Month: December 2022

Direct synthesis of amphiphilic α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins was written by Chmurski, Kazimierz;Coleman, Antony W.;Jurczak, Janusz. And the article was included in Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry in 1996.Electric Literature of C42H63Br7O28 This article mentions the following:

The clean one step synthesis of the amphiphilic α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins starting from per-(6-bromo-6-deoxy)-α-, -β-, and -γ-cyclodextrins is described. The role of the lipophilic tail is played by various aryl groups (Ph, p-bromophenyl, p-O-butoxyphenyl, p-pentylphenyl, and o-, m-, and p-nitrophenyl) linked by a thioether bridge to the position C-6 of each glucopyranose unit. The yields of the S-alkylation reactions were very high (85-95%). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1Electric Literature of C42H63Br7O28).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Electric Literature of C42H63Br7O28

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Luminescence color regulation of carbon quantum dots by surface modification was written by Li, Jing;Wang, Wei;An, Bao-Li;Jia, Xin;Zhang, Ying-Hao;Li, Juan-Rong;Bai, Yue-Ling;Xu, Jia-Qiang. And the article was included in Journal of Luminescence in 2022.Formula: C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

Labeling various biol. mols. with multi-color carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in the same scene has great potential application for investigating the relationship between those mols. It is still a great challenge to regulate the color of CQDs. Ample -NH₂ groups on the surface of green carbon quantum dots (GCQDs) were characterized and confirmed by ¹H NMR (¹H NMR) data. As-NH₂ groups had high organic reactivity, the surface of GCQDs was designed and modified with several organic functional groups through a simple surface modification strategy of organic reactions. The surface band gap states of GCQDs were tuned gradually by the corresponding modified functional groups, and the emission colors of GCQDs were tuned from green to yellow-green, then to orange, and finally to red. All the emission spectra for these multicolor carbon quantum dots (M-CQDs) were excitation independent, and the lifetimes for the M-CQDs were mainly determined by the second electron decay process from the surface defect band states. The red-shift colors for the M-CQDs were ascribed to the emissions from their surface defect band states, and the luminescence mechanism had been investigated. This work opens up a novel synthesis strategy to regulate the emission colors of carbon quantum dots. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Formula: C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Formula: C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Self-assembly of conformationally flexible molecules under 2D confinement: structural analysis from computer simulations was written by Nieckarz, Damian;Szabelski, Pawel. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2018.Quality Control of 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl This article mentions the following:

Monte Carlo simulations were used to decipher the individual role of tripod mol. conformers in the surface-confined metal-organic self-assembly. Our calculations revealed the extent of structural heterogeneity introduced by the different conformers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2Quality Control of 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl).

3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Quality Control of 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Polycationic Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins for Gene Delivery: Synthesis and Effect of Structural Modifications on Plasmid DNA Complex Stability, Cytotoxicity, and Gene Expression was written by Diaz-Moscoso, Alejandro;Le Gourrierec, Loeic;Gomez-Garcia, Marta;Benito, Juan M.;Balbuena, Patricia;Ortega-Caballero, Fernando;Guilloteau, Nicolas;Di Giorgio, Christophe;Vierling, Pierre;Defaye, Jacques;Ortiz Mellet, Carmen;Fernandez, Jose M. Garcia. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2009.Application of 53784-83-1 This article mentions the following:

A mol.-diversity-oriented approach for the preparation of well-defined polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins (paCDs) as gene-delivery systems is reported. The synthetic strategy takes advantage of the differential reactivity of primary vs. secondary hydroxyl groups on the CD torus to regioselectively decorate each rim with cationic elements and lipophilic tails, resp. Both the charge d. and the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance can be finely tuned in a highly sym. architecture that is reminiscent of both cationic lipids and cationic polymers, the two most prominent types of nonviral gene vectors. The monodisperse nature of paCDs and the modularity of the synthetic scheme are particularly well suited for structure-activity relationship studies. Gel electrophoresis revealed that paCDs self-assemble in the presence of plasmid DNA (pDNA) to provide homogeneous, stable nanoparticles (CDplexes) of 70-150 nm that fully protect pDNA from the environment. The transfection efficiency of the resulting CDplexes has been investigated in vitro on BNL-CL2 and COS-7 cell lines in the absence and presence of serum and found to be intimately dependent on architectural features. Facial amphiphilicity and the presence of a cluster of cationic and hydrogen-bonding centers for cooperative and reversible complexation of the polyanionic DNA chain is crucial to attain high transgene expression levels with very low toxicity profiles. Further enhancement of gene expression, eventually overcoming that of polyplexes from com. polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers (22 kDa), is achieved by building up space-oriented dendritic polycationic constructs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1Application of 53784-83-1).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Application of 53784-83-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Selenium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one Derivatives with TFBen as the CO Source was written by Zhou, Rong;Qi, Xinxin;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in ACS Combinatorial Science in 2019.Recommanded Product: 76437-44-0 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and general carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one from 1-(halomethyl)-2-nitrobenzenes and aryl/alkyl amines have been explored. In this approach, to avoid of using toxic CO gas, a solid and stable CO precursor, TFBen (benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate), was utilized. With elemental selenium as the catalyst, a variety of aryl/alkyl amines has been tolerated well to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one products in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction condition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (cas: 76437-44-0Recommanded Product: 76437-44-0).

1-(Bromomethyl)-4-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (cas: 76437-44-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Recommanded Product: 76437-44-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline derivatives through the copper-catalyzed domino reaction of o-alkenyl aromatic isocyanides with diazo compounds was written by Liu, Lu;Li, Lei;Mao, Shukuan;Wang, Xin;Zhou, Ming-Dong;Zhao, Yu-long;Wang, He. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.SDS of cas: 76437-44-0 This article mentions the following:

A novel copper-catalyzed domino reaction between o-alkenyl aromatic isocyanides and diazo compounds was developed under mild reaction conditions. Various o-alkenyl aromatic isocyanides were prepared from readily available reactants. The reaction provided a general and efficient method for synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines I [R¹ = cyclohexyl, 2-thienyl, 2-naphthyl, etc.; R² = H, 8-MeO, 7-Cl, etc.; R³ = OEt, OBn, 4-ClC₆H₄, etc.] by the formation of two rings and three new bonds in a single step from readily available acyclic starting materials. A mechanism involving a tandem (3+2) cyclization/elimination/intramol. aza-addition sequence was proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (cas: 76437-44-0SDS of cas: 76437-44-0).

1-(Bromomethyl)-4-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (cas: 76437-44-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.SDS of cas: 76437-44-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β- and β,β-Disubstituted Unsaturated Boronate Esters was written by Yan, Qiaozhi;Shen, Xin;Zi, Guofu;Hou, Guohua. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Recommanded Product: 653-92-9 This article mentions the following:

Chiral phenethyl boronates ArCHRCH₂Bpin and ArCH₂CHRBpin were prepared by asym. hydrogenation of α- and β-substituted β-styrylboronates. A highly enantioselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated boronate esters catalyzed by Rh-(S)-DTBM-Segphos complex has been developed. Both (Z)-α,β- and β,β-disubstituted substrates can be successfully hydrogenated to afford chiral boronates with excellent enantioselectivities, up to 98% ee. Furthermore, the obtained chiral boronate esters, as important versatile synthetic intermediates are successfully transformed to the corresponding chiral alcs., amines and other important derivatives with maintained enantioselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Recommanded Product: 653-92-9).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 653-92-9

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and anti-influenza activities of novel baicalein analogs was written by Chung, Shu-Ting;Chien, Pei-Yu;Huang, Wen-Hsin;Yao, Chen-Wen;Lee, An-Rong. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 3-Bromo-4-fluorocinnamic acid This article mentions the following:

A series of novel flavones derivatives were synthesized based on modification of the active ingredients of a traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI screened for anti-influenza activity. The synthetic baicalein (flavone) analogs, especially with the B-rings substituted with bromine atoms, were much more potent than oseltamivir or ribavirin against H1N1 Tamiflu-resistant (H1N1 TR) virus and usually with more favorable selectivity. The most promising were I (R = OM, R¹ = 3-BrPh or 4-BrPh; R = OH, R¹ = 3-BrPh or 4-BrPh) all displaying an 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) at around 4.0-4.5 μM, and a selective index (SI = 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀)/EC₅₀)>70. For seasonal H3N2-infected influenza virus, both I (R = OM, R¹ = 2-BrPh or 3-BrPh) with SI >17.3 indicated superior to ribavirin. The flavonoids having both not-naturally-occurring bromo-substituted B-rings and appropriate hydroxyls positioning on the A-rings might be critical in determining the activity and selectivity against H1N1-Tamiflu-resistant infected influenza viruses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-4-fluorocinnamic acid (cas: 160434-49-1Application In Synthesis of 3-Bromo-4-fluorocinnamic acid).

3-Bromo-4-fluorocinnamic acid (cas: 160434-49-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Application In Synthesis of 3-Bromo-4-fluorocinnamic acid

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Pyrrolopyrrole-1,3-dione-Based Wide Band-Gap Polymeric Donors Exemplify High Voltage and Diminutive Energy Loss for Efficient Binary and Tandem Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 15.7% was written by Tamilavan, Vellaiappillai;Lee, Jihoon;Jang, Soyeong;Shin, Insoo;Oh, Chang-Mok;Hwang, In-Wook;Yang, Hyun-seock;Kim, Danbi;Yang, Eunhye;Lee, Seongbeom;Kim, Jung Hwan;Lee, Bo Ram;Park, Sung Heum. And the article was included in ACS Applied Energy Materials in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

Here, the potential of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3(2H,5H)-dione-based polymers, namely, poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-alt-2,5-dioctyl-4,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3(2H,5H)-dione] (PBDPD), is tested as an electron donor in nonfullerene electron acceptor-based organic solar cells (NFA OSCs). Polymer PBDPD shows an intense absorption between 300 and 600 nm with a deeper HOMO of -5.44 eV. Noticeably, PBDPD displays good complementary absorption and well-matched energy levels with various NFAs. The binary NFA OSCs are fabricated by using PBDPD without any additive or postannealing treatment, providing a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.24% with an impressive open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 1.004 V and a low energy loss (E_loss) of 0.496 eV. These results suggest that PBDPD could be a useful candidate for tandem NFA OSCs. Therefore, the tandem NFA OSCs are fabricated using PBDPD with the aim of further maximizing the V_oc of the NFA OSCs. The resp. tandem NFA OSCs provide an impressive PCE of 15.71% with a greatly improved V_oc of 1.73 V. This study suggests that the PD-based polymers are efficient candidates for NFA OSCs, and it opens a new platform for researchers planning to develop efficient wide band-gap polymers for NFA OSCs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Monodisperse nanoparticles from self-assembling amphiphilic cyclodextrins: modulable tools for the encapsulation and controlled release of pharmaceuticals was written by Mendez-Ardoy, Alejandro;Gomez-Garcia, Marta;Geze, Annabelle;Putaux, Jean-Luc;Wouessidjewe, Denis;Mellet, Carmen Ortiz;Defaye, Jacques;Fernandez, Jose M. Garcia;Benito, Juan M.. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Reference of 53784-83-1 This article mentions the following:

Selective chem. functionalization of cyclodextrins (CDs) is a readily amenable methodol. to produce amphiphilic macromols. endowed with modulable self-organizing capabilities. Herein, the synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic CD derivatives, with a “skirt-type” architecture, that incorporate long-chain fatty esters at the secondary hydroxyl rim and a variety of chem. functionalities (e. g. iodo, bromo, azido, cysteaminyl or isothiocyanato) at the primary hydroxyls rim is reported. Nanopptn. of the new CD facial amphiphiles, or binary mixtures of them, resulted in nanoparticles with average hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 100 to 240 nm that were stable in suspension for several months. The precise size, zeta potential and topol. of the nanoparticles are intimately dependent on the functionalization pattern at the CD scaffold. Highly efficient mol. encapsulation capabilities of poorly bioavailable drugs such as diazepam (DZ) were demonstrated for certain derivatives, the drug release profile being dependent on the type of formulation (nanospheres or nanocapsules). The efficiency and versatility of the synthetic strategy, together with the possibility of exploiting the reactivity of the functional groups at the nanoparticle surface, offer excellent opportunities to further manipulate the carrier capabilities of this series of amphiphilic CDs from a bottom-up approach. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1Reference of 53784-83-1).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Reference of 53784-83-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary