Month: December 2022

A Substructure Combination Strategy to Create Potent and Selective Transthyretin Kinetic Stabilizers that Prevent Amyloidogenesis and Cytotoxicity was written by Choi, Sung-Wook;Reixach, Natalia;Connelly, Stephen;Johnson, Steven M.;Wilson, Ian A.;Kelly, Jeffery W.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2010.Recommanded Product: 108940-96-1 This article mentions the following:

Transthyretin aggregation-associated proteotoxicity appears to cause several human amyloid diseases. Rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and monomer misfolding of transthyretin (TTR) occur before its aggregation into cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils. Small mol. binding to and preferential stabilization of the tetrameric state of TTR over the dissociative transition state raises the kinetic barrier for dissociation, imposing kinetic stabilization on TTR and preventing aggregation. This is an effective strategy to halt neurodegeneration associated with polyneuropathy, according to recent placebo-controlled clin. trial results. In three recent papers, we systematically ranked possibilities for the three substructures composing a typical TTR kinetic stabilizer, using fibril inhibition potency and plasma TTR binding selectivity data. Herein, we have successfully employed a substructure combination strategy to use these data to develop potent and selective TTR kinetic stabilizers that rescue cells from the cytotoxic effects of TTR amyloidogenesis. Of the 92 stilbene and dihydrostilbene analogs synthesized, nearly all potently inhibit TTR fibril formation. Seventeen of these exhibit a binding stoichiometry of >1.5 of a maximum of 2 to plasma TTR, while displaying minimal binding to the thyroid hormone receptor (<20%). Six analogs were definitively categorized as kinetic stabilizers by evaluating dissociation time-courses. High-resolution TTR·(kinetic stabilizer)₂ crystal structures (1.31-1.70 Å) confirmed the anticipated binding orientation of the 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl substructure and revealed a strong preference of the isosteric 3,5-dibromo-4-aminophenyl substructure to bind to the inner thyroxine binding pocket of TTR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1Recommanded Product: 108940-96-1).

3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 108940-96-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A Strategy for the Synthesis of Sulfonamides on DNA was written by Liu, Wei;Deng, Wei;Sun, Saisai;Yu, Chunyan;Su, Xubo;Wu, Aliang;Yuan, Youlang;Ma, Zhonglin;Li, Ke;Yang, Hongfang;Peng, Xuanjia;Dietrich, Justin. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Name: Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate This article mentions the following:

An efficient method is reported to synthesize sulfonamides on DNA from sulfinic acids or sodium sulfinates and amines in the presence of iodine under mild conditions. This method demonstrates a major expansion of scope of sulfonamide formation on DNA through the utilization of a novel sodium carbonate-sodium sulfinate bifunctional reagent class. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 957207-58-8Name: Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate).

Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (cas: 957207-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Name: Methyl 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Some benzonorbornadiene derivatives was written by Tanida, Hiroshi;Muneyuki, Ryonosuke;Tsuji, Teruji. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 1964.Computed Properties of C7H6BrF This article mentions the following:

The cycloaddition of substituted benzynes in the preparation of β-substituted benzonorbornadienes was described. The Wittig and Knauss procedure (CA 54, 505e) for preparation of benzynes was used. 4-Bromo-3-iodoanisole (I) (prepared from 6-bromo-m-anisidine) was used for the preparation of 4-methoxybenzyne. Racemic 4′-methoxybenzonorbornadiene was obtained in a 40% yield by the reaction of I with cyclopentadiene and Mg. 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene was prepared from 2-bromo-p-toluidine by the Schiemann reaction, and its cycloaddition to cyclopentadiene was carried out to give 54% 4′-methylbenzonorbornadiene (II). The benzyne reaction of 2-bromo-4-chlorofluorobenzene, obtained by the Schiemann reaction of 2-bromo-4-chloroaniline, proceeded with cyclopentadiene by the elimination of Br and F to give 55.6% 4′-chlorobenzonorbornadiene. The position of the substituents on the benzene nucleus of the benzonorbornadienes was determined by conversion into the 2-substituted naphthalenes through benzoyloxylation at the 7-position, hydrolysis, and Oppennauer oxidation The reaction of 3-bromo-4-iodobenzonitrile with Mg gave 3-bromobenzonitrile; no reaction occurred with Li. The reaction of 2,5-dibromoiodobenzene with Mg and cyclopentadiene gave a product containing 25.4% benzonorbornadiene, 28.6% p-dibromobenzene, 6.6% 3-bromoiodobenzene, 21.1% 4′-bromobenzonorbornadiene, and three unidentified products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0Computed Properties of C7H6BrF).

3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Computed Properties of C7H6BrF

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Design, computational studies, synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of benzimidazole based thio-oxadiazole and thio-thiadiazole analogues was written by Noureldin, Nada A.;Richards, Jennifer;Kothayer, Hend;Baraka, Mohammed M.;Eladl, Sobhy M.;Wootton, Mandy;Simons, Claire. And the article was included in BMC Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 14425-64-0 This article mentions the following:

Two series of benzimidazole based thio-oxadiazole and thio-thiadiazole analogs were designed and synthesized as novel antimicrobial drugs through inhibition of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS), which is a promising antimicrobial target. Compounds were designed to mimic the structural features of phenylalanyl adenylate (Phe-AMP) the PheRS natural substrate. A 3D conformational alignment for the designed compounds and the PheRS natural substrate revealed a high level of conformational similarity, and a mol. docking study indicated the ability of the designed compounds to occupy both Phe-AMP binding pockets. A mol. dynamics (MD) simulation comparative study was performed to understand the binding interactions with PheRS from different bacterial microorganisms. The synthetic pathway of the designed compounds proceeded in five steps starting from benzimidazole. The fourteen synthesized compounds 5a-d, 6a-c, 8a-d and 9a-c were purified, fully characterised and obtained in high yield. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation against five bacterial strains showed a moderate activity of compound 8b with MIC value of 32 μg/mL against S. aureus, while all the synthesized compounds showed weak activity against both E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa (MIC 128 μg/mL). Compound 8b provides a lead compound for further structural development to obtain high affinity PheRS inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Reference of 14425-64-0).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Reference of 14425-64-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Efficient Access to All-Carbon Quaternary and Tertiary α-Functionalized Homoallyl-type Aldehydes from Ketones was written by Pace, Vittorio;Castoldi, Laura;Mazzeo, Eugenia;Rui, Marta;Langer, Thierry;Holzer, Wolfgang. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2017.Application of 83902-02-7 This article mentions the following:

β,γ-Unsaturated aldehydes with all-carbon quaternary or tertiary α-centers were rapidly assembled from ketones through a unique synthetic operation consisting of (1) C₁ homologation, (2) Lewis acid mediated epoxide-aldehyde isomerization, and (3) electrophilic trapping. The synthetic equivalence of a vinyl oxirane and a β,γ-unsaturated aldehyde is the key concept of this previously undisclosed tactic. Mechanistic studies and labeling experiments suggest that an aldehyde enolate is a crucial intermediate. The homologating carbenoid formation plays a critical role in determining the chemoselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7Application of 83902-02-7).

2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application of 83902-02-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

DBSA catalyzed cyclotrimerization of acetophenones: An efficient synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes under solvent-free conditions was written by Prasad, Davinder;Preetam, Amreeta;Nath, Mahendra. And the article was included in Comptes Rendus Chimie in 2013.Related Products of 96761-85-2 This article mentions the following:

A facile method for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes is developed via cyclotrimerization of acetophenones in the presence of 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as an efficient Bronsted acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions. This synthetic protocol has several advantages such as green reaction conditions, short reaction times, high atom economy and good to excellent yields of the target products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2Related Products of 96761-85-2).

3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Related Products of 96761-85-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Thiophene and furan selenides. 2. Metal plating and acylation of alkyl-(2-thienyl)selenides was written by Sukiasyan, A. N.;Litvinov, V. P.;Gol’dfarb, Ya. L.. And the article was included in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya in 1970.Application of 29421-99-6 This article mentions the following:

Me 2-thienyl selenide (I) b15 80-2°, n20D 1.6175; Me 5-methyl-2-thienyl selenide (II) b14 94-5°, 1.5985. I (7.08 g) and 4 ml POCl3 mixed in DMF at below 20° and heated 5 hr at 100° gave, after quenching in ice, 85% 5-methylseleno-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (III), b3 125-6°, m. 18°; semicarbazone m. 177.5-8.5°. Oxidation of III with Ag2O gave 5-methylseleno-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (IV), m. 108-9°. II similarly treated with POCl3 in DMF gave 26% 2-methylseleno-5-methyl-3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (V), m. 34-5° (semicarbazone m. 196.5-7°), which also oxidized to the carboxylic acid, m. 188-9°, with Ag2O. 5-Methyl-3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (VI) treated with HC(OEt)3 in the presence of concentrated HCl in EtOH 20 hr gave the di-Et acetal of VI, b10 105-8°, 1.4892, which, with BuLi at -20°, then refluxed in Et2O, treated with powd. Se at -20°, refluxed 2 hr, and refluxed with MeI 1 hr gave 28% V di-Et acetal, b2 117-20°, 1.5579, which, heated with concentrated HCl 10 hr gave 85% V. I and AcCl in PhCl treated with SnCl4 at 0°, and kept 1 hr at 20° gave, after aqueous HCl treatment, 75% 5-methylseleno-2-acetothienone, m. 35.5° (semicarbazone m. 200-1.5°), which oxidized with iodine in pyridine to IV. Similarly prepared was 25% 2-methylseleno-5-methyl-3-acetothienone, m. 91.5-2.5°, which oxidized with iodine-pyridine to the corresponding acid, m. 188-9°. 4-Bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, m. 46-7°, was reduced with N2H4 to 90% 4-bromo-2-methylthiophene, b22 77-8°, 1.5727, which was conventionally converted into 5-methyl-3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, b10 80-1°, 1.5672. 2-Methyl-3,5-dibromothiophene, b8 93°, 1.6068, treated at -70° with BuLi in Et2O under N, followed by Me2Se2 and holding 1 hr gave after aqueous treatment 75.4% 4-bromo-2-methylseleno-5-methylthiophene, b8 123-6°, 1.6340, which, with BuLi in Et2O at -70° 2 hr, followed by 2 hr with added DMF, gave, after aqueous treatment, 70.9% 4-bromo-5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, b1 90-2°, m. 55°, which with Ag2O oxidized to the corresponding acid, m. 198.5-9.5°. I and BuLi at -70° in Et2O 2.5 hr gave, after acidification following treatment with Dry Ice, 80.6% 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid, m. 125.5-6.5°. BuLi and thiophene under such conditions gave no such acid and yielded only unchanged thiophene. BuLi and mixed I and 2-methylthiophene gave after similar treatment 66.4% 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid only. Acetylation of mixed I and 2-(methylthio)thiophene with AcCl in PhCl with SnCl4 gave 5-methylseleno-2-acetothienone and 5-(methylthio)-2-acetothienone in 1:1.6 ratio with much unreacted starting material. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-5-methylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 29421-99-6Application of 29421-99-6).

4-Bromo-5-methylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 29421-99-6) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Application of 29421-99-6

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Viscoelastic Covalent Organic Nanotube Fabric via Macroscopic Entanglement was written by Koner, Kalipada;Das, Susobhan;Mohata, Shibani;Duong, Nghia Tuan;Nishiyama, Yusuke;Kandambeth, Sharath;Karak, Suvendu;Reddy, C. Malla;Banerjee, Rahul. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Reference of 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

Covalent organic nanotubes (CONTs) are one-dimensional porous frameworks constructed from organic building blocks via dynamic covalent chem. CONTs are synthesized as insoluble powder that restricts their potential applications. The judicious selection of 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarbaldehyde and tetraaminotriptycene as building blocks for TAT-BPy CONTs has led to constructing flexible yet robust and self-standing fabric up to 3μm thickness. The TAT-BPy CONTs and TAT-BPy CONT fabric were characterized by solid-state one-dimensional (1D) ¹³C CP-MAS, two-dimensional (2D) ¹³C-¹H correlation NMR, 2D ¹H-¹H DQ-SQ NMR, and 2D ¹⁴N-¹H correlation NMR spectroscopy. The mechanism of fabric formation was established by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and SEM techniques. The as-synthesized viscoelastic TAT-BPy CONT fabric exhibits high mech. strength with a reduced modulus (E_r) of 8 (±3) GPa and hardness (H) of 0.6 (±0.3) GPa. Interestingly, the viscoelastic fabric shows time-dependent elastic depth recovery up to 50-70%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Reference of 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Reference of 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

2-Amino-4-aryl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitriles with Microtubule-Disruptive, Centrosome-Declustering, and Antiangiogenic Effects in vitro and in vivo was written by Kohler, Leonhard H. F.;Reich, Sebastian;Begemann, Gerrit;Schobert, Rainer;Biersack, Bernhard. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2022.SDS of cas: 108940-96-1 This article mentions the following:

A series of fifteen 2-amino-4-aryl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitriles were synthesized via a three-component reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, malononitrile, and diversely substituted benzaldehydes or pyridine carbaldehydes. The compounds were tested for anticancer activities against a panel of eight human tumor cell lines. A few derivatives with high antiproliferative activities and different cancer cell specificity were identified and investigated for their modes of action. They led to microtubule disruption, centrosome de-clustering and G2/M cell cycle arrest in 518 A2 melanoma cells. They also showed anti-angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1SDS of cas: 108940-96-1).

3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.SDS of cas: 108940-96-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of aromatic amine type dendrimer in the presence of palladium(0) catalyst was written by Moriwaki, Kazuyuki;Takada, Masahiro;Ohno, Toshinobu;Miyata, Toshiyuki. And the article was included in Kagaku to Kogyo (Osaka) in 2001.HPLC of Formula: 162258-89-1 This article mentions the following:

Aromatic amine type dendrimer bis(4′-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)aniline (BBA) and bis[4-bis(4′-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)aminophenyl]aniline (bis-BBA) were successfully synthesized using aryl bromide and aniline. Aryl bromide and aniline easily reacted in the presence of Pd catalyst to give these tertiary aromatic amines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1HPLC of Formula: 162258-89-1).

4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.HPLC of Formula: 162258-89-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary