Month: December 2022

Synthesis of N-alkoxyindol-2-ones by copper-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation of hydroxamates was written by Kukosha, Tatyana;Trufilkina, Nadezhda;Katkevics, Martins. And the article was included in Synlett in 2011.Synthetic Route of C7H5Br2F This article mentions the following:

The first example of copper-catalyzed intramol. N-arylation of hydroxamic acid derivatives is presented. Based on this transformation a new method for the synthesis of N-alkoxyindol-2-ones from 2-(2-bromoaryl)acetylhydroxamates has been developed. E.g., CuBr₂ catalyzed the intramol. N-arylation of hydroxamate (I) to give 91% N-methoxyindol-2-one (II). The reaction conditions tolerate standard hydroxyl protecting groups on the hydroxylamine moiety and are also applicable for the synthesis of six-membered N-alkoxybenzolactams. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylbromide (cas: 61150-57-0Synthetic Route of C7H5Br2F).

2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylbromide (cas: 61150-57-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Synthetic Route of C7H5Br2F

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Visible light-driven cross-coupling reactions of alkyl halides with phenylacetylene derivatives for C(sp³)-C(sp) bond formation catalyzed by a B₁₂ complex was written by Chen, Li;Kametani, Yohei;Imamura, Kenji;Abe, Tsukasa;Shiota, Yoshihito;Yoshizawa, Kazunari;Hisaeda, Yoshio;Shimakoshi, Hisashi. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Name: 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

Visible light-driven cross-coupling reactions of alkyl halides with phenylacetylene and its derivatives catalyzed by the cobalamin derivative (B₁₂) with the [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)₂]PF₆ photocatalyst at room temperature are reported. The robust B₁₂ catalyst and Ir photocatalyst provided high turnover numbers of over 33,000 for the reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Name: 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Name: 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of bivalent organophosphorus compounds as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors was written by Yang, Guoquan;Zhao, Qianfei;Li, Yonghong;Yuan, Huizhu;Mei, Xiangdong;Ning, Jun. And the article was included in Organic Preparations and Procedures International in 2008.Product Details of 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Preparation and insecticidal activity of some organophosphorus compounds, e.g. (EtO)₂P(S)S-(CH₂)_n-SP(S)(OEt)₂ (n = 4-10) is described. Some phthalimide substituted compounds were also prepared and tested for their biol. activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Product Details of 954-81-4).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Product Details of 954-81-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Fine Tuning Alkyl Substituents on Dithienoquinoxaline-Based Wide-Bandgap Polymer Donors for Organic Photovoltaics was written by Busireddy, Manohar Reddy;Chen, Tsung-Wei;Huang, Sheng-Ci;Nie, Hebing;Su, Yi-Jia;Chuang, Chih-Ting;Kuo, Pei-Jung;Chen, Jiun-Tai;Hsu, Chain-Shu. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

The mol. design of wide-bandgap conjugated polymer donors (WB-CPDs) is a promising strategy for tuning the bulk heterojunction blend film morphologies to achieve high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Herein, we synthesize two WB-CPDs, namely, PBQ-H and PBQ-M, with and without Me groups on the fused-dithieno[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline (DTQx) moiety. We systematically investigate their structure-property relationship and OPV performances. The AFM and 2D grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) studies reveal that the PBQ-H:BO-4Cl BHJ blend shows strengthened aggregation behavior and stronger π-π stacking on face-on orientation compared with the PBQ-M:BO-4Cl BHJ blend, enhancing the phase separation, charge transport, and fill factor (FF). Blend film absorption spectra, however, show that the PBQ-H:BO-4Cl BHJ blend exhibits a lower absorption coefficient than that of the PBQ-M:BO-4Cl BHJ blend, which decreases the short-circuit c.d. (J_SC). As a consequence, the optimized PBQ-H:BO-4Cl BHJ blend delivers a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.88% with a J_SC of 23.97 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.86 V, and an FF of 62.46%, compared with the PBQ-M:BO-4Cl BHJ blend (PCE of 11.81% with a J_SC of 24.78 mA/cm², a V_OC of 0.85 V, and an FF of 56.11%). Overall, this work demonstrates that alkyl group substitution on the DTQx moiety on the basis of WB-CPDs is critical for controlling the film morphol. and thus obtaining high OPV performances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5HPLC of Formula: 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.HPLC of Formula: 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The action of ethyl chlorofumarate on monoalkylmalonic esters was written by Ruhemann, Siegfried. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions in 1902.Recommanded Product: 2178-24-7 This article mentions the following:

This study aims to prepare alkyl derivatives of aconitic acid, and to evaluate them on the same lines as aconitic acid itself. Although the actions of ethyl chlorofumarate on the sodium derivative of ethyl malonate does not yield ethyl carboxyaconitate but ethyl trimethylenetetracarboxylate, nevertheless such a transformation of the unsaturated grouping into the trimethylene compounds is excluded if, instead of ethyl malonate, its monoalkyl derivatives are used. The treatment of ethyl chlorofumarate with ethyl sodiomethylmalonate, 50% of ethyl methylcarboxyaconitate are produced, but the yields are as small as 6%, on using the phenyl or benzyl derivatives of malonic ester. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7Recommanded Product: 2178-24-7).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Recommanded Product: 2178-24-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

One-pot aromatic bromination-rearrangement catalyzed by GaCl₃ was written by Arisawa, Mieko;Suwa, Atsushi;Ashikawa, Masanori;Yamaguchi, Masahiko. And the article was included in ARKIVOC (Gainesville, FL, United States) in 2003.Formula: C8H8Br2 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of monoalkylbenzenes with bromine in the presence of a catalytic amount of GaCl₃ (5 mol %) initially gives o/p-bromination products, which are converted into mixtures containing considerable amounts of the m-brominated products. Notably, the bromination of dimethyl-, trimethyl-, and tetramethylbenzenes gives dibromo- and/or tribromoarenes, which are converted into monobromoarenes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2Formula: C8H8Br2).

2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Formula: C8H8Br2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Evaluation of Acridine Orange Derivatives as DNA-Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals for Auger Therapy: Influence of the Radionuclide and Distance to DNA was written by Pereira, Edgar;do Quental, Leticia;Palma, Elisa;Oliveira, Maria Cristina;Mendes, Filipa;Raposinho, Paula;Correia, Isabel;Lavrado, Joao;Di Maria, Salvatore;Belchior, Ana;Vaz, Pedro;Santos, Isabel;Paulo, Antonio. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2017.Synthetic Route of C13H14BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

A new family of ^99mTc(I)- tricarbonyl complexes and ¹²⁵I-heteroaromatic compounds bearing an acridine orange (AO) DNA targeting unit was evaluated for Auger therapy. Characterization of the DNA interaction, performed with the non-radioactive Re and ¹²⁷I congeners, confirmed that all compounds act as DNA intercalators. Both classes of compounds induce double strand breaks (DSB) in plasmid DNA but the extent of DNA damage is strongly dependent on the linker between the Auger emitter (^99mTc or ¹²⁵I) and the AO moiety. The in vitro evaluation was complemented with mol. docking studies and Monte Carlo simulations of the energy deposited at the nanometric scale, which corroborated the exptl. data. Two of the tested compounds, ¹²⁵I-C₅ and ^99mTc-C₃, place the corresponding radionuclide at similar distances to DNA and produce comparable DSB yields in plasmid and cellular DNA. These results provide the first evidence that ^99mTc can induce DNA damage with similar efficiency to that of ¹²⁵I, when both are positioned at comparable distances to the double helix. Furthermore, the high nuclear retention of ^99mTc-C₃ in tumoral cells suggests that ^99mTc-labeled AO derivatives are more promising for the design of Auger-emitting radiopharmaceuticals than the ¹²⁵I-labeled congeners. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Synthetic Route of C13H14BrNO2).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Synthetic Route of C13H14BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Effects of Thiolate Ligation in Monoiron Hydrogenase (Hmd): Stability of the {Fe(CO)₂}²⁺ Core with NNS Ligands was written by Xie, Zhu-Lin;Pennington, Doran L.;Boucher, Dylan G.;Lo, James;Rose, Michael J.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2018.Reference of 827-24-7 This article mentions the following:

In this work, we report the effects of NNS-thiolate ligands and nuclearity (monomer, dimer) on the stability of iron complexes related to the active site of mono-iron hydrogenase (Hmd, or “hydrogen-forming methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase”). A thermally stable iron(II) dicarbonyl motif is the core feature of the active site, but the coordination features that lead to this property have not been independently evaluated for their contributions to the {Fe(CO)2}2+ stability. As such, non-bulky and bulky benzothiazoline ligands (thiolate precursors) have been synthesized and their iron(II) complexes characterized. The use of non-bulky thiolate ligands and low temperature crystallization result in isolation of the dimeric species [(NNS)2Fe2(CO)2(I)2] (1), [(NPhNS)2Fe2(CO)2(I)2] (2), and [(MeNNS)2Fe2(CO)2(I)2] (3), which exhibit dimerization via thiolato (μ2-S)2 bridges. In one particular case (unsubstituted NNS ligand), the pathway of decarbonylation and oxidation from 1 has been crystallog. elucidated, via isolation of the half-bis-ligated monocarbonyl dimer [(NNS)3Fe2(CO)]I (4) and the fully decarbonylated and oxidized mononuclear [(NNS)2Fe]I (5). The transformations of dicarbonyl complexes (1, 2 and 3) to monocarbonyl complexes (4, 6 and 7) has been monitored by UV/vis, demonstrating that 1 and 3 exhibit longer t1/2 (80 min and 75 min, resp.) than that of 2 (30 min), which can be related to the distortion of the ligand backbone. DFT calculations of isolated complexes and putative intermediates were used to corroborate the exptl. observed UV/vis and IR spectra. Finally, dimerization was prevented using a bulky ligand featuring a 2,6-dimethylphenyl substituent, which affords mononuclear iron dicarbonyl complex, [(NPhNSDMPh)Fe(CO)2Br] (8), identified by IR and NMR spectroscopies. The dicarbonyl complex decomposes to the decarbonylated [(NPhNSDMPh)2Fe] (9) within minutes at room temperature Overall, the work herein demonstrates that the thiolate moiety does not improve thermal stability to the {Fe(CO)2}2+ unit formed in the active site. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-nitroaniline (cas: 827-24-7Reference of 827-24-7).

2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-nitroaniline (cas: 827-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Reference of 827-24-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Reveal New Astemizole Analogues Active against Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro was written by Mambwe, Dickson;Kumar, Malkeet;Ferger, Richard;Taylor, Dale;Njoroge, Mathew;Coertzen, Dina;Reader, Janette;van der Watt, Mariette;Birkholtz, Lyn-Marie;Chibale, Kelly. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.Quality Control of 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

In the context of drug repositioning and expanding the existing structure-activity relationship around astemizole (AST), a new series of analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiplasmodium activity. Among 46 analogs tested, compounds 21, 30, and 33 displayed high activities against asexual blood stage parasites (PfNF54 IC₅₀ = 0.025-0.043μM), whereas amide compound 46 addnl. showed activity against late-stage gametocytes (stage IV/V; PfLG IC₅₀ = 0.6 ± 0.1μM) and 860-fold higher selectivity over hERG (46, SI = 43) compared to AST. Several analogs displaying high solubility (Sol > 100μM) and low cytotoxicity in the Chinese hamster ovary (SI > 148) cell line have also been identified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Quality Control of 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Quality Control of 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Metabolism of ο-, m-, and p-fluoro, bromo-, and iodonitrobenzenes in the rabbit was written by Bray, H. G.;James, Sybil P.;Thorpe, W. V.. And the article was included in Biochemical Journal in 1958.Application of 74440-80-5 This article mentions the following:

The metabolism of ο-, m-, and p-fluoro-, ο-, m-, and p-bromo-, and ο-, m-, and p-iodonitrobenzenes has been studied in the rabbit. The ortho and para compounds form mercapturic acids (over 30% of the dose with the fluoro and ο-bromo compounds), but the meta compounds do not. Except with p-fluoronitrobenzene (less than 10%) about 30-60% of the dose is excreted as phenols conjugated with glucuronic and sulfuric acids; except with p-bromo- and p-iodonitrobenzenes (30%) less than 10% of the dose is excreted as the corresponding anilines. The main phenolic metabolite of p-fluoronitrobenzene is p-aminophenol. ο- and m-Fluoronitrobenzenes also probably undergo hydroxyldefluorination. Apart from hydroxyldehalogenation in the fluoro compounds the metabolic fate of the fluoro-, bromo-, and iodonitrobenzenes is, in general, qualitatively similar to that of the corresponding chloro compounds (Bray, et al., C.A. 50, 17144g). Other metabolites isolated in smaller quantities were as follows: N-acetyl-S-(2-nitrophenyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-cysteine, p- and m-fluoroanilines, 4-amino-2-fluorophenol, ο- and m-bromoanilines, 4-amino-3- and 4-amino-2-bromophenols, 2-amino-4-, 2-amino-5-, 2-amino-6-bromophenols, ο-, m-, and p-iodoanilines, 4-amino-3- and 2-amino-5-iodophenols. The R_f values of the various metabolites in several solvent mixtures have been determined and recorded. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5Application of 74440-80-5).

4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Application of 74440-80-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary