Conjugated or Broken: The Introduction of Isolation Spacer ahead of the Anchoring Moiety and the Improved Device Performance was written by Chai, Zhaofei;Wan, Sushu;Zhong, Cheng;Xu, Ting;Fang, Manman;Wang, Jinfeng;Xie, Yujun;Zhang, Yu;Mei, Anyi;Han, Hongwei;Peng, Qian;Li, Qianqian;Li, Zhen. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene This article mentions the following:
Acceptors in traditional dyes are generally designed closed to TiO2 substrate to form a strong electronic coupling with each other (e.g., cyanoacrylic acid) to enhance the electron injection for the high performance of the corresponding solar cells. However, some newly developed dyes with chromophores or main acceptors isolated from anchoring groups also exhibit comparable or even higher performances. To investigate the relatively untouched electronic coupling effect in dye-sensitized solar cells, a relatively precise method is proposed in which the strength is adjusted gradually by changing isolation spacers between main acceptors and anchoring groups to partially control the electronic interaction. After an anal. of 3 different groups of 11 sensitizers, it is inferred that the electronic coupling should be kept at a suitable level to balance the electron injection and recombination. Based on a reference dye LI-81 possessing a cyanoacrylic acid as acceptor and anchoring group, both photocurrent and photovoltage are synergistically improved after the properties of isolation spacers were changed through the adjustment of the length, steric hindrance, and push-pull electronic characteristic. Accordingly, the rationally designed dye LI-87 with an isolation spacer of thiophene ethylene gives an efficiency of 8.54% and further improved to 9.07% in the presence of CDCA, showing a new way to develop efficient sensitizers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene).
2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary