A versatile δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-cyclodextrin bimodal conjugate-prodrug for PDT applications with the help of intracellular chemistry was written by Aggelidou, Chrysie;Theodossiou, Theodossis A.;Goncalves, Antonio Ricardo;Lampropoulou, Mariza;Yannakopoulou, Konstantina. And the article was included in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Quality Control of Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin This article mentions the following:
Grafting of δ-aminolevulinic acid (1) moieties on the narrow periphery of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative through hydrolysable bonds was implemented, in order to generate a water-soluble, mol./drug carrier with the capacity to undergo intracellular transformation into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an endogenous powerful photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The water-soluble derivative 2 was prepared by esterifying δ-azidolevulinic acid with heptakis(6-hydroxyethylamino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin, with an average degree of substitution, DS = 3. Delivery of water-soluble, colorless 2 to cells resulted in intense red fluorescence registered by confocal microscopy, evidently due to the engagement of the intracellular machinery towards formation of PpIX. Conjugate 2 was further complexed with a fluorescein-labeled model guest mol. which was successfully transported into the cells, thereby demonstrating the bimodal action of the derivative The present work shows the versatility of CDs in smart applications and constitutes advancement to our previously shown PpIX-β-CD conjugation both in terms of water solubility and lack of aggregation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1Quality Control of Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin).
Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Quality Control of Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary