;Bilyj, Jessica K.;West, Nicholas P.;Schenk, Gerhard;McGeary, Ross P.;Guddat, Luke W. research published 《 Discovery, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase Inhibitor》, the research content is summarized as follows. Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI), the second enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway, is a potential drug target for bacterial infections including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we have screened the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box against purified M. tuberculosis (Mt) KARI and identified two compounds that have K_i values below 200 nM. In Mt cell susceptibility assays one of these compounds exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 0.8μm. Co-crystallization of this compound, 3-((methylsulfonyl)methyl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-2-one (MMV553002), in complex with Staphylococcus aureus KARI, which has 56% identity with Mt KARI, NADPH and Mg²⁺ yielded a structure to 1.72 Å resolution However, only a hydrolyzed product of the inhibitor (i.e. 3-(methylsulfonyl)-2-oxopropanic acid, missing the 2-aminophenol attachment) is observed in the active site. Surprisingly, Mt cell susceptibility assays showed that the 2-aminophenol product is largely responsible for the anti-TB activity of the parent compound Thus, 3-(methylsulfonyl)-2-oxopropanic acid was identified as a potent KARI inhibitor that could be further explored as a potential biocidal agent and we have shown 2-aminophenol, as an anti-TB drug lead, especially given it has low toxicity against human cells. The study highlights that careful anal. of broad screening assays is required to correctly interpret cell-based activity data.

Safety of Ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate, Ethyl bromopyruvate molecular formula is C5H7BrO3 and its molecular weight is 195.01 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

Ethyl bromopyruvate is used in a synthesis of thioxothiazolidines from carbon disulfide and primary amines.

Ethyl bromopyruvate is a chemical inhibitor that inhibits the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, which is responsible for the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA. This inhibition leads to a decrease in ATP levels and can cause metabolic disorders. Ethyl bromopyruvate is used as an anthelmintic drug and in asymmetric synthesis. It is also used in the synthesis of thiostrepton, an antibiotic that has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae., 70-23-5.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. 585-76-2, formula is C7H5BrO2, The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane. Related Products of 585-76-2

Bavo, Francesco;de-Jong, Heleen;Petersen, Jonas;Falk-Petersen, Christina Birkedahl;Loffler, Rebekka;Sparrow, Emma;Rostrup, Frederik;Eliasen, Jannik Nicklas;Wilhelmsen, Kristine S.;Barslund, Kasper;Bundgaard, Christoffer;Nielsen, Birgitte;Kristiansen, Uffe;Wellendorph, Petrine;Bogdanov, Yury;Froelund, Bente research published 《 Structure-Activity Studies of 3,9-Diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-Based γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Antagonists with Immunomodulatory Effect》, the research content is summarized as follows. The 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-based compounds 2027 and 018 have previously been reported to be potent competitive γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA_AR) antagonists showing low cellular membrane permeability. Given the emerging peripheral application of GABA_AR ligands, we hypothesize 2027 analogs as promising lead structures for peripheral GABA_AR inhibition. We herein report a study on the structural determinants of 2027 in order to suggest a potential binding mode as a basis for rational design. The study identified the importance of the spirocyclic benzamide, compensating for the conventional acidic moiety, for GABA_AR ligands. The structurally simplified m-methylphenyl analog 1e displayed binding affinity in the high-nanomolar range (K_i = 180 nM) and was superior to 2027 and 018 regarding selectivity for the extra synaptic α₄βδ subtype vs. the α₁– and α₂– containing subtypes. Importantly, 1e was shown to efficiently rescue inhibition of T cell proliferation, providing a platform to explore the immunomodulatory potential for this class of compounds

Related Products of 585-76-2, 3-bromobenzoic acid is a bromobenzoic acid carrying a single bromo subsituent at the 3-position.
3-Bromobenzoic acid, also known as 3-Bromobenzoic acid, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H5BrO2 and its molecular weight is 201.02 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
3-bromobenzoic acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives with insecticidal activity. Also used as a reagent in the synthesis of thiazole derivatives with antibacterial activity.
3-bromobenzoic acid is a molecule that is classified as a Group P2. It has an electronegativity of 1.3 and an acidity of 0.8, which are both in the middle range of values for this group. 3-Bromobenzoic acid is soluble in water and is soluble in ethanol, acetone, and ether. The chemical structure of 3-bromobenzoic acid can be determined by its monoclonal antibody binding sites, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, and Langmuir adsorption isotherm data. 3-Bromobenzoic acid reacts with hydrochloric acid to form benzoate and HCl gas. Chronic exposure to 3-bromobenzoic acid has been shown to cause glutamate dehydrogenase inhibition, leading to an accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the body. , 585-76-2.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Vinyl bromides undergo the Heck reaction, which involves C-C coupling with alkene to give substituted alkenes. 5445-17-0, formula is C4H7BrO2, Name is Methyl 2-bromopropanoate. Methyl bromide is a precursor in the manufacture of several chemicals and is employed as a soil sterilant, mainly for seed production. Product Details of C4H7BrO2.

Barsbay, Murat;Caylan Ozgur, Tansu;Sutekin, S. Duygu;Guven, Olgun research published 《 Effect of brush length of stabilizing grafted matrix on size and catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles》, the research content is summarized as follows. The rationale of this work is to investigate the effect of chain length of stabilizing polymer brushes attached to silica surface on the formation and catalytic activity of metallic palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) brushes forming a very thin shell were grafted on silica microparticles (PVP@SiO₂) via RAFT mediated graft polymerization, thus controlling the mol. weights and structures of PVP grafts. Pd nanoparticles were formed in PVP stabilizing matrix by gamma-induced reduction of polymer-bound Pd(II) ions to yield Pd(0) decorated core-shell particles (PVP-PdNP@SiO₂). SEC and TGA results indicated the formation of PVP brushes with different mol. weights on silica substrate. DLS and TEM measurements revealed that particle growth was sterically blocked by the increase in PVP brush length, thereby forming a greater number of small Pd nanoparticles rather than larger ones. PVP-PdNP@SiO₂ samples with different PVP chain lengths and Pd sizes were evaluated for their catalytic activity and reusability in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. Although the nanoparticles formed in the presence of longer grafted chains are smaller, their leakage into the solution has been found to be more effectively prevented by these long grafts. Thus, PVP-PdNP@SiO₂ samples with longer PVP grafts showed more stable catalytic activity in repeated reaction cycles. These findings are particularly important for heterogeneous catalysis systems in that they show the effect of the size of surface-bound polymeric stabilizers on metal NP formation and catalytic activity.

5445-17-0, Methyl 2-bromopropionate, also known as Methyl 2-bromopropionate, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H7BrO2 and its molecular weight is 167 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Methyl 2-bromopropionate is used in the synthesis of poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase inhibitors derived from benzoxazin-3-one. Also used in the synthesis of 5-HT2C antagonists affecting serotonin levels.
Methyl 2-bromopropanoate is a chemical compound that can be synthesized in an asymmetric manner. The reaction of methyl 2-bromopropanoate with hydrochloric acid gives the corresponding carboxylic acid, methyl propanoate, and hydrogen bromide in a 1:1 ratio. It has been shown that methyl 2-bromopropanoate is a potential catalyst for the reduction of chloride to chloride ion via the borohydride reduction method. Methyl 2-bromopropanoate has also been used as a model system for studying halides and copper complexes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have revealed that this chemical compound has a high redox potential and kinetic properties., Product Details of C4H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary