Month: October 2022

In 2019,Angewandte Chemie, International Edition included an article by Sun, Haotian; Haque, Farihah M.; Zhang, Yi; Commisso, Alex; Mohamed, Mohamed Alaa; Tsianou, Marina; Cui, Honggang; Grayson, Scott M.; Cheng, Chong. Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 5-bromovalerate. The article was titled 《Linear-Dendritic Alternating Copolymers》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of an unprecedented copolymer consisting of alternating linear and dendritic segments is described. First, a 4th-generation Hawker-type dendron with two azide groups was synthesized, followed by a step-growth azide-alkyne “”click”” reaction between the 4th-generation diazido dendron and poly(ethylene glycol) diacetylene to create the target polymers. Unequal reactivity of the functional groups was observed in the step-growth polymerization The resulting copolymers, with alternating hydrophilic linear and hydrophobic dendritic segments, can spontaneously associate into a unique type of microphase-segregated nanorods in water. After reading the article, we found that the author used Ethyl 5-bromovalerate(cas: 14660-52-7Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 5-bromovalerate)

Ethyl 5-bromovalerate(cas: 14660-52-7) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 5-bromovalerate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2019,Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics included an article by Ballesteros, Paola; Cuadrado, Alba; Gilabert, Alejandra; Fajari, Lluis; Sires, Ignasi; Brillas, Enric; Almajano, Maria Pilar; Velasco, Dolores; Anglada, Josep M.; Julia, Luis. COA of Formula: C12H7Br2N. The article was titled 《Formation of a stable biradical triplet state cation versus a closed shell singlet state cation by oxidation of adducts of 3,6-dimethoxycarbazole and polychlorotriphenylmethyl radicals》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

We report an exptl. and theor. study of two stable radical adducts of the triphenylmethyl series, 1 and 2, whose composition and mol. structure are distinguished by the content and position of chlorine atoms in phenyls. The electrochem. study through cyclic voltammetry of these open layer species shows the existence of two reversible processes, related to reduction and oxidation, to stable charged species. The chem. oxidation of both radical adducts gives rise to stable cations, whose fundamental state has a biradical triplet electronic structure or a closed shell singlet character, depending on the electronic conjugation between the donor and acceptor electron moieties. The presence of chlorines adjacent to the nitrogen in 1 breaks the conjugation between both halves, facilitating the formation of a triplet electronic state of the cation, while the absence of chlorines in these positions in 2 facilitates partial conjugation and stabilizes the closed shell singlet electronic state of the cation. In the experiment, the researchers used 3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3COA of Formula: C12H7Br2N)

3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazole(cas: 6825-20-3) is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate, and also an important intermediate of synthesizing optoelectronic materials. It has been used as a reagent in the synthesis of P7C3-A20 which is a potent neuroprotective agent.COA of Formula: C12H7Br2N

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Glycine-betaine-derived ionic liquids: Synthesis, characterization and ecotoxicological evaluation》 were Parajo, Juan J.; Macario, Ines P. E.; De Gaetano, Yannick; Dupont, Laurent; Salgado, Josefa; Pereira, Joana L.; Goncalves, Fernando J. M.; Mohamadou, Aminou; Ventura, Sonia P. M.. And the article was published in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2019. SDS of cas: 2969-81-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Ionic Liquids (ILs) are generically regarded as environmentally “”harmless”” and thus, assumed as “”non-toxic””. However, due to the endless design possibilities, their ecotoxicol. profile is still poorly known. An accurate knowledge on the toxicity of a substance is required, under the scope of environmental regulation worldwide, before their application and commercialization. Knowledge on the relationship between the chem. structure and toxic effects is essential for the future design of more biocompatible solvents. Focusing on the use of ILs as base lubricants, lubricant additives, or even as potential working fluids for absorption heat pumps, the knowledge on its environmental impact is of great importance, due to the possibility of spills. In this specific context, four analogs of glycine-betaine-based ILs (AGB-ILs) and four glycine-betaine based ILs (GB-ILs) were synthesized and characterized. Their ecotoxicity was assessed using representatives of two trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems, the bacteria Allivibrio fischeri (commonly used as a screening test organism) and the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (as an alternative test organism that has been proven very sensitive to several IL families). The microalgae were more sensitive than the bacteria, hence, following a precautionary principle, we recommend considering the toxicity towards microalgae as an indicator in future studies regarding the focused ILs. Although four of the studied ILs were derived from a natural amino acid, all were considered hazardous for the aquatic environment, disproving the primary theory that all ILs derived from natural compounds are benign. Furthermore, the modification in the structure of anion and the cation can lead to the increase of toxicity. In addition to this study using Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate, there are many other studies that have used Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5SDS of cas: 2969-81-5) was used in this study.

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.SDS of cas: 2969-81-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Investigation of the molecular characteristics of bisindole inhibitors as HIV-1 glycoprotein-41 fusion inhibitors》 were Zhou, Guangyan; Chu, Shidong; Nemati, Ariana; Huang, Chunsheng; Snyder, Beth A.; Ptak, Roger G.; Gochin, Miriam. And the article was published in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019. Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate The author mentioned the following in the article:

In previous work, we described 6-6′-bisindole compounds targeting a hydrophobic pocket on the N-heptad repeat region of viral glycoprotein-41 as effective inhibitors of HIV-1 fusion. Two promising compounds with sub-micromolar IC50’s contained a benzoic acid group and a benzoic acid ester attached at the two indole nitrogens. Here we have conducted a thorough structure-activity relationship (SAR) study evaluating the contribution of each of the ring systems and various substituents to compound potency. Hydrophobicity, polarity and charge were varied to produce 35 new compounds that were evaluated in binding, cell-cell fusion and viral infectivity assays. We found that (a) activity based solely on increasing hydrophobic content plateaued at ∼ 200 nM; (b) the bisindole scaffold surpassed other heterocyclic ring systems in efficacy; (c) a polar interaction possibly involving Gln575 in the pocket could supplant less specific hydrophobic interactions; and (d) the benzoic acid ester moiety did not appear to form specific contacts with the pocket. The importance of this hydrophobic group to compound potency suggests a mechanism whereby it might interact with a tertiary component during fusion, such as membrane. A promising small mol. 10b with sub-μM activity was discovered with mol. weight <500 da and reduced logP compared to earlier compounds The work provides insight into requirements for small mol. inhibition of HIV-1 fusion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate)

Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8) belongs to organobromine compounds.The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《A Novel Fluorescence Sensor Towards Hydrazine in Living Cells》 were Wang, Jinjin; Guo, Jing; Dou, Lili; Wang, Rui; Song, Yan; Yang, Qingbiao; Du, Jianshi; Li, Yaoxian. And the article was published in Chemical Research in Chinese Universities in 2019. Computed Properties of C4H7BrO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

By a simple one-step reaction, a new fluorescein-based probe, 3′-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofu-ran-1,9′-xanthen]-6′-yl-4-bromobutanoate(FLB), was designed and synthesized. Relative to other cations, anions or amines, the probe exhibited high sensitivity and specificity towards hydrazine with approx. 40-fold fluorescence enhancement at 515 nm. The detection limit(DL) was calculated to be 2.87×10-8 mol/L, which was about 10 times lower than maximum allowable level of hydrazine(3.12×10-7 mol/L) in drinking water permitted by the US Environment and Protection Association(EPA). Simultaneously, through mass spectroscopy and proton NMR titration, the detection mechanism was further confirmed. Eventually, due to the low cytotoxicity and excellent water solubility, FLB could be employed to detect hydrazine in living cells. In the experiment, the researchers used 4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2Computed Properties of C4H7BrO2)

4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2) belongs to carboxylic acids. The chief chemical characteristic of the carboxylic acids is their acidity. They are generally more acidic than other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups but are generally weaker than the familiar mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, etc.).Computed Properties of C4H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Copper-Catalyzed 1,2-Methoxy Methoxycarbonylation of Alkenes with Methyl Formate》 were Budai, Balazs; Leclair, Alexandre; Wang, Qian; Zhu, Jieping. And the article was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019. Formula: C19H18BrP The author mentioned the following in the article:

Reported here is a copper-catalyzed 1,2-methoxy methoxycarbonylation of alkenes by an unprecedented use of Me formate as a source of both the methoxy and the methoxycarbonyl groups. This reaction transforms styrene and its derivatives into value-added β-methoxy alkanoates and cinnamates, as well as medicinally important five-membered heterocycles, such as functionalized tetrahydrofurans, γ-lactones, and pyrrolidines. These findings suggest that pre-coordination of electron-rich alkenes to copper might play an important role in accelerating the addition of nucleophilic radicals to electron-rich alkenes, and could have general implications in the design of novel radical-based transformations.Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide(cas: 1779-49-3Formula: C19H18BrP) was used in this study.

Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide(cas: 1779-49-3) is a lipophilic molecule with a cation allowing for it to be used to deliver molecules to specific cell components. Also considered an antineoplastic agent.Formula: C19H18BrP

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Acid-selective mass spectrometric analysis of petroleum fractions》 were Omari, Isaac; Zhu, Haoxuan; McGarvey, G. Bryce; McIndoe, J. Scott. And the article was published in International Journal of Mass Spectrometry in 2019. Electric Literature of C8H8Br2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Naphthenic acids are cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids that are naturally-occurring constituents of petroleum. Anal. mass spectrometric methods aimed at carboxylic acids tend to involve deprotonation to generate carboxylate anions, but also produce detectable ions of every acidic component of the mixture A charged tag carbodiimide is able to facilitate detection of model naphthenic acids as well as low levels of naphthenic acids in petroleum fractions via tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This approach exhibits greater selectivity than deprotonation, and a picture of the acidic components of a petroleum fraction emerges after a quick derivatization step and without the use of chromatog. separation The method may prove useful in the context of characterizing the naphthenic acid components of complicated matrixes. In the experiment, the researchers used 1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene(cas: 623-24-5Electric Literature of C8H8Br2)

1,4-Bis(bromomethyl)benzene(cas: 623-24-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Electric Literature of C8H8Br2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Potassium Fluoride: Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Fluoroamines》 were Pupo, Gabriele; Vicini, Anna Chiara; Ascough, David M. H.; Ibba, Francesco; Christensen, Kirsten E.; Thompson, Amber L.; Brown, John M.; Paton, Robert S.; Gouverneur, Veronique. And the article was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019. COA of Formula: C6H5Br2N The author mentioned the following in the article:

Potassium fluoride (KF) is an ideal reagent for fluorination because it is safe, easy to handle and low-cost. However, poor solubility in organic solvents coupled with limited strategies to control its reactivity has discouraged its use for asym. C-F bond formation. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis with KF provides access to valuable β-fluoroamines in high yields and enantioselectivities. This methodol. employs a chiral N-Et bis-urea catalyst that brings solid KF into solution as a tricoordinated urea-fluoride complex. This operationally simple reaction affords enantioenriched fluoro-diphenidine (up to 50 g scale) using 0.5 mol % of recoverable bis-urea catalyst.3,5-Dibromoaniline(cas: 626-40-4COA of Formula: C6H5Br2N) was used in this study.

3,5-Dibromoaniline(cas: 626-40-4) belongs to anime. Halogenation, in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an amine is replaced by a halogen atom, occurs with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, as well as with some other reagents, notably hypochlorous acid (HClO). With primary amines the reaction proceeds in two stages, producing N-chloro- and N,N-dichloro-amines, RNHCl and RNCl2, respectively. With tertiary amines, an alkyl group may be displaced by a halogen.COA of Formula: C6H5Br2N

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Visible-Light-Driven C4-Selective Alkylation of Pyridinium Derivatives with Alkyl Bromides》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. These research results belong to Jung, Sungwoo; Shin, Sanghoon; Park, Seongjin; Hong, Sungwoo. Quality Control of (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane The article mentions the following:

Reported herein is a general strategy for the photochem. cross-coupling between N-amidopyridinium salts and various alkyl bromides under photocatalyst-free conditions, granting facile access to various C4-alkylated pyridines. This approach exploits the intriguing photochem. activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between N-amidopyridinium salts and bromide, which provides a photoactive handle capable of generating silyl radicals and driving the alkylation process. The robustness of this protocol was further demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of complex compounds, e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone and oxaprozin, under mild and metal-free conditions. The experimental process involved the reaction of (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5Quality Control of (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane)

(Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5) is used as a synthetic building block for the introduction of the cyclopropylmethyl group. It was also used in the synthesis of 1,4-dienes via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with alkenyl Grignard reagents.Quality Control of (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Identification of C10 nitrogen-containing aporphines with dopamine D1 versus D5 receptor selectivity》 was published in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020. These research results belong to Karki, Anupam; Juarez, Reecan; Namballa, Hari K.; Alberts, Ian; Harding, Wayne W.. Product Details of 7051-34-5 The article mentions the following:

New aporphines containing C10 nitrogen substituents (viz. nitro, aniline or amide moieties), were synthesized and evaluated for affinity at human serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and at human dopamine D1, D2 and D5 receptors. Two series of analogs were investigated: series A which contain a sole C10 nitrogen substituent on the tetracyclic aporphine core and series B which are 1,2,10-trisubstituted aporphines. Remarkably, compounds from both series lacked affinity for the D5 receptor, thus attaining D1 vs. D5 selectivity. Compound I was the most potent D1 ligand identified. Docking studies at D1 and D5 receptors indicate that the binding mode of I at the D1 receptor allows for stronger hydrophobic contacts, (primarily with Phe residues) as compared to the D5 receptor, accounting for its D1 vs. D5 selectivity. Considering the lack of affinity for the D5 receptor (and low affinity at other receptors tested), compound I represents an interesting starting point for further structural diversification of aporphines as sub-type selective D1 receptor tools. In addition to this study using (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane, there are many other studies that have used (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5Product Details of 7051-34-5) was used in this study.

(Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5) is used as a synthetic building block for the introduction of the cyclopropylmethyl group. It was also used in the synthesis of 1,4-dienes via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with alkenyl Grignard reagents.Product Details of 7051-34-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary