Month: December 2022

Dougherty, Geoffrey published the artcileThe unwinding of circular DNA by intercalating agents as determined by gel electrophoresis, SDS of cas: 518-67-2, the publication is Bioscience Reports (1983), 3(5), 453-60, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An accurate and precise method is described to determine the unwinding angle of the circular DNA helix of plasmid pBR322/RcβG by ethidium bromide and other intercalating agents of electrophoresis in 1.4% agarose gels containing chloroquine, followed by densitometry of the photog. negs. of the gels. Under the electrophoresis conditions used, native (form I) DNA and partially relaxed samples, running faster or slower than it, were resolved. Contaminating nicked (form II) DNA did not interfere, since it was clearly separated during electrophoresis.

Bioscience Reports published new progress about 518-67-2. 518-67-2 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Salt,Amine,Benzene, name is Dimidium bromide, and the molecular formula is C20H18BrN3, SDS of cas: 518-67-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Dougherty, G. published the artcileA comparison of the base-pair specificities of three phenanthridine drugs using solution spectroscopy, Safety of Dimidium bromide, the publication is International Journal of Biochemistry (1982), 14(6), 493-504, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Absorption spectra of ethidium  [1239-45-8], dimidium  [518-67-2], and prothidium bromides  [14222-46-9] bound to natural DNAs of differing G-C content were obtained using a novel mixing scheme and analyzed according to the excluded site binding model. Ethidium bromide showed a strong G-C specificity at low binding ratios, especially at low ionic concentration Dimidium bromide showed a less strong G-C specificity. For both drugs, the binding site size reflected a situation close to nearest-neighbor exclusion. Prothidium bromide showed no specificity in its binding. The binding modes were different than for the other 2 phenanthridines, suggesting that the primary mode is sideways intercalation.

International Journal of Biochemistry published new progress about 518-67-2. 518-67-2 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Salt,Amine,Benzene, name is Dimidium bromide, and the molecular formula is C20H18BrN3, Safety of Dimidium bromide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Craig, Sandra published the artcileSynthesis and evaluation of aryl boronic acids as fluorescent artificial receptors for biological carbohydrates, Synthetic Route of 166821-88-1, the publication is Bioorganic Chemistry (2012), 137-142, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Carbohydrates in various forms play a vital role in numerous critical biol. processes. The detection of such saccharides can give insight into the progression of such diseases such as cancer. Boronic acids react with 1,2 and 1,3 diols of saccharides in non-aqueous or basic aqueous media. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and evaluation of three bisboronic acid fluorescent probes, each having about ten linear steps in its synthesis. Among these compounds that were evaluated, 9b was shown to selectively label HepG2, liver carcinoma cell line within a concentration range of 0.5-10 μM in comparison to COS-7, a normal fibroblast cell line.

Bioorganic Chemistry published new progress about 166821-88-1. 166821-88-1 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Bromide,Boronic acid and ester,Benzyl bromide,Benzene,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester, name is 2-(2-(Bromomethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, and the molecular formula is C12H16BBrO2, Synthetic Route of 166821-88-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Cal, Dariusz published the artcileA convenient synthesis of ω-hydrazinoalkylphosphonic acids, Recommanded Product: Diethyl (bromomethyl)phosphonate, the publication is Tetrahedron Letters (2016), 57(1), 126-128, database is CAplus.

A simple, efficient, and cost effective method has been developed for the synthesis of ω-hydrazinoalkylphosphonic acids via the nucleophilic substitution reaction of di-Et ω-haloalkylphosphonates and hydrazine using mild reaction conditions, followed by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about 66197-72-6. 66197-72-6 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Diethyl (bromomethyl)phosphonate, and the molecular formula is C5H12BrO3P, Recommanded Product: Diethyl (bromomethyl)phosphonate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Cakmak, Osman published the artcileBromination of naphthalene. Preparation of 1,3-dibromonaphthalene, Quality Control of 52358-73-3, the publication is Journal of Chemical Research, Synopses (1999), 366-367, database is CAplus.

Photobromination of naphthalene with mol. bromine gives only one stereoisomer, 1α,2β,3α,4β-tetrabromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (I) in 90% yield; dehydrobromination of I results in the formation of 1,3-dibromonaphthalene in 88% yield.

Journal of Chemical Research, Synopses published new progress about 52358-73-3. 52358-73-3 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Bromide,Naphthalene, name is 1,3-Dibromonaphthalene, and the molecular formula is C10H6Br2, Quality Control of 52358-73-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Cade, J. A. published the artcileMethylenediphosphonates and related compounds. I. Synthesis from methylene halides, Synthetic Route of 66197-72-6, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society (1959), 2266-72, database is CAplus.

Two established methods for preparing Et methylenediphosphonates were extended to allyl systems, but with limited success. Only 1 method gave a product suitable for the preparation of resins for complex formation with metals. The yield of saturated alkyl esters was improved, and some new esters containing P were described. Diethyl chloromethylphosphonate (I) was prepared from the acid chloride, which was obtained from PCl₃ and paraformaldehyde. AlBr₃ (280 g.) and 272 g. PBr₃ treated portionwise with 500 cc. CH₂Br₂ with cooling, the mixture refluxed 2 hrs., the bulk of the CH₂Br₂ distilled, the residual sirup solidified, added in lumps to 1.2 l. CH₂Cl₂, at -20°, 160 cc. H₂O added dropwise, the precipitate collected, washed, the filtrate and washings distilled and degassed and the residue distilled gave pure bromomethylphosphonyl dibromide (II), b₇ 118-20°, n²⁰_D 1.512. Na (4.6 g.) in 100 cc. CH₂:CHCH₂OH treated at 0° with 32.4 g. diallyl phosphite, 26.8 g. CH₂I₂ added during 0.5 hr., the solution warmed 2 hrs. at 60°, the bulk of the alc. removed, the residual volatile matter removed at 60°/0.1 mm., the combined distillate and trap contents treated with H₂O, the insoluble material dried, and distilled gave 16 g. CH₂:CHCH₂I, b. 98-102°; S-thiuronium picrate, m. 154-6°, and 4.2 g. CH₂I₂, b₂₅ 79-82°, d²⁰ 3.32. The pasty residue (43 g.) washed with 1:1 Me₂CO-Et₂O and recrystallized gave 15 g. symmetrical di-Na diallyl methylenediphosphonate (III), m. 209-11° (MeOH-Et₂O). The washings treated with H₂O and the oil distilled gave 6.5 g. diallyl allylphosphonate (IV), b_0.5 75-8°, n²⁰_D 1.4614. Na diallyl phosphonate prepared as described above from 4.6 g. Na and 32.4 g. diallyl H phosphite in allyl alc., the dry product in 200 cc. PhMe distilled with removal of 100 cc. PhMe, the process repeated, the solution treated during 0.5 hr. at 0° with 17.5 g. CH₂Br₂ gave III. The process was unreliable. CH₂Cl₂ gave similar results, and addition of quinol also did not give reliable reactions. III (9 g.) refluxed 3 hrs. with 80 cc. constant boiling HBr, the mixture distilled 3.8 g. allyl bromide removed, the residual sirup treated with more acid and 4.9 g. NaBr removed, the filtrate evaporated, treated with 50 cc. alc., filtered, and evaporated gave 1.5 g. methylenediphosphonic acid, m. 201° (tert-BuOH). Et₃PO₄ (425 g.) and 311 g. CH₂I₂ were heated together under a column. At 148° a reaction set in and the temperature rose spontaneously to 200°; a liquid distilled and the temperature remained at 190-200° until distillation ceased. The residue on repeated distillation gave 263.6 g. diethyl ethylphosphonate (V), b_0.1 43-5°, n²⁰_D 1.4150, 56.3 g. diethyl iodomethylphosphonate (VI), b_0.2 90-100°, 81.2 g. tetraethyl methylenediphosphonate (VII), b_0.5 122-8°, n²⁰_D 1.4300, and mixed fractions and residues. The primary distillate was combined and after treatment with dilute HCl and drying gave 68.6 g. EtI, b. 70-3°, 18.9 g. mixed fraction, and 45.8 g. recovered CH₂I₂. Et₃PO₄ (183 g.) and 134 g. CH₂I₂ mixed at 185°, the rate of addition adjusted so that distillation occurred steadily and heating continued 10 min. gave products consisting of 128 g. EtI, 27.5 g. crude V, 82 g. crude VI, and 32.3 g. residue. The foregoing procedure with 83 g. Et₃PO₄ and 200 g. CH₂I₂ gave 74 g. EtI, 68 g. CH₂I₂, and 120 g. VI. The residue of 11 g. contained no iodine but pure VII was not obtained from it. Et₃PO₄ (33.2 g.) and 27.8 g. VI heated to 160° and finally to 180° (when liquid began to distil), and the temperature held 1 hr. at 195° gave a distillate containing 2 g. EtI contaminated with Et₃PO₄. The reaction mixture gave 4.6 g. forerun containing Et₃PO₄, 29.0 g. V, and 13.5 g. VI. Pure VII was not obtained from the residues. Et₃PO₄ (33.9 g.) added at 220° to 37.6 g. VI (the final temperature was 240°) gave a product containing 17.6 g. EtI and 23 g. VII; very little VI was recovered. Et₃PO₄ (40 g.) added in 1 hr. to 44 g. diethyl bromomethylphosphonate at 220-35° (as described above for VI) gave after the usual work up 14.5 g. EtBr, 19 g. V, and 263 g. VII. Et₃PO₄ (60 g.) added to 60 g. I at such a rate that the temperature never fell below 220° (14 hrs.) 4 g. crude EtCl collected in a trap, the mixture heated a further 2 hrs., and distilled afforded 36.1 g. V, and 40.8 g. of a residue which decomposed on further heating. Methylenediphosphonic acid was not obtained by hydrolysis of this residue. (CH₂:CHCH₂)₃PO₄ (VIII) (60.6 g.) and 26.8 g. CH₂I₂ heated as above with vigorous reaction beginning at 130° and the liquid distilled (after 2 hrs. heating at 170-85° distillation ceased) gave 14.2 g. CH₂:CHCH₂I, b. 98-102°, 7.5 g. CH₂I₂, 25.5 g. IV, 12 g. diallyl iodomethylphosphonate (IX), 4 g. tetraallyl methylenediphosphonate (X), various mixed fractions, and 18 g. residue. The maximum yield of X was 12%. In one experiment 8% IX was isolated. VIII (40.4 g.) and 81 g. CH₂I₂ gave 24.8 g. IX. The following compounds were prepared by the modified procedure (compound, % yield, b.p./mm., n_D, and d given): VIII, 90-2, 34°/0.06, 1.4589, 0.999; diallyl phosphite, 70-6, 40°/0.07, 1.4478, 1.087; IV, 82, 54°/0.08, 1.4622, 1.046; diallyl chloromethylphosphonate, 60, 83°/0.15, 1.4665, 1.175; diallyl bromomethylphosphonate, 72, 76°/0.1, 1.4842, 1.373; IX, 8(41), 102°/0.1, 1.5015, 1.552; X, 12, 142°/0.1, 1.4675, 1.132; diethyl bromomethylphosphonate, 82, 121°/15, 1.4595, 1.432; tetrabutyl methylenediphosphonate, 45, 150-5°/5 × 10^-4, 1.4455, 1.041; tetrabutyl ethylenediphosphonate, 51, 175-8°/5 × 10^-4, 1.4484, 1.035.

Journal of the Chemical Society published new progress about 66197-72-6. 66197-72-6 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Diethyl (bromomethyl)phosphonate, and the molecular formula is C5H12BrO3P, Synthetic Route of 66197-72-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Buschmann, N. published the artcileDoes the two-phase titration of surfactants require a mutagenic indicator?, Recommanded Product: Dimidium bromide, the publication is Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (1995), 72(10), 1243, database is CAplus.

Appropriate safety precautions are recommended when using the indicator mixture of dimidium bromide and disulphine blue, as dimidium bromide is chem. similar to ethidium bromide which is a known mutagen. When titrating anionic surfactants, dimidium bromide is found in the aqueous phase at the end of the titration; the dye should be removed by adsorption on activated charcoal which must be disposed of according to regulatory guidelines.

Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society published new progress about 518-67-2. 518-67-2 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Salt,Amine,Benzene, name is Dimidium bromide, and the molecular formula is C20H18BrN3, Recommanded Product: Dimidium bromide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Buschmann, N. published the artcileIndicator for the two-phase titration of ionic surfactants is possibly mutagenic, Product Details of C20H18BrN3, the publication is Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse (1995), 72(11), 513, database is CAplus.

For the two-phase titration of anionic or cationic surfactants, the most frequently used indicator is a mixed indicator system consisting of dimidium bromide and Disulphine Blue. Recently, we noticed a similarity between ethidium bromide and dimidium bromide (I). Ethidium bromide is well known as a strong mutagenic and cancerogenic agent, reacting with DNA either by intercalation or external binding. The literature shows that I reacts with DNA in a similar way. When mixing aqueous solutions of DNA and I a change in the color of the solution can be observed, as well as a strong enhancement in the fluorescence intensity. Both the literature and the exptl. findings make it very likely that I shows mutagenic and cancerogenic properties that are similar to those of ethidium bromide. This estimation is shared by the USA National Cancer Institute. Up to now, only little is known about the ways of incorporation for both dyes. Ethidium bromide shows mutagenic and cancerogenic properties when coming in contact with the mucous membrane. The author has no information whether I will be incorporated if an aqueous solution is in contact with the intact epidermis. That would be the most probable way of incorporation when carrying out a two phase titration For that reason, the appropriate safety precautions should be taken when working with I: protection gloves and goggles and addnl., when working with the solid substance, dust mask. When titrating anionic surfactants, I will be found in the aqueous phase at the end of the titration The dye should be removed from the solution by adsorption on activated charcoal or on a polymeric resin like Amberlite XAD-16. After our experience an amount of 10 g activated charcoal is sufficient for the removal of I from one liter of the aqueous phase.

Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse published new progress about 518-67-2. 518-67-2 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Salt,Amine,Benzene, name is Dimidium bromide, and the molecular formula is C20H18BrN3, Product Details of C20H18BrN3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Braun, Aleksander published the artcileQuantitative determination of anionic surfactants by two-phase titration, Category: bromides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Barwniki – Srodki Pomocnicze (1979), 23(1), 16-20, database is CAplus.

The mixed indicators Disulphine Blue VN 150 [129-17-9] and 3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridine methobromide [518-67-2] gave statistically more reliable results in the determination of Na alkylarenesulfonates by acidimetric titration than only 1 indicator, e.g. cetylpyridinium bromide. The historical development of 1- and 2-indicator procedures for surfactant determinations is described. A statistical comparison of the 2 methods is given.

Barwniki – Srodki Pomocnicze published new progress about 518-67-2. 518-67-2 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Salt,Amine,Benzene, name is Dimidium bromide, and the molecular formula is C20H18BrN3, Category: bromides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Booker-Milburn, Kevin I. published the artcileTandem ring expansion-cyclization reactions: a novel method for the rapid construction of the bicyclo[5.3.0]decane ring system, Recommanded Product: (4-Bromobut-1-yn-1-yl)trimethylsilane, the publication is Synlett (1992), 809-10, database is CAplus.

Treatment of the cyclopropyl silyl ether I with ferric chloride in DMF gave the 5,7-bicyclic chloro ketone II via a tandem free radical ring expansion-cyclization sequence. The acetylenic derivatives III (R = SiMe₃, CO₂Me) underwent the same expansion-cyclization sequence to yield similar 5,7-carbocycles.

Synlett published new progress about 69361-41-7. 69361-41-7 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class PROTAC Linker,Aliphatic Linker, name is (4-Bromobut-1-yn-1-yl)trimethylsilane, and the molecular formula is C7H13BrSi, Recommanded Product: (4-Bromobut-1-yn-1-yl)trimethylsilane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary