Month: November 2022

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. 4897-84-1, formula is C5H9BrO2, Name is Methyl 4-bromobutanoate. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact., Category: bromides-buliding-blocks.

Yoshinaga, Hidefumi;Nishida, Tomoaki;Sasaki, Izumi;Kato, Taro;Oki, Hitomi;Yabuuchi, Kazuki;Toyoda, Tomohiro research published 《 Discovery of DSP-1053, a novel benzylpiperidine derivative with potent serotonin transporter inhibitory activity and partial 5-HT_1A receptor agonistic activity》, the research content is summarized as follows. The authors have previously shown that SMP-304, a serotonin uptake inhibitor with weak 5-HT_1A partial agonistic activity, may act under high serotonin levels as a 5-HT_1A antagonist that improves the onset of paroxetine in the rat swimming test. However, SMP-304 is mostly metabolized by CYP2D6, indicating limited efficacy among individuals and increased side effects. To reduce CYP2D6 metabolic contribution and enhance SERT/5-HT_1A binding affinity, the authors carried out a series of substitutions at the bromine atom in the left part of the benzene ring of SMP-304 and replaced the right part of SMP-304 with a chroman-4-one. This optimization work led to the identification of the antidepressant candidate DSP-1053 (6-(2-(4-[4-Bromo-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzyl]piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one) as a potent SERT inhibitor with partial 5-HT_1A receptor agonistic activity. DSP-1053 showed low CYP2D6 metabolic contribution and a robust increase in serotonin levels in the rat frontal cortex.

Category: bromides-buliding-blocks, Methyl 4-bromobutyrate,also as known as 4-Bromobutyric acid methyl ester, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C5H9BrO2 and its molecular weight is 181.03 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Bromobutyric acid methyl ester is a synthetic compound that can be used to inhibit the activity of the G1 phase cyclin-dependent kinases. It has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by alkylating the amino groups of proteins and fatty acids. 4-Bromobutyric acid methyl ester also inhibits the growth of cancer cell lines, such as renal carcinoma cells. The mechanism of action for this drug is not well understood, but it may be due to its ability to bind with monoclonal antibodies and enter kidney cells by passive diffusion., 4897-84-1.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organic compounds having carbon bonded to bromine are called organic bromides. 585-76-2, formula is C7H5BrO2, Name is 3-Bromobenzoic acid. Depending on the type of carbon to which the bromine is bonded, organic bromide could be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl. Reference of 585-76-2.

Yoshimori, Atsushi;Asawa, Yasunobu;Kawasaki, Enzo;Tasaka, Tomohiko;Matsuda, Seiji;Sekikawa, Toru;Tanabe, Satoshi;Neya, Masahiro;Natsugari, Hideaki;Kanai, Chisato research published 《 Design and Synthesis of DDR1 Inhibitors with a Desired Pharmacophore Using Deep Generative Models》, the research content is summarized as follows. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitors with a desired pharmacophore were designed using deep generative models (DGMs). DDR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by matrix collagens and implicated in diseases such as cancer, fibrosis and hypoxia. Herein we describe the synthesis and inhibitory activity of compounds generated from DGMs. Three compounds were found to have sub-micromolar inhibitory activity. The most potent compound (N-(4-chloro-3-((pyridin-3-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide), had an IC₅₀ value of 92.5 nM. Furthermore, these compounds were predicted to interact with DDR1, which have a desired pharmacophore derived from a known DDR1 inhibitor. The results of synthesis and experiments indicated that our de novo design strategy is practical for hit identification and scaffold hopping.

Reference of 585-76-2, 3-bromobenzoic acid is a bromobenzoic acid carrying a single bromo subsituent at the 3-position.
3-Bromobenzoic acid, also known as 3-Bromobenzoic acid, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H5BrO2 and its molecular weight is 201.02 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
3-bromobenzoic acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives with insecticidal activity. Also used as a reagent in the synthesis of thiazole derivatives with antibacterial activity.
3-bromobenzoic acid is a molecule that is classified as a Group P2. It has an electronegativity of 1.3 and an acidity of 0.8, which are both in the middle range of values for this group. 3-Bromobenzoic acid is soluble in water and is soluble in ethanol, acetone, and ether. The chemical structure of 3-bromobenzoic acid can be determined by its monoclonal antibody binding sites, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, and Langmuir adsorption isotherm data. 3-Bromobenzoic acid reacts with hydrochloric acid to form benzoate and HCl gas. Chronic exposure to 3-bromobenzoic acid has been shown to cause glutamate dehydrogenase inhibition, leading to an accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the body. , 585-76-2.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. 244205-40-1, formula is C6H6BBrO2, Name is (2-Bromophenyl)boronic acid. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact., Category: bromides-buliding-blocks.

Yoshida, Yasushi;Ishikawa, Seitaro;Mino, Takashi;Sakamoto, Masami research published 《 Bromonium salts: diaryl-λ³-bromanes as halogen-bonding organocatalysts》, the research content is summarized as follows. The synthesis of novel, stable bromonium salts and their first catalytic application to the Michael reaction, with excellent product yield (up to 96%) was reported.

Category: bromides-buliding-blocks, 2-Bromophenylboronic Acid is used as an inhibitor of the hormone sensitive lipase.
2-Bromophenylboronic acid, also known as 2-Bromophenylboronic acid, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C6H6BBrO2 and its molecular weight is 200.83 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Bromophenylboronic acid is a glucose monitoring agent that has a ruthenium complex with an acidic environment. The nitro group and the amines are in close proximity to the boron center, and this proximity leads to a high nucleophilic character of the molecule. This reactivity allows 2-bromophenylboronic acid to be used as a fluorescence probe for acidic environments. 2-Bromophenylboronic acid also inhibits secretase enzymes, which are involved in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. It is an inhibitor of γ-secretase, which is responsible for cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and it has shown efficacy against biphenyl, an anticancer drug that binds to benzodiazepine receptors. 2-Bromophenylboronic acid is also an enantiopure compound because all four substituents are different from each other., 244205-40-1.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine. 244205-40-1, formula is C6H6BBrO2, Name is (2-Bromophenyl)boronic acid, Quality Control of 244205-40-1

Yoshida, Yasushi;Mino, Takashi;Sakamoto, Masami research published 《 Chiral Hypervalent Bromine(III) (Bromonium Salt): Hydrogen- and Halogen-Bonding Bifunctional Asymmetric Catalysis by Diaryl-λ³-bromanes》, the research content is summarized as follows. Bromonium salts, which are hypervalent bromine reagents, have been explored as being strong electrophiles owing to their extremely high nucleofugalities. Only one example of their catalytic application has been reported by our group; however, their chiral versions have not yet been researched. Halogen-bonding (XB) has been widely applied in chem.; however, its successful application to highly enantioselective Lewis acid catalysis has not yet been achieved. Herein, we report the design and development of chiral cyclic diarylbromonium salts. These catalysts enabled a highly enantioselective Lewis acid XB catalysis, giving products with up to 96% ee.

Quality Control of 244205-40-1, 2-Bromophenylboronic Acid is used as an inhibitor of the hormone sensitive lipase.
2-Bromophenylboronic acid, also known as 2-Bromophenylboronic acid, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C6H6BBrO2 and its molecular weight is 200.83 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Bromophenylboronic acid is a glucose monitoring agent that has a ruthenium complex with an acidic environment. The nitro group and the amines are in close proximity to the boron center, and this proximity leads to a high nucleophilic character of the molecule. This reactivity allows 2-bromophenylboronic acid to be used as a fluorescence probe for acidic environments. 2-Bromophenylboronic acid also inhibits secretase enzymes, which are involved in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. It is an inhibitor of γ-secretase, which is responsible for cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and it has shown efficacy against biphenyl, an anticancer drug that binds to benzodiazepine receptors. 2-Bromophenylboronic acid is also an enantiopure compound because all four substituents are different from each other., 244205-40-1.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Vinyl bromides undergo the Heck reaction, which involves C-C coupling with alkene to give substituted alkenes. 5392-10-9, formula is C9H9BrO3, Name is 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. Methyl bromide is a precursor in the manufacture of several chemicals and is employed as a soil sterilant, mainly for seed production. Application In Synthesis of 5392-10-9.

Yen-Pon, Expedite;Buttard, Floris;Frederic, Lucas;Thuery, Pierre;Taran, Frederic;Pieters, Gregory;Champagne, Pier Alexandre;Audisio, Davide research published 《 Heterohelicenes through 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Sydnones with Arynes: Synthesis, Origins of Selectivity, and Application to pH-Triggered Chiroptical Switch with CPL Sign Reversal》, the research content is summarized as follows. Regioselective access to heterohelicenes through the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of sydnones with arynes was described. Novel access to sydnones and poly(hetero)aromatic aryne precursors allowed the introduction of chem. diversity over multiple positions of the helical scaffolds. The origins of the unconventional regioselectivity during the cycloaddition steps was systematically investigated using d. functional theory (DFT) calculations, unveiling the key features that control this reactivity, namely, face-to-face (π···π) or edge-to-face (C-H···π) interactions, primary orbital interactions and distortion from coplanarity in the transition structures (TSs) of the transformation. From the library of 24 derivatives synthesized, a pyridyl containing derivative displayed reversible, red-shifted, pH-triggered chiroptical switching properties, with CPL-sign reversal. It was found that protonation of the helicene causes a change of the angle between the elec. and magnetic dipole moments related to the S₁ → S₀ transition, resulting in this rare case of reversible CPL sign inversion upon application of an external stimulus.

Application In Synthesis of 5392-10-9, 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C9H9BrO3 and its molecular weight is 245.07 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a synthetic compound that has been shown to be an effective agent for inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. It is an efficient method for synthesizing the compound and ha2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde induces cell death by topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage, which results in chromosomal fragmentation and high levels of reactive oxygen species in the cell., 5392-10-9.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. 1575-37-7, formula is C6H7BrN2, Name is 4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact., Reference of 1575-37-7.

Ye, Zhi-Peng;Liu, Fang;Duan, Xin-Yu;Gao, Jie;Guan, Jian-Ping;Xiao, Jun-An;Xiang, Hao-Yue;Chen, Kai;Yang, Hua research published 《 Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Relay Cyclization/C-C Bond Formation of N-Allylbromodifluoroacetamides with Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones》, the research content is summarized as follows. A visible-light-promoted radical relay of N-allylbromodifluoroacetamide with quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones were developed, in which 5-exo-trig cyclization and C-C bond formation was involved. This above protocol was performed under mild conditions to facilely offer a variety of hybrid mols. bearing both quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 3,3-difluoro-γ-lactam motifs. These prepared novel skeletons was expanded the accessible chem. space for structurally complex heterocycles with potential biol. activities.

1575-37-7, 4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene can be obtained from 1,2-diaminobenzene via acetylation followed by bromination and alkaline hydrolysis.
4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine, also known as 4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C6H7BrN2 and its molecular weight is 187.04 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene is a dye that is used in diagnostic
procedures to detect the presence of amide groups. 4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene can be used as an inhibitor for cationic polymerization reactions. It also has tuberculostatic activity and inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This compound reacts with aniline to form a benzimidazole derivative that contains a reactive amine group. The reaction between this amine group and different electrophiles generates benzimidazole compounds with different properties that are useful in nucleophilic attack reactions. The reaction between 4-bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene and methyl ethyl sulfide produces a luminescent probe that can be used to detect hydrogen bonds., Reference of 1575-37-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. 1575-37-7, formula is C6H7BrN2, Name is 4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact., COA of Formula: C6H7BrN2.

Ye, Zecheng;Chen, Jinzhu research published 《 Sulfonate-Grafted Metal-Organic Frameworks for Reductive Functionalization of CO₂ to Benzimidazoles and N-Formamides》, the research content is summarized as follows. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with inner salt of 3-(pyridinylium)-1-propanesulfonate (PS) as the organic linkage were developed as catalysts (PS/MOFs) for reductive functionalization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to benzimidazoles and N-formamides. The pendant -SO₃^– anion in the PS/MOFs acted as an organocatalytic active site for reductive cyclization of CO₂ with 1,2-phenylenediamine to afford 1H-benzo[d]imidazole. A linear correlation was observed between the catalytic performance (in terms of turnover frequencies) and the sp. surface area of PS/MOFs at a low conversion level of 1,2-phenylenediamine. The authors’ theor. study revealed significantly reduced energy barriers from 2.03 eV under catalyst-free conditions to 0.97 eV in the presence of the catalyst. The developed PS/MOFs can efficiently promote a broad range of benzimidazoles in 88-99% yields through reductive cyclization. Moreover, the PS/MOFs can readily catalyze N-formylation of various monoamines with CO₂ as the carbonyl source for quant. syntheses of N-formamides. The research thus highlights MOF-based catalysts for organocatalytic transformation of CO₂ into high value-added chems.

COA of Formula: C6H7BrN2, 4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene can be obtained from 1,2-diaminobenzene via acetylation followed by bromination and alkaline hydrolysis.
4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine, also known as 4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C6H7BrN2 and its molecular weight is 187.04 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene is a dye that is used in diagnostic
procedures to detect the presence of amide groups. 4-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene can be used as an inhibitor for cationic polymerization reactions. It also has tuberculostatic activity and inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This compound reacts with aniline to form a benzimidazole derivative that contains a reactive amine group. The reaction between this amine group and different electrophiles generates benzimidazole compounds with different properties that are useful in nucleophilic attack reactions. The reaction between 4-bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene and methyl ethyl sulfide produces a luminescent probe that can be used to detect hydrogen bonds., 1575-37-7.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Vinyl bromides undergo the Heck reaction, which involves C-C coupling with alkene to give substituted alkenes. 244205-40-1, formula is C6H6BBrO2, Name is (2-Bromophenyl)boronic acid. Methyl bromide is a precursor in the manufacture of several chemicals and is employed as a soil sterilant, mainly for seed production. SDS of cas: 244205-40-1.

Ye, Xuanzeng;Xu, Beihang;Sun, Jiani;Dai, Ling;Shao, Yinlin;Zhang, Yetong;Chen, Jiuxi research published 《 Pd-Catalyzed Approach for Assembling 9-Arylacridines via a Cascade Tandem Reaction of 2-(Arylamino)benzonitrile with Arylboronic Acids in Water》, the research content is summarized as follows. A novel palladium-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of 9-arylacridines via tandem reaction of 2-(arylamino)benzonitrile with arylboronic acids in water has been developed with good functional group tolerance. The present synthetic route could be readily scaled up to gram quantity without difficulty. This methodol. was further extended to the synthesis of a 4′-OH derivative, which showed estrogenic biol. activity. Preliminary mechanistic experiments showed that this transformation involves a nucleophilic addition of aryl palladium species to the nitrile to generate an aryl ketone intermediate followed by an intramol. Friedel-Crafts acylation and dehydration to acridines.

SDS of cas: 244205-40-1, 2-Bromophenylboronic Acid is used as an inhibitor of the hormone sensitive lipase.
2-Bromophenylboronic acid, also known as 2-Bromophenylboronic acid, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C6H6BBrO2 and its molecular weight is 200.83 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Bromophenylboronic acid is a glucose monitoring agent that has a ruthenium complex with an acidic environment. The nitro group and the amines are in close proximity to the boron center, and this proximity leads to a high nucleophilic character of the molecule. This reactivity allows 2-bromophenylboronic acid to be used as a fluorescence probe for acidic environments. 2-Bromophenylboronic acid also inhibits secretase enzymes, which are involved in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. It is an inhibitor of γ-secretase, which is responsible for cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and it has shown efficacy against biphenyl, an anticancer drug that binds to benzodiazepine receptors. 2-Bromophenylboronic acid is also an enantiopure compound because all four substituents are different from each other., 244205-40-1.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. 20469-65-2, formula is C8H9BrO2, The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane. HPLC of Formula: 20469-65-2

Yasukawa, Naoki;Yamada, Yutaro;Furugen, Chikara;Miki, Yuya;Sajiki, Hironao;Sawama, Yoshinari research published 《 Gold-Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Coupling Reaction between β-Ketoallenes and Electron-Rich Arenes to 2-Furylmethylarenes》, the research content is summarized as follows. A tandem oxidative coupling reaction of β-ketoallenes R¹C(O)CH(R²)CH=C=CH₂ (R¹ = Ph, n-nonyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, etc.; R² = H, n-pentyl; R¹R² = -(CH₂)₄-) and arenes ArH (Ar = 2,4,6-triemthoxyphenyl, 1H-indol-3-yl, 2-methoxy-9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl, etc.) was developed, which leads to the formation of 2-furylmethylarenes I using AuCl₃ and phenyliodine diacetate. The AuIII salt catalyzed the cyclization of β-ketoallenes to form a 2-furylmethyl gold intermediate, and the subsequent C-H functionalization of arenes proceeded smoothly. During the oxidative coupling, nucleophilic additions occurred at the center and terminal carbon atoms of the allene moiety to form C-O and C-C bonds.

20469-65-2, 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, also known as 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C8H9BrO2 and its molecular weight is 217.06 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene is used as an intermediate in the synthetic preparation of pharmaceutical inhibitors via cross-coupling reactions.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene can be synthesized by using 1,3-dimethoxybenzene via iridium-catalyzed arene borylation.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (1BDMB) is a synthetic molecule that can be used as an electron acceptor in organic photovoltaic cells. 1BDMB is a salt of the sodium salt of resorcylic acid and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethoxybenzene. It has been shown to have a radical mechanism for the generation of free radicals. The radical mechanism is initiated by light absorption by the ruthenium complex at the center of the molecule which induces photoinduced electron transfer from the ruthenium to 1BDMB. This process results in electron transfer from the donor to an acceptor molecule, such as oxygen or nitrogen. The pharmacokinetic properties of this compound are not well known; however, it has been demonstrated that it can be synthesized through a cross-coupling reaction with other aromatic compounds such as stemofuran., HPLC of Formula: 20469-65-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine. 20469-65-2, formula is C8H9BrO2, Name is 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, Electric Literature of 20469-65-2

Yasui, Takeshi;Yamada, Keiji;Tatsumi, Rine;Yamamoto, Yoshihiko research published 《 Cobalt/Organophotoredox Dual-Catalysis-Enabled Cascade Cyclization of 1,6-Diynyl Esters via Formal 1,8-Acyloxy Migration》, the research content is summarized as follows. Herein, a method for the generation of vinylallenes via cobalt/photoredox dual-catalysis-enabled formal 1,8-acyloxy migration of 1,6-diynyl esters was reported. An 1,8-acyloxy migration/6π-electrocyclization cascade using (hetero)aryl-substituted 1,6-diynyl esters as substrates, leading to the formation of arenol derivatives was demonstrated. Several control experiments suggested that the β-oxygen elimination of a cobaltacyclopentadiene intermediate enabled formal 1,8-acyloxy migration to generate the vinylallene. Authors also applied this method to cascade cyclizations involving [2 + 2] or [4 + 2] cycloadditions to furnish various polycyclic mols.

Electric Literature of 20469-65-2, 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, also known as 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C8H9BrO2 and its molecular weight is 217.06 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene is used as an intermediate in the synthetic preparation of pharmaceutical inhibitors via cross-coupling reactions.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene can be synthesized by using 1,3-dimethoxybenzene via iridium-catalyzed arene borylation.
1-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (1BDMB) is a synthetic molecule that can be used as an electron acceptor in organic photovoltaic cells. 1BDMB is a salt of the sodium salt of resorcylic acid and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethoxybenzene. It has been shown to have a radical mechanism for the generation of free radicals. The radical mechanism is initiated by light absorption by the ruthenium complex at the center of the molecule which induces photoinduced electron transfer from the ruthenium to 1BDMB. This process results in electron transfer from the donor to an acceptor molecule, such as oxygen or nitrogen. The pharmacokinetic properties of this compound are not well known; however, it has been demonstrated that it can be synthesized through a cross-coupling reaction with other aromatic compounds such as stemofuran., 20469-65-2.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary