Month: December 2022

A Practical Route to Substituted 7-Aminoindoles from Pyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes was written by Outlaw, Victor K.;Townsend, Craig A.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.Safety of 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Among privileged structures, indoles occupy a central place in medicinal chem. and alkaloid research. Here we report a flexible and efficient conversion of pyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes to substituted 7-amino-5-cyanoindoles. Phosphine addition to fumaronitrile proceeds with prototropic rearrangement of the initially formed zwitterion to the thermodynamically favored phosphonium ylide, which is poised for in situ Wittig olefination. The predominantly E-alkene product positions the allylic nitrile for facile intramol. Houben-Hoesch reaction in the presence of BF₃·OEt₂. Syntheses of 2,5- and 3,5-disubstituted 7-aminoindoles are illustrated. Addnl., dianion alkylation of the allylic nitrile is demonstrated to furnish, after cyclization, 5,6-disubstituted 7-aminoindoles to further exemplify this scalable and high-yielding method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde (cas: 881676-32-0Safety of 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde).

5-Bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde (cas: 881676-32-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Safety of 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Novel Pyrrolopyridone Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Motif (BET) Inhibitors Effective in Endocrine-Resistant ER+ Breast Cancer with Acquired Resistance to Fulvestrant and Palbociclib was written by Li, Yangfeng;Zhao, Jiong;Gutgesell, Lauren M.;Shen, Zhengnan;Ratia, Kiira;Dye, Katherine;Dubrovskyi, Oleksii;Zhao, Huiping;Huang, Fei;Tonetti, Debra A.;Thatcher, Gregory R. J.;Xiong, Rui. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Reference of 83902-02-7 This article mentions the following:

Acquired resistance to fulvestrant and palbociclib is a new challenge to treatment of estrogen receptor pos. (ER+) breast cancer. ER is expressed in most resistance settings; thus, bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitors (BETi) that target BET-amplified ER-mediated transcription have therapeutic potential. Novel pyrrolopyridone BETi leveraged novel interactions with L92/L94 confirmed by a cocrystal structure of 27 with BRD4. Optimization of BETi using growth inhibition in fulvestrant-resistant (MCF-7:CFR) cells was confirmed in endocrine-resistant, palbociclib-resistant, and ESR1 mutant cell lines. 27 was more potent in MCF-7:CFR cells than six BET inhibitors in clin. trials. Transcriptomic anal. differentiated 27 from the benchmark BETi, JQ-1, showing downregulation of oncogenes and upregulation of tumor suppressors and apoptosis. The therapeutic approach was validated by oral administration of 27 in orthotopic xenografts of endocrine-resistant breast cancer in monotherapy and in combination with fulvestrant. Importantly, at an equivalent dose in rats, thrombocytopenia was mitigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7Reference of 83902-02-7).

2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Reference of 83902-02-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

N-Benzyl-4-((heteroaryl)methyl)benzamides: A New Class of Direct NADH-Dependent 2-trans Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (InhA) Inhibitors with Antitubercular Activity was written by Guardia, Ana;Gulten, Gulcin;Fernandez, Raquel;Gomez, Jesus;Wang, Feng;Convery, Maire;Blanco, Delia;Martinez, Maria;Perez-Herran, Esther;Alonso, Marta;Ortega, Fatima;Rullas, Joaquin;Calvo, David;Mata, Lydia;Young, Robert;Sacchettini, James C.;Mendoza-Losana, Alfonso;Remuinan, Modesto;Ballell Pages, Lluis;Castro-Pichel, Julia. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2016.HPLC of Formula: 6515-58-8 This article mentions the following:

Isoniazid (INH) remains one of the cornerstones of antitubercular chemotherapy for drug-sensitive strains of M. tuberculosis bacteria. However, the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains containing mutations in the KatG enzyme, which is responsible for the activation of INH into its antitubercular form, have rendered this drug of little or no use in many cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Presented herein is a novel family of antitubercular direct NADH-dependent 2-trans enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors based on an N-benzyl-4-((heteroaryl)methyl)benzamide template; unlike INH, these do not require prior activation by KatG. Given their direct InhA target engagement, these compounds should be able to circumvent KatG-related resistance in the clinic. The lead mols. were shown to be potent inhibitors of InhA and showed activity against M. tuberculosis bacteria. This new family of inhibitors was found to be chem. tractable, as exemplified by the facile synthesis of analogs and the establishment of structure-activity relationships. Furthermore, a co-crystal structure of the initial hit with the enzyme is disclosed, providing valuable information toward the design of new InhA inhibitors for the treatment of MDR/XDR tuberculosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8HPLC of Formula: 6515-58-8).

3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.HPLC of Formula: 6515-58-8

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Enantioselective Organocopper-Catalyzed Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction through in Situ Oxidation of Ethers into Enol Ethers was written by Yesilcimen, Ahmet;Jiang, Na-Chuan;Gottlieb, Felix H.;Wasa, Masayuki. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Related Products of 4457-67-4 This article mentions the following:

A catalytic method for the enantio- and diastereoselective union of alkyl ethers R¹CH₂CH₂OR² (R¹ = H, CH₂Si(Me)₃, Ph, 1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl, etc.; R² = CH₃, CD₃) and heterodienes R³CH=CHC(O)C(O)OR⁴ (R³ = Me, Ph, 4-bromophenyl, 4-methoxy Ph, 1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl ; R⁴ = Et, prop-2-en-1-yl) was disclosed. A chiral Cu-BOX complex that catalyzes the efficient oxidation of ethers into enol ethers in the presence of trityl acetate has been demonstrated. Then, the organocopper promotes stereoselective hetero Diels-Alder reaction between the in situ generated enol ethers and β,β-unsaturated ketoesters, allowing for rapid access to an array of dihydropyran derivatives endo/exo I and II possessing three vicinal stereogenic centers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Related Products of 4457-67-4).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Related Products of 4457-67-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Methoxy-derivatization of alkyl chains increases the in vivo efficacy of cationic Mn porphyrins. Synthesis, characterization, SOD-like activity, and SOD-deficient E. coli study of meta Mn(III) N-methoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins was written by Tovmasyan, Artak G.;Rajic, Zrinka;Spasojevic, Ivan;Reboucas, Julio S.;Chen, Xin;Salvemini, Daniela;Sheng, Huaxin;Warner, David S.;Benov, Ludmil;Batinic-Haberle, Ines. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2011.Quality Control of 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane This article mentions the following:

Cationic Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins (MnPs) are potent SOD mimics and peroxynitrite scavengers and diminish oxidative stress in a variety of animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injuries, cancer, radiation, diabetes, etc. Recently, properties other than antioxidant potency, such as lipophilicity, size, shape, and bulkiness, which influence the bioavailability and the toxicity of MnPs, have been addressed as they affect their in vivo efficacy and therapeutic utility. Porphyrin bearing longer alkyl substituents at pyridyl ring, MnTnHex-2-PyP⁵⁺, is more lipophilic, thus more efficacious in vivo, particularly in CNS injuries, than the shorter alkyl-chained analog, MnTE-2-PyP⁵⁺. Its enhanced lipophilicity allows it to accumulate in mitochondria (relative to cytosol) and to cross the blood-brain barrier to a much higher extent than MnTE-2-PyP⁵⁺. Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins of longer alkyl chains, however, bear micellar character, and when used at higher levels, become toxic. Recently we showed that meta isomers are ∼10-fold more lipophilic than ortho species, which enhances their cellular accumulation, and thus reportedly compensates for their somewhat inferior SOD-like activity. Herein, we modified the alkyl chains of the lipophilic meta compound, MnTnHex-3-PyP⁵⁺via introduction of a methoxy group, to diminish its toxicity (and/or enhance its efficacy), while maintaining high SOD-like activity and lipophilicity. We compared the lipophilic Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-(6′-methoxyhexyl)pyridinium-3-yl)porphyrin, MnTMOHex-3-PyP⁵⁺, to a hydrophilic Mn(iii) meso-tetrakis(N-(2′-methoxyethyl)pyridinium-3-yl)porphyrin, MnTMOE-3-PyP⁵⁺. The compounds were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental anal., electrochem., and ability to dismute O₂√^–. Also, the lipophilicity was characterized by thin-layer chromatog. retention factor, R_f. The SOD-like activities and metal-centered reduction potentials for the Mn^IIIP/Mn^IIP redox couple were similar-to-identical to those of N-alkylpyridyl analogs: log k_cat = 6.78, and E_1/2 = +68 mV vs. NHE (MnTMOHex-3-PyP⁵⁺), and log k_cat = 6.72, and E_1/2 = +64 mV vs. NHE (MnTMOE-3-PyP⁵⁺). The compounds were tested in a superoxide-specific in vivo model: aerobic growth of SOD-deficient E. coli, JI132. Both MnTMOHex-3-PyP⁵⁺ and MnTMOE-3-PyP⁵⁺ were more efficacious than their alkyl analogs. MnTMOE-3-PyP⁵⁺ is further significantly more efficacious than the most explored compound in vivo, MnTE-2-PyP⁵⁺. Such a beneficial effect of MnTMOE-3-PyP⁵⁺ on diminished toxicity, improved efficacy and transport across the cell wall may originate from the favorable interplay of the size, length of pyridyl substituents, rotational flexibility (the ortho isomer, MnTE-2-PyP⁵⁺, is more rigid, while MnTMOE-3-PyP⁵⁺ is a more flexible meta isomer), bulkiness and presence of oxygen. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5Quality Control of 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane).

1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Quality Control of 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

An Alkyloxyphenyl Group as a Sterically Hindered Substituent on a Triphenylamine Donor Dye for Effective Recombination Inhibition in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells was written by Murakami, Takurou N.;Koumura, Nagatoshi;Yoshida, Eri;Funaki, Takashi;Takano, Shingo;Kimura, Mutsumi;Mori, Shogo. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2016.Reference of 615-55-4 This article mentions the following:

Recombination reactions in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) may substantially decrease the open-circuit voltage (V_oc) with cobalt complex redox electrolyte. Managing steric hindrance in the dye structure is necessary to inhibit recombination reactions and thereby increase the V_oc and achieve high power-conversion efficiency (PCE). New dyes with large-sized donors based on triphenylamine and modified with 4-(hexyloxy)phenyl groups were developed to identify an effective inhibitor for the recombination reaction in DSSCs with a cobalt complex redox electrolyte. The 4-(hexyloxy)phenyl tetra-adducts dye MK-123 effectively inhibited the recombination reaction, and the DSSC fabricated using this dye exhibited the highest V_oc (greater than 900 mV) among the cells with the investigated dyes. However, the short-circuit current (J_sc) of the MK-123 cell was lower than that of the cell with the simple triphenylamine donor dye, MK-89. In contrast, the cell with bis-adducts dye MK-136 also exhibited an increase in its V_oc without a decrease in its J_sc. Among the investigated dyes, MK-136 exhibited the highest PCE of 8.9%. The effects of the steric hindrance of the 4-(hexyloxy)phenyl substituent are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4Reference of 615-55-4).

3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Reference of 615-55-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and chemoselective ligations of MIDA acylboronates with O-Me hydroxylamines was written by Noda, Hidetoshi;Bode, Jeffrey W.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2014.COA of Formula: C9H11BrO This article mentions the following:

N-Methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) acylboronates undergo chemoselective amide-bond forming ligations in water with O-Me hydroxylamines, including unprotected peptide substrates. These bench-stable boronates were easily prepared from potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) in one step. The reactivity of MIDA acylboronates with O-alkylhydroxylamines – which are unreactive with KATs – was attributed to the nature of the neutral MIDA boronates vs. the ionic KATs, leading to differences in the stability of likely intermediates and propensity for elimination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0COA of Formula: C9H11BrO).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.COA of Formula: C9H11BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Discovery of N-ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide derivatives as a novel scaffold for orally active γ-secretase modulators was written by Sekioka, Ryuichi;Honda, Shugo;Honjo, Eriko;Suzuki, Takayuki;Akashiba, Hiroki;Mitani, Yasuyuki;Yamasaki, Shingo. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Reference of 179232-29-2 This article mentions the following:

Gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) are promising disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer’s disease because they can selectively decrease pathogenic amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) levels. Here we report the discovery of orally active N-ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide derivatives as GSMs. The isoindolinone moiety of 5-[8-(benzyloxy)-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-2-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one hydrogen chloride (1a) was replaced with a picolinamide moiety. Optimization of the benzyl group significantly improved GSM activity and mouse microsomal stability. 5-{8-[([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl}-N-ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide hydrogen chloride (1v) potently reduced Aβ42 levels with an IC₅₀ value of 0.091μM in cultured cells without inhibiting CYP3A4. Moreover, 1v demonstrated a sustained pharmacokinetic profile and significantly reduced brain Aβ42 levels in mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2Reference of 179232-29-2).

Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Reference of 179232-29-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide derivatives as potential antitrypanosomal drugs. Structure-activity relationships. Part II was written by Aguirre, Gabriela;Cerecetto, Hugo;Di Maio, Rossanna;Gonzalez, Mercedes;Porcal, Williams;Seoane, Gustavo;Ortega, Miguel A.;Aldana, Ignacio;Monge, Antonio;Denicola, Ana. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 2002.HPLC of Formula: 827-24-7 This article mentions the following:

The preparation of new derivatives of benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide is described. These derivatives were chosen to investigate and confirm previous structural features found necessary to display an adequate antitrypanosomal activity. The compounds synthesized were tested in vitro against epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. The presence of a bromine atom in the benzo system produced compounds less active than the corresponding de-halo analogs. However, 5-(bromomethyl)-7-bromobenzo[1,2-c]oxadiazole N-oxide was the most cytotoxic compound against T. cruzi. For this, the 50% ID was determined, it was of the same order as that of Nifurtimox. From statistical anal., a relationship between lipophilic-hydrophilic balance of the derivatives with their effectiveness as antichagasic compounds could be established. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-nitroaniline (cas: 827-24-7HPLC of Formula: 827-24-7).

2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-nitroaniline (cas: 827-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.HPLC of Formula: 827-24-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Monohalogenphenols was written by Wohlleben, William J.. And the article was included in Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft in 1910.Application of 35065-86-2 This article mentions the following:

o-Chlorophenyl acetate, ClC₆H₄OAc; colorless, concentric prisms, m. -20.5 to -19.5°; b₁₅ 103°; d₄²⁰ 1.2166. m-Nitrobenzoate, bundles of colorless prisms, m. 98°. m-Chlorophenyl acetate, colorless needles, m. -1.5 to -0.5°; b₂₁ 116.5°; d₄²⁰ 1.2209. Benzoate, lustrous prisms, m. 71-2°. m-Nitrobenzoate, colorless, concentric needles, m. 94-5°. Ethyl ether, b₇₁₇ 204-5°; d₄²⁰ 1.1712. 2-Chloro-4-hydroxyazobenzene, HOC₆H₃ClN : NPh, from benzenediazonium chloride and Na m-chlorophenolate; lustrous, orange-red needles, m. 114-5°. p-Chlorophenyl acetate, long needles, m. 7-8°; b_12.5 108°; d₄²⁰ 1.2248. m-Nitrobenzoate, silky lustrous, concentric needles, m. 124.5°. All 3 chlorophenols dissolve in excess of concentrate, aqueous Na₂CO₃, at the ordinary temperature Com. o-chloro-and bromophenols contain quantities of PhOH. o-Bromophenyl acetate, BrC₆H₄OAc, water-clear oil with an ethereal odor, b₂₅ 147-50°; d₂₀⁴ 1.4924. m-Bromophenyl acetate resembles the o-derivative; b40 149° d₄²⁰ 1.5478. Benzoate, microscopic, rhombic plates, m. 86°. p-Bromophenyl acetate, colorless needles, m. 21.5°; b₂₅ 128°. Benzoate, prepared by the Schotten-Baumann method; m. 104°. Contrary to the statements of others it dissolves readily in C₆H₆, at the ordinary temperature p-Iodophenol, m. 93-4°. Acetate, colorless plates, m. 32-2.5°. Benzoate, colorless needles from ligroin, hexagonal or rhombic plates from acetone +H₂O, m. II8.5-9.5°. m-Nitrobenzoate, bundles of hair-like needles, resembling glass wool; m. 120-1°. Phenylsulphonate, bundles of long, white, silky lustrous needles, m. 52-3°, previously softening. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2Application of 35065-86-2).

3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Application of 35065-86-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary