Month: October 2022

In 2018,Ramsbeck, Daniel; Hamann, Antje; Richter, Georg; Schlenzig, Dagmar; Geissler, Stefanie; Nykiel, Vera; Cynis, Holger; Schilling, Stephan; Buchholz, Mirko published 《Structure-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Next-Generation Meprin β Inhibitors》.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published the findings.Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The metalloproteinase meprin β emerged as a current drug target for the treatment of a number of disorders, among those fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and Morbus Alzheimer. A major obstacle in the development of metalloprotease inhibitors is target selectivity to avoid side effects by blocking related enzymes with physiol. functions. Here, we describe the structure-guided design of a novel series of compounds, based on previously reported highly active meprin β inhibitors. The bioisosteric replacement of the sulfonamide scaffold gave rise to a next generation of meprin inhibitors. Selected compounds based on this novel amine scaffold exhibit high activity against meprin β and also remarkable selectivity over related metalloproteases, i.e., matrix metalloproteases and A disintegrin and metalloproteinases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate)

Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals.Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2018,Journal of Medicinal Chemistry included an article by Selvam, Chelliah; Lemasson, Isabelle A.; Brabet, Isabelle; Oueslati, Nadia; Karaman, Berin; Cabaye, Alexandre; Tora, Amelie S.; Commare, Bruno; Courtiol, Tiphanie; Cesarini, Sara; McCort-Tranchepain, Isabelle; Rigault, Delphine; Mony, Laetitia; Bessiron, Thomas; McLean, Heather; Leroux, Frederic R.; Colobert, Francoise; Daniel, Herve; Goupil-Lamy, Anne; Bertrand, Hugues-Olivier; Goudet, Cyril; Pin, Jean-Philippe; Acher, Francine C.. Related Products of 1129-28-8. The article was titled 《Increased Potency and Selectivity for Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Binding at Dual sites》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor agonist (PCEP) was identified by virtual HTS. This orthosteric ligand is composed by an L-AP4-derived fragment that mimics glutamate and a chain that binds into a neighboring pocket, offering possibilities to improve affinity and selectivity. Herein the authors describe a series of derivatives where the distal chain is replaced by an aromatic or heteroaromatic group. Potent agonists were identified, including some with a mGlu4 subtype preference, e.g., 17m (LSP1-2111) and 16g (LSP4-2022). Mol. modeling suggests that aromatic functional groups may bind at either one of the two chloride regulatory sites. These agonists may thus be considered as particular bitopic/dualsteric ligands. 17m was shown to reduce GABAergic synaptic transmission at striatopallidal synapses. The authors now demonstrate its inhibitory effect at glutamatergic parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellar cortex. Although these ligands have physicochem. properties that are markedly different from typical CNS drugs, they hold significant therapeutic potential. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8Related Products of 1129-28-8)

Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8) belongs to organobromine compounds.Depending on the type of carbon to which the bromine is bonded, organic bromide could be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl. Dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, Wittig reaction, and several nucleophilic substitution reactions are some of the principal reactions which involve organic bromides. Related Products of 1129-28-8

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2018,Journal of Organic Chemistry included an article by Frayne, Stephen H.; Northrop, Brian H.. Reference of Methyl 3-bromopropanoate. The article was titled 《Evaluating Nucleophile Byproduct Formation during Phosphine- and Amine-Promoted Thiol-Methyl Acrylate Reactions》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The commonly accepted mechanism of nucleophile-initiated thiol-acrylate reactions requires the formation of undesired nucleophile byproducts. A systematic evaluation of the formation of such nucleophile byproducts has been carried out to understand the relationships between byproduct formation and nucleophile structure, stoichiometry, solvent, and reaction type. Three common nucleophiles for thiol-Michael reactions were investigated: dimethylphenylphosphine (DMPP), diethylamine (DEA), and hexylamine (HA). The formation of phosphonium ester and aza-Michael byproducts upon initiating a representative thiol-acrylate reaction between 1-hexanethiol and Me acrylate at a range of initiator loading (0.01-10.0 equiv) and in different solvents (neat, DMSO, THF, and CHCl3) was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The influence of reaction type was investigated by expanding from small mol. reactions to end group thiol-acrylate functionalization of PEG-diacrylate polymers and through investigations of polymer-polymer coupling reactions. Results indicate that the propensity of forming nucleophile byproducts varies with nucleophile type, solvent, and reaction type. Interestingly, for all but polymer-polymer ligation reactions, nucleophile byproduct formation is largely unobserved for nitrogen-centered nucleophiles DEA and HA and essentially nonexistent for the phorphorous-centered nucleophile DMPP. A rationale for the differences in nucleophile byproduct formation for DMPP, DEA, and HA is proposed and supported by exptl. and computational anal. After reading the article, we found that the author used Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3Reference of Methyl 3-bromopropanoate)

Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3) belongs to bromides. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.Reference of Methyl 3-bromopropanoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2019,Environmental Science & Technology included an article by Ji, Chenyang; Shen, Chao; Zhou, Yixi; Zhu, Kongyang; Sun, Zhe; Zuo, Zhenghong; Zhao, Meirong. Related Products of 6825-20-3. The article was titled 《AhR Agonist Activity Confirmation of Polyhalogenated Carbazoles (PHCZs) Using an Integration of in Vitro, in Vivo, and in Silico Models》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a kind of rising environmental pollutants that have been reported to pose high risk to human beings and natural environment. PHCZs are of a similar mol. structure with of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and exhibited some dioxin-like toxicity. Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are required to be banned by the Stockholm Convention due to their potential adverse impacts to the environment and public health. However, few efforts have been done towards the regulation of PHCZs. Herein, we initiated multi-models to systematically determine and validate the dioxin-like effects of PHCZs in a large scale. Transgenic zebrafish line-Tg(cyp1a-12DRE:EGFP) and stably transfected HepG2 cell line with luciferase reporter plasmids were used to screen and evaluate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist effects of the target PHCZs, which were then verified by application of mol. docking and expression levels of AhR downstream genes. Results of the two bioassays showed that most of the tested PHCZs could pose dioxin-like AhR agonist effects, change the expression levels of AhR downstream genes, and interact with AhR in accordance with TCDD. In summary, data presented here can help to guide the safe use and regulation of PHCZs. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3Related Products of 6825-20-3)

3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3) is used as a reagent in the synthesis of P7C3-A20 which is a potent neuroprotective agent. And it has been used in the preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,6-dibromocarbazole.Related Products of 6825-20-3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2019,Chemistry – A European Journal included an article by Richter, Sven C.; Oestreich, Martin. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks. The article was titled 《Bioinspired Metal-Free Formal Decarbonylation of α-Branched Aliphatic Aldehydes at Ambient Temperature》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A sequence of a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and a Lewis acid-promoted reduction of the resulting formate with Et3SiH enabled the metal-free formal decarbonylation of tertiary and secondary aliphatic aldehydes. The new methodol. mimics the biosynthetic decarbonylation pathway through oxidative C-C bond cleavage rather than the C(O)-H bond activation known from conventional Tsuji-Wilkinson-type reactions. The substrate scope is complementary to existing transition-metal-catalyzed protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide(cas: 1530-32-1Category: bromides-buliding-blocks)

Ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide(cas: 1530-32-1) is a phase transfer catalyst, used to accelerate the cure of phenolic-based epoxy resins, certain fluoroelastomer resins and thermosetting powder coatings. It is also used as catalysts in the synthesis of certain organic compounds and as a pharmaceutical intermediate.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2019,Journal of Organic Chemistry included an article by Zemtsov, Artem A.; Ashirbaev, Salavat S.; Levin, Vitalij V.; Kokorekin, Vladimir A.; Korlyukov, Alexander A.; Dilman, Alexander D.. Recommanded Product: Ethyl 5-bromovalerate. The article was titled 《Photoredox Reaction of 2-Mercaptothiazolinium Salts with Silyl Enol Ethers》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A method for the generation of free radicals from thiazolinium salts upon photocatalytic reduction is described. The thiazolinium salts are generated by treatment with Me triflate of 2-mercaptothiazolines, which can be readily obtained from alkyl bromides and tosylates via a nucleophilic substitution reaction or by hydrothiolation of alkenes. Silyl enol ethers were used to trap the radicals, furnishing ketones after successive single-electron oxidation and elimination of the silyl cation. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Ethyl 5-bromovalerate(cas: 14660-52-7Recommanded Product: Ethyl 5-bromovalerate)

Ethyl 5-bromovalerate(cas: 14660-52-7) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 5-bromovalerate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2019,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces included an article by Huang, Haijun; Fu, Yan; Wang, Xinchao; Gao, Yichun; Wang, Zhenqiang; Zhang, Shengtao; Li, Hongru; Gao, Fang; Chen, Lingyun. Recommanded Product: 1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene. The article was titled 《Nano- to Micro-Self-Aggregates of New Bisimidazole-Based Copoly(ionic liquid)s for Protecting Copper in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solution》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

This study presents the synthesis of two new bisimidazole-based copoly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) through multi-step preparation routes. It is shown that the target PILs can display orderly mol. stacking, and nano to micro self-aggregates are yielded in aqueous sulfuric acid solution, which are characterized by various technologies including the SEM, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the dynamic light scattering (DLS). The studied PILs aggregates show strong chem. adsorption onto the copper surfaces demonstrated by the Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), the Raman spectroscopy as well as the XPS. Furthermore, the anti-corrosion performance for studied PILs aggregates is shown by the polarization curves and the impedance spectroscopy. As a result, the target PILs aggregates show great corrosion inhibition performance to copper in aggressive acid medium. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene(cas: 623-24-5Recommanded Product: 1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene)

1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene(cas: 623-24-5) belongs to organobromine compounds.Depending on the type of carbon to which the bromine is bonded, organic bromide could be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl. Due to the reactivity of bromide, they are used as potential precursors or important intermediates in organic synthesis. Recommanded Product: 1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Enzymatic assembly of carbon-carbon bonds via iron-catalysed sp3 C-H functionalization》 were Zhang, Ruijie K.; Chen, Kai; Huang, Xiongyi; Wohlschlager, Lena; Renata, Hans; Arnold, Frances H.. And the article was published in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2019. HPLC of Formula: 539-74-2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Although abundant in organic mols., carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds are typically considered unreactive and unavailable for chem. manipulation. Recent advances in C-H functionalization technol. have begun to transform this logic, while emphasizing the importance of and challenges associated with selective alkylation at a sp3 carbon. Here we describe iron-based catalysts for the enantio-, regio- and chemoselective intermol. alkylation of sp3 C-H bonds through carbene C-H insertion. The catalysts, derived from a cytochrome P 450 enzyme in which the native cysteine axial ligand has been substituted for serine (cytochrome P411), are fully genetically encoded and produced in bacteria, where they can be tuned by directed evolution for activity and selectivity. That these proteins activate iron, the most abundant transition metal, to perform this chem. provides a desirable alternative to noble-metal catalysts, which have dominated the field of C-H functionalization. The laboratory-evolved enzymes functionalize diverse substrates containing benzylic, allylic or α-amino C-H bonds with high turnover and excellent selectivity. Furthermore, they have enabled the development of concise routes to several natural products. The use of the native iron-haem cofactor of these enzymes to mediate sp3 C-H alkylation suggests that diverse haem proteins could serve as potential catalysts for this abiol. transformation, and will facilitate the development of new enzymic C-H functionalization reactions for applications in chem. and synthetic biol. The experimental process involved the reaction of Ethyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 539-74-2HPLC of Formula: 539-74-2)

Ethyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 539-74-2) belongs to organobromine compounds.Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms , and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial , antitumor , antiviral , and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. HPLC of Formula: 539-74-2 Moreover, several studies demonstrate that the average proportion of bromine in drugs is significantly higher than that in natural products.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Determination of carbazole and halogenated carbazoles in human serum samples using GC-MS/MS》 were Fang, Li; Qiu, Fengmei; Li, Ying; Wang, Shizhong; DeGuzman, Josephine; Wang, Jun; She, Jianwen. And the article was published in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2019. Computed Properties of C12H7Br2N The author mentioned the following in the article:

Carbazole and halogenated carbazoles have been widely detected throughout the environment in soil, river deposits, and lake sediments. Human exposure to these compounds may occur through inhalation, drinking water, dietary intake and/or skin contact, and exposure levels in the body may be evaluated by measuring them in serum or blood. This paper reports the method development and validation for the anal. of carbazole and 11 halogenated carbazoles in human blood and/or serum samples. A small sample size of 100μL of blood or serum was employed for the anal. The samples were prepared through salting-out liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) by using hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1, volume/volume) as the extraction solvent and aqueous MgSO4 (37.5 wt%) as the salting-out regent, resp. Sample anal. was performed using gas-chromatog. (GC) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) in an electron impact (EI) mode. The developed method demonstrated low detection limits in the range of 0.02-0.27 ng/mL, intra-day accuracy ranging from 81.2% to 125%, and inter-day accuracy from 91.0% to 117%. The intra- and inter-day precisions, calculated by relative standard deviations (RSDs), were in the ranges of 1.0-16.0% and 1.8-16.4%, resp. The developed method was applied to the anal. of 50 human serum samples collected from pregnant women in Southern California in 2012. Low concentrations of carbazole were measured in 18 samples, while halogenated carbazoles were not detected in any of the samples. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3Computed Properties of C12H7Br2N)

3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3) is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate, and also an important intermediate of synthesizing optoelectronic materials. It has been used as a reagent in the synthesis of P7C3-A20 which is a potent neuroprotective agent.Computed Properties of C12H7Br2N

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Photochemical degradation of polyhalogenated carbazoles in hexane by sunlight》 were Zhou, Shanshan; Pan, Xiaoxue; Tang, Qiaozhi; Zhu, Hongbin; Zhou, Jiayi; Zhao, Lu; Guo, Jiehong; Wang, Zunyao; Liu, Weiping; Li, An. And the article was published in Science of the Total Environment in 2019. Quality Control of 3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole The author mentioned the following in the article:

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a class of halogenated dibenzopyrrole, which have been increasingly detected in the environment and found to be bioaccumulative and potentially toxic. However, their environmental transformation potential is largely unknown. In this study, UV absorption spectra of carbazole (CZ) and 10 PHCZs were obtained with wavelength range 290-400 nm, and three peaks were identified in most cases with the highest occurring around 300 nm. Hexane solutions of CZ, 10 individual PHCZs, and a sediment extract containing nine other PHCZs were sep. irradiated under natural sunlight in order to investigate their photodegradation kinetics and pathways. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants (k) of these PHCZs varied from 0.183 h-1 to 2.394 h-1, and increased exponentially with increasing numbers of chlorines and bromines in PHCZ mols. Contribution to ln k from each bromine atom is more than doubling of that from each chlorine atom. Stepwise reduction debromination was confirmed to be one of the photodegradation mechanisms for both brominated and mixed halogenated (containing both bromine and chlorine) carbazoles. Only sporadic dechlorinated products were found during the photolysis of chlorinated carbazoles. By adopting a simplified kinetic approach, we estimated that dehalogenation contributed approx. 20% to 51% of the total loss of the parent PHCZs. In the experiment, the researchers used 3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3Quality Control of 3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole)

3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3) is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate, and also an important intermediate of synthesizing optoelectronic materials. It has been used in the preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,6-dibromocarbazole.Quality Control of 3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary