Month: October 2022

《Nonlinear optical pigments. Two-photon absorption in crosslinked conjugated polymers and prospects for remote nonlinear optical thermometry》 was published in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2020. These research results belong to Zareba, Jan K.; Nyk, Marcin; Samoc, Marek. Application of 4316-58-9 The article mentions the following:

Nonlinear optical (NLO) pigments are compounds insoluble in solvents that exhibit phenomena related to nonlinear optical susceptibilities (χ(n) where n = 2,3), e.g., two-photon absorption (2PA) which is related to the imaginary part of χ(3). Determination of spectrally-resolved 2PA properties for NLO pigments of macromol. nature, such as coordination polymers or crosslinked polymers, has long been a challenging issue due to their particulate form, precluding characterizations with standard techniques such as Z-scan. In this contribution, we investigate thus far unknown spectrally-resolved 2PA properties of a new subclass of NLO pigments-crosslinked conjugated polymers. The studied compounds are built up from electron-donating (triphenylamine) and electron-withdrawing (2,2′-bipyridine) structural fragments joined by vinylene (Pol1) or vinyl(4-ethynylphenyl) (Pol2) aromatic bridges. 2PA properties of these polymers have been characterized in broad spectral range by specially modified two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) techniques: solid state TPEF (SSTPEF) and internal standard TPEF (ISTPEF). The impact of self-aggregation of aromatic backbones on the 2PA properties of the polymers has been evaluated through extended comparisons of NLO parameters, i.e., 2PA cross sections (σ2) and molar-mass normalized 2PA merit factors (s2/M) with those of small-mol. model compounds: Mod1 and Mod2. By doing this, we found that the 2PA response of Pol1 and Pol2 is improved 2-3 times vs. resp. model compounds in the solid state form. Further comparisons with 2PA results collected fordiluted solutions of Mod1 and Mod2 supports the notion that self-aggregated structure contributes to the observed enhancement of 2PA response. On the other hand, it is clear that Pol1 and Pol2 suffer from aggregation-caused quenching phenomenon, well reflected in time-resolved fluorescence properties as well as in relatively low values of quantum yield of fluorescence. Accordingly, despite improved intrinsic 2PA response, the effective intensity of two-photon excited emission for Pol1 and Pol2 is slightly lower relative to Mod1 and Mod2. Finally, we explore temperature-resolved luminescence properties under one- (377 nm), two- (820 nm), and three-photon excitation (1020 nm) conditions of postsynthetically Eu3+-functionalized material, Pol1-Eu, and discuss its suitability for temperature sensing applications. After reading the article, we found that the author used Tris(4-bromophenyl)amine(cas: 4316-58-9Application of 4316-58-9)

In other references, Tris(4-bromophenyl)amine(cas: 4316-58-9) is often used in the synthesis of porous luminescent covalent–organic polymers (COPs)Application of 4316-58-9

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Multiple Enhancement Effects of Crown Ether in Tröger’s Base Polymers on the Performance of Anion Exchange Membranes》 was published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020. These research results belong to Yang, Qian; Cai, Yuan Yuan; Zhu, Zhao Yu; Sun, Li Xuan; Choo, Yvonne Shuen Lann; Zhang, Qiu Gen; Zhu, Ai Mei; Liu, Qing Lin. Recommanded Product: 1,6-Dibromohexane The article mentions the following:

The development of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is hindered by the trade-off of ionic conductivity, alk. stability, and mech. property. Troger’s base polymers (Tb-polymers) are recognized as promising membrane materials to overcome these obstacles. Herein, the AEMs made from Tb-poly(crown ether)s (Tb-PCEs) show good comprehensive performance. The influence of crown ether on the conductivity and alk. stability of AEMs has been investigated in detail. The formation of hydronium ion-crown ether complexes and an obvious microphase separated structure formed by the existence of crown ether can enhance the conductivity of the AEMs. The maximum ionic conductivity of 141.5 mS cm-1 is achieved from the Tb-PCEs based AEM (Tb-PCEs-1) at 80 oC under 100% humidity. The ion-dipole interaction of the Na+ with crown ether can protect the quaternary ammonium from the attack of OH- to improve the alk. stability of AEMs. After 480 h alk. treatment, the ionic conductivity of Tb-PCEs-1 only decreases by 6%. The single cell fabricated by the Tb-PCEs-1 shows a peak power d. of 0.202 W cm-2 at 80 oC. The prominent physicochem. properties are attributed to the well-developed microstructure of the Tb-PCEs, as revealed by TEM, AFM and SAXS observations. In addition to this study using 1,6-Dibromohexane, there are many other studies that have used 1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8Recommanded Product: 1,6-Dibromohexane) was used in this study.

1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8) is generally used to introduce C6 spacer in the molecular architecture. Some of the examples are: synthesis of pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene molecular bridge (6PTTF6) to study redox switching behavior of single molecules; synthesis of water-soluble thermoresponsive polylactides.Recommanded Product: 1,6-Dibromohexane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Continuous Nucleation and Size Dependent Growth Kinetics of Indium Phosphide Nanocrystals》 was published in Chemistry of Materials in 2020. These research results belong to McMurtry, Brandon M.; Qian, Kevin; Teglasi, Joseph K.; Swarnakar, Anindya K.; De Roo, Jonathan; Owen, Jonathan S.. Application of 13465-09-3 The article mentions the following:

Aminophosphines derived from N,N’-disubstituted ethylenediamines (R-N(H)CH2CH2N(H)-R; R = ortho-tolyl, Ph, benzyl, iso-Pr, and n-octyl) were used to adjust the kinetics of InP nanocrystal formation by more than 1 order of magnitude. UV-visible absorption and 31P NMR measurements demonstrate that the rate of nanocrystal formation is limited by the precursor reactivity. At low temperature (180°C), crystal nucleation is concurrent with growth throughout the reaction, rather than occurring in a burst at early times. The low temperature produces a narrow range of small sizes (d = 4.2-4.9 nm) regardless of the precursor used. Higher temperatures (up to 270°C) promote growth to larger sizes (d ≤ 7.8 nm), shorten the nucleation period, and create conditions where the final size is controlled by the precursor conversion reactivity. The temperature dependence is proposed to arise from growth kinetics that slow as the nanocrystal size increases, a novel surface attachment limited size distribution-focusing mechanism. Such a mechanism supports a narrow size distribution without separating the nucleation and growth phases. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Indium(III) bromide(cas: 13465-09-3Application of 13465-09-3)

Indium(III) bromide(cas: 13465-09-3) is used as a catalyst to produce dithioacetals when unactivated alkynes react with thiols and fields such as optics and microelectronics that utilize semiconductor technology have wide uses for indium in high-performing solar cells.Application of 13465-09-3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Stepwise dual targeting and dual responsive polymer micelles for mitochondrion therapy》 was published in Journal of Controlled Release in 2020. These research results belong to Zhang, Xiaobin; Wang, Yi; Wei, Guoqing; Zhao, Jingya; Yang, Guang; Zhou, Shaobing. Product Details of 2623-87-2 The article mentions the following:

Methods to selectively destroy mitochondria of tumor cells and induce cell apoptosis with nanomedicine constitute challenges in cancer therapy. In the present study, we develop cell membrane/mitochondria dual targeting and pH/redox dual responsive nanoparticles for mitochondrion therapy. The nanoparticles are fabricated by the self-assembly of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) grafted poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)-poly(d,L-lactide)(PLA) copolymers (TPP-PEG-ss-PLA) using disulfide bonds as the intermediate linkers. To shield the surface pos. charge of the nanoparticles from TPP composition, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is employed to coat the nanoparticles, and this prolongs blood circulation while endowing an active targeting ability to the cell membrane. In acidic lyso-somes/endosomes, the neg. charged CS layer falls away to expose the TPP component. Subsequently, in the cyto-plasm, the nanoparticles can anchor to the mitochondrial outer membrane by TPP-mediated targeting, thereby inducing a decrease in the membrane potential and opening of the permeability transition pore. Thus, the overproduction of ROS in the mitochondria promotes cell apoptosis. The released DOX directly diffuse into the mitochondria, thereby resulting in mito-chondrial DNA damage. Therefore, the nanoparticles exhibit significant potential in terms of a new avenue for mitochondrion therapy in cancer treatment. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2Product Details of 2623-87-2)

4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2) belongs to carboxylic acids. The chief chemical characteristic of the carboxylic acids is their acidity. They are generally more acidic than other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups but are generally weaker than the familiar mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, etc.).Product Details of 2623-87-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《A Fluorescent Compound from the Exuviae of the Scorpion, Liocheles australasiae》 was written by Yoshimoto, Yusuke; Tanaka, Masato; Miyashita, Masahiro; Abdel-Wahab, Mohammed; Megaly, Alhussin M. A.; Nakagawa, Yoshiaki; Miyagawa, Hisashi. Name: 1,6-Dibromohexane And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Most scorpions fluoresce under UV light. To date, two types of fluorescent compounds have been identified in scorpions, but it has been assumed that other unknown compounds may be responsible for the fluorescence. In this study, we isolated a fluorescent compound from the exuviae of the scorpion Liocheles australasiae identified as a macrocyclic diphthalate ester with a mol. mass of 496.2 Da. The same compound was also detected in extracts from four other scorpion species. This suggests that this compound is shared by multiple scorpion species, although its contribution to the cuticle fluorescence may be relatively small. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8Name: 1,6-Dibromohexane)

1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8) is generally used to introduce C6 spacer in the molecular architecture. Some of the examples are: synthesis of solvent processable and conductive polyfluorene ionomers for alkaline fuel cell applications; synthesis of cross-linkable regioregular poly(3-(5-hexenyl)thiophene) (P3HNT) for stabilizing the film morphology in polymer photovoltaic cells.Name: 1,6-Dibromohexane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Sun, Yanni; Yang, Xikang; Jiao, Wei; Wu, Jun; Zhao, Zhenfu published their research in ACS Applied Electronic Materials in 2021. The article was titled 《All-Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots Based on InX3-Trioctylphosphine Oxide Hybrid Passivation Strategies for High-Performance and Full-Colored Light-Emitting Diodes》.Application In Synthesis of Indium(III) bromide The article contains the following contents:

All-inorganic perovskite quantum dot (PeQD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are promising candidates for the next-generation flat-panel displays and semiconductor lighting technol. However, the stability issues severely limit their com. applications. In this study, highly stable CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PeQD films were prepared using InX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as inorganic-organic hybrid ligands to passivate the surface defects of PeQDs. The obtained InX3-TOPO-CsPbX3 PeQDs not only have high photoluminance quantum yields (PL QYs) and very narrow emission (14-35 nm) but also possess long-term stability. This is mainly due to the synergistic effect of InX3 and TOPO inorganic-organic surface ligand passivation, which can effectively inhibit the halogen vacancy and reduce the surface defect of PeQDs. In addition, the chem. states of InBr3-TOPO-CsPbBr3 PeQDs were analyzed by XPS technol. and it was found that InX3-TOPO synergistic surface passivation can effectively reduce the Pb=O bond in the crystal lattice. Moreover, full-colored perovskite QLEDs based on InX3-TOPO-CsPbX3 PeQDs were achieved by using ZnO/PBD as the double electron transport layer, NiO/TFB as the double hole transport material, and InX3-TOPO-CsPbX3 PeQDs as the light-emitting layer. The EQE (%) and luminance (cd m-2) of red, green, and blue QLEDs based on these InX3-TOPO-CsPbX3 PeQDs were 8.2% and 9080 cd m-2, 7.8% and 18,600 cd m-2, and 1.62% and 164 cd m-2, resp. This cooperative effect based on the InX3-TOPO hybrid passivation strategy will open a way for the preparation of highly efficient, stable, and color-tunable perovskite QLEDs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Indium(III) bromide(cas: 13465-09-3Application In Synthesis of Indium(III) bromide)

Indium(III) bromide(cas: 13465-09-3) is used in organic synthesis as a water tolerant Lewis acid. It efficiently catalyzes the three-component coupling of β-keto esters, aldehydes and urea (or thiourea) to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones.Application In Synthesis of Indium(III) bromide

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Vantourout, Julien C.; Mason, Andrew M.; Yuen, Josephine; Simpson, Graham L.; Evindar, Ghotas; Kuai, Letian; Hobbs, Michael; Edgar, Emma; Needle, Saul; Bai, Xiaopeng; Wilson, Steve; Scott-Stevens, Paul; Traylen, William; Lambert, Kim; Young, Neil; Bunally, Shenaz; Summerfield, Scott G.; Snell, Richard; Lad, Rakesh; Shi, Eric; Skinner, Steven; Shewchuk, Lisa; Watson, Allan J. B.; Chung, Chun-wa; Pal, Sandeep; Holt, Dennis A.; Kallander, Lara S.; Prendergast, Joanne; Rivera, Katrina; Washburn, David G.; Harpel, Mark R.; Arico-Muendel, Christopher; Isidro-Llobet, Albert published their research in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《In Vivo Half-Life Extension of BMP1/TLL Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Using Small-Molecule Human Serum Albumin Binders》.Quality Control of Benzyl 2-bromoacetate The article contains the following contents:

Reducing the required frequence of drug dosing can improve the adherence of patients to chronic treatments. Hence, drugs with longer in vivo half-lives are highly desirable. One of the most promising approaches to extend the in vivo half-life of drugs is conjugation to human serum albumin (HSA). In this work, we describe the use of AlbuBinder 1, a small-mol. noncovalent HSA binder, to extend the in vivo half-life and pharmacol. of small-mol. BMP1/TLL inhibitors in humanized mice (HSA KI/KI). A series of conjugates of AlbuBinder 1 with BMP1/TLL inhibitors were prepared In particular, conjugate c showed good solubility and a half-life extension of >20-fold vs. the parent mol. in the HSA KI/KI mice, reaching half-lives of >48 h with maintained maximal inhibition of plasma BMP1/TLL. The same conjugate showed a half-life of only 3 h in the wild-type mice, suggesting that the half-life extension was principally due to specific interactions with HSA. It is envisioned that conjugation to AlbuBinder 1 should be applicable to a wide range of small mol. or peptide drugs with short half-lives. In this context, AlbuBinders represent a viable alternative to existing half-life extension technologies. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Benzyl 2-bromoacetate(cas: 5437-45-6Quality Control of Benzyl 2-bromoacetate)

Benzyl 2-bromoacetate(cas: 5437-45-6) belongs to benzyl acetate. Benzyl acetate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid, but is also naturally present in the essential oils of many plants, including jasmine and ylang ylang.Quality Control of Benzyl 2-bromoacetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Wang, Shenghao; Luo, Chun; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Junsong; Zhang, Lanlan; Zhu, Bolin; Wang, Chao published their research in Cell Reports Physical Science in 2021. The article was titled 《Regioselective nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes enabled by picolinamide auxiliary》.Safety of (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane The article contains the following contents:

A removable bidentate picolinamide-assisted regioselective dicarbofunctionalization of homoallylic amines I [R = 1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexyl, 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl, 1-phenylbut-3-en-1-yl, etc.] with organohalides R1X (R1 = 4-methoxyphenyl, pyridin-4-yl, Bu, etc.; X = I, Br) and arylboronic acids ArB(OH)2 (Ar = Ph, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, 1H-indol-3-yl, etc.) was developed. The catalytic system, using cost-effective and air-stable Ni(II) precatalyst, which could be activated by arylboronic acids, provides access to the regioselective diarylation and arylalkylation of inactivated alkenes. This reaction is compatible with α- or α-substituted terminal alkenes and internal alkenes and exhibits excellent functional group and heterocycle tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via a NiI/NiIII catalytic cycle rather than a Ni0/NiII cycle. Notably, the general and practical protocol developed here represents, the first example of Ni-catalyzed 3-component 2,1-diarylation and arylalkylation of alkenes with arylboronic acids and organohalides. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5Safety of (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane)

(Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5) is used as a synthetic building block for the introduction of the cyclopropylmethyl group. It was also used in the synthesis of 1,4-dienes via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with alkenyl Grignard reagents.Safety of (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Jheng, Li-Cheng; Cheng, Cheng-Wei; Ho, Ko-Shan; Hsu, Steve Lien-Chung; Hsu, Chung-Yen; Lin, Bi-Yun; Ho, Tsung-Han published their research in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2021. The article was titled 《Dimethylimidazolium-Functionalized Polybenzimidazole and Its Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells》.Computed Properties of C6H12Br2 The article contains the following contents:

A quaternized polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane was synthesized by grafting a dimethylimidazolium end-capped side chain onto PBI. The organic-inorganic hybrid membrane of the quaternized PBI was prepared via a silane-induced crosslinking process with triethoxysilylpropyl dimethylimidazolium chloride. The chem. structure and membrane morphol. were characterized using NMR, FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDX, AFM, SAXS, and XPS techniques. Compared with the pristine membrane of dimethylimidazolium-functionalized PBI, its hybrid membrane exhibited a lower swelling ratio, higher mech. strength, and better oxidative stability. However, the morphol. of hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation, which facilitates the ion transport along hydrophilic channels, only successfully developed in the pristine membrane. As a result, the hydroxide conductivity of the pristine membrane (5.02 x 10-2 S cm-1 at 80°C) was measured higher than that of the hybrid membrane (2.22 x 10-2 S cm-1 at 80°C). The hydroxide conductivity and tensile results suggested that both membranes had good alk. stability in 2M KOH solution at 80°C. Furthermore, the maximum power densities of the pristine and hybrid membranes of dimethylimidazolium-functionalized PBI reached 241 mW cm-2 and 152 mW cm-2 at 60°C, resp. The fuel cell performance result demonstrates that these two membranes are promising as AEMs for fuel cell applications. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8Computed Properties of C6H12Br2)

1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8) is generally used to introduce C6 spacer in the molecular architecture. Some of the examples are: synthesis of pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene molecular bridge (6PTTF6) to study redox switching behavior of single molecules; synthesis of water-soluble thermoresponsive polylactides.Computed Properties of C6H12Br2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Narayanan, Sona; Sreekumar, K.; Joseph, Rani published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Synthesis and third-order nonlinear optical properties of low band gap 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-thiophene copolymers》, and you may find the article in Materials Today: Proceedings.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Alternate donor-acceptor 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) based copolymers with thiophene and 3-Me thiophene were designed by employing d. functional theory (DFT) in the periodic boundary condition using HSE06 exchange correlation functional and 6-31G basis set. The designed copolymers were synthesized via a simple and facile route, i.e., direct arylation and their third-order nonlinear optical properties were investigated by Z-scan technique. The resultant copolymers, P(EDOT-THP) and P(EDOT-MeTHP) were characterized by spectroscopic anal. The photophys. and electrochem. properties of EDOT-thiophene copolymers were investigated by UV-visible spectra and cyclic voltammetry, resp. The copolymers revealed low band gap and better electronic properties as compared to the homopolymers. The introduction of EDOT unit in the polythiophene leads to decreased HOMO-LUMO energy levels, and the absorption spectra was red shifted when compared with that of the parent compound The nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction coefficient of copolymers have been investigated at 532 nm. The optical limiting properties of copolymers have also been measured. The copolymers exhibited strong optical nonlinearity owing to the presence of alternate donor-π-acceptor scheme in the polymers. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2,5-Dibromothiophene(cas: 3141-27-3Category: bromides-buliding-blocks)

2,5-Dibromothiophene(cas: 3141-27-3) , is mainly used as pharmaceutical intermediate and synthesis intermediate. 2,5-Dibromothiophene may be used as starting reagent for the synthesis of α,α′-didecylquater-, -quinque- and -sexi-thiophenes.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary