Month: January 2023

Synthesis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Their Capacity to Induce CYP1A by the Ah Receptor Mediated Pathway was written by Chen, Guosheng;Konstantinov, Alexandre D.;Chittim, Brock G.;Joyce, Elizabeth M.;Bols, Niels C.;Bunce, Nigel J.. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Technology in 2001.Application of 615-55-4 This article mentions the following:

Polybrominated di-Ph ethers (PBDEs) have become widely distributed as environmental contaminants due to their use as flame retardants. Their structural similarity to other halogenated aromatic pollutants has led to speculation that they might share toxicol. properties such as hepatic enzyme induction. In this work we synthesized a number of PBDE congeners, studied their affinity for rat hepatic Ah receptor through competitive binding assays, and determined their ability to induce hepatic cytochrome P 450 enzymes by means of EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) assays in human, rat, chick, and rainbow trout cells. Both pure PBDE congeners and com. PBDE mixtures had Ah receptor binding affinities 10^-2-10^-5 times that of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. In contrast with polychlorinated biphenyls, Ah receptor binding affinities of PBDEs could not be related to the planarity of the mol., possibly because the large size of the bromine atoms expands the Ah receptor’s binding site. EROD activities of the PBDE congeners followed a similar rank order in all cells. Some congeners, notably PBDE 85, did not follow the usual trend in which strength of Ah receptor binding affinity paralleled P 450 induction potency. Use of the gel retardation assay with a synthetic oligonucleotide indicated that in these cases the liganded Ah receptor failed to bind to the DNA recognition sequence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4Application of 615-55-4).

3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Application of 615-55-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Design and Synthesis of Orally Bioavailable Aminopyrrolidinone Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors was written by Lin, Xianfeng;Chen, Wenming;Qiu, Zongxing;Guo, Lei;Zhu, Wei;Li, Wentao;Wang, Zhanguo;Zhang, Weixing;Zhang, Zhenshan;Rong, Yiping;Zhang, Meifang;Yu, Lingjie;Zhong, Sheng;Zhao, Rong;Wu, Xihan;Wong, Jason C.;Tang, Guozhi. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.COA of Formula: C8H6BrFO2 This article mentions the following:

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) removes the acetyl group from lysine residues in a number of non-histone substrates and plays important roles in microtubule dynamics and chaperone activities. There is growing interest in identifying HDAC6-selective inhibitors as chem. biol. tools and ultimately as new therapeutic agents. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and phenotypic screening of a novel class of 3-aminopyrrolidinone-based hydroxamic acids as HDAC6 inhibitors. In particular, the α-methyl-substituted enantiomer I (3-S) showed significant in-cell tubulin acetylation (Tub-Ac) with an EC₅₀ of 0.30 μM but limited impact on p21 levels at various concentrations In enzyme inhibition assays, I demonstrated high selectivity for HDAC6 with an IC₅₀ of 0.017 μM and selectivity indexes of 10 against HDAC8 and over 4000 against HDAC1-3 isoforms. Moreover, I has suitable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics properties compared with other hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors, warranting further biol. studies and development as a selective HDAC6 inhibitor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2COA of Formula: C8H6BrFO2).

Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.COA of Formula: C8H6BrFO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Targeting KRAS Mutant Cancers via Combination Treatment: Discovery of a Pyridopyridazinone pan-RAF Kinase Inhibitor was written by Huestis, Malcolm P.;Durk, Matthew R.;Eigenbrot, Charles;Gibbons, Paul;Hunsaker, Thomas L.;La, Hank;Leung, Dennis H.;Liu, Wendy;Malek, Shiva;Merchant, Mark;Moffat, John G.;Muli, Christine S.;Orr, Christine J.;Parr, Brendan T.;Shanahan, Frances;Sneeringer, Christopher J.;Wang, Weiru;Yen, Ivana;Yin, Jianping;Rudolph, Joachim;Siu, Michael. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline This article mentions the following:

Structure-based optimization of a set of aryl urea RAF inhibitors has led to the identification of Type II pan-RAF inhibitor GNE-9815 (7)(I), which features a unique pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8(7H)-one hinge-binding motif. With minimal polar hinge contacts, the pyridopyridazinone hinge binder moiety affords exquisite kinase selectivity in a lipophilic efficient manner. The improved physicochem. properties of GNE-9815 provided a path for oral dosing without enabling formulations. In vivo evaluation of GNE-9815 in combination with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib demonstrated synergistic MAPK pathway modulation in an HCT116 xenograft mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, GNE-9815 is among the most highly kinase-selective RAF inhibitors reported to date. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline (cas: 945244-29-1Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline).

5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline (cas: 945244-29-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Investigation on the synthesis of new 3-[4-(arylalkoxy)phenylethyl]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones and their biological evaluation against cancer cells was written by Dago, Camille Deliko;Ambeu, Christelle N’ta;Coulibaly, Wacothon Karime;Bekro, Yves-Alain;Mamyrbekova-Bekro, Janat A.;Le Guevel, Remy;Corlu, Anne;Bazureau, Jean-Pierre. And the article was included in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) in 2017.Reference of 57293-19-3 This article mentions the following:

The 5-step synthesis of new 3-[4-(arylalkoxy)phenylethyl]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones I [X = (CH₂)_n; R = OMe, n = 2; R = H, n = 2; R = OMe, n = 1] without 5-arylidene fragments starting from tyramine was described. The construction involved protection with Boc₂O, regioselective O-alkylation, deprotection with 6 M HCl, neutralization, and finally reaction of bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate under microwave irradiation The intermediates and the N-substituted rhodanine have been also evaluated for their in vitro inhibition of cell proliferation (Huh7, Caco 2, MDA-MB231, HCT 116, PC3, NCI-H727, HaCat). Two compounds have shown a selective potent activity against HCT116 cell line. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Reference of 57293-19-3).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Reference of 57293-19-3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

New Metallo-Supramolecular Terpyridine-Modified Cellulose Functional Nanomaterials was written by Hassan, Mohammad L.;Moorefield, Charles M.;Elbatal, Hany S.;Newkome, George R.. And the article was included in Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry in 2012.Application of 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:

New metallo-supramol. nanocellulosic derivatives were prepared by surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals with 4-chloro-2,2′:6′,2”-terpyridine and subsequent coupling with other terpyridine-functionalized derivatives via Ru^III/Ru^II reduction The terpyridine-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CTP) were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magic angle spinning ¹³C NMR (MAS-¹³C NMR), elemental anal., as well as Fourier transform IR (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Metallo-CTP with different optical properties, and expected magnetic and catalytic properties, were easily obtained upon reaction of the prepared CTP with different di- and trivalent transition metal ions (Fe⁺², Mn⁺², Co⁺², and Ru⁺³). Metallo-supramol. nanocellulosic derivatives with different properties were prepared by subsequent coupling of Ru^III-CTP complex with other terpyridine ligands bearing different functionalities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Application of 954-81-4).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application of 954-81-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Nickel-Catalyzed Chain-Walking Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Alkyl and Aryl Halides and Olefin Hydroarylation Enabled by Electrochemical Reduction was written by Kumar, Gadde Sathish;Peshkov, Anatoly;Brzozowska, Aleksandra;Nikolaienko, Pavlo;Zhu, Chen;Rueping, Magnus. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The first electrochem. approach for nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling was developed. This method provides a novel route to 1,1-diarylalkane derivatives from simple and readily available alkyl and aryl halides in good yields and excellent regioselectivity under mild conditions. The procedure shows good tolerance for a broad variety of functional groups and both primary and secondary alkyl halides can be used. Furthermore, the reaction was successfully scaled up to the multigram scale, thus indicating potential for industrial application. Mechanistic study suggested the formation of a nickel hydride in the electroreductive chain-walking arylation, which led to the development of a new nickel-catalyzed hydroarylation of styrenes to provide a series of 1,1-diaryl alkanes in good yields under mild reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Efficient Medium Bandgap Electron Acceptor Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Furan for Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells was written by Yadagiri, Bommaramoni;Narayanaswamy, Kamatham;Sharma, Ganesh D.;Singh, Surya Prakash. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione This article mentions the following:

We report the design of novel medium bandgap nonfullerene small mol. acceptor NFSMA SPS-TDPP-2CNRh with A₂-π-A₁-π-A₂ architecture, with the mol. engineering of this material comprising a strong electron-accepting backbone unit DPP (A₁) as the acceptor, which is attached to the dicyanomethylene-3-hexylrhodanine (A₂) acceptor via a furan (π-spacer) linker. We systematically studied its structural and optoelectronic properties. The incorporation of dicyanomethylene-3-hexylrhodanine and furan enhance the light absorption and electrochem. properties by extending π-conjugation and is anticipated to improve V_OC by decreasing the LUMO level. The long alkyl chain units were responsible for the better solubility and aggregation of the resultant mol. Binary BHJ-OSCs constructed with polymer P as the donor and SPS-TDPP-2CNRh as the acceptor resulted in a PCE of 11.49% with improved V_OC = 0.98 V, J_SC = 18.32 mA/cm², and FF = 0.64 for P:SPS-TDPP-2CNRh organic solar cells. A ternary solar cell device was also made using Y18-DMO and SPS-TDPP-2CNRh as acceptors having complementary absorption profiles and polymer P as the donor, resulting in a PCE of 15.50% with improved J_SC = 23.08 mA/cm², FF = 0.73, and V_OC = 0.92 V for the P:SPS-TDPP-2CNRh:Y18-DMO solar cell. The ternary OSCs with SPS-TDPP-2CNRh as the host acceptor in the P:Y18-DMO binary film were shown to have improved PCE values, which is mainly attributed to the effective photoinduced charge transfer through multiple networks and the use of excitons from SPS-TDPP-2CNRh and Y18-DMO. Moreover, in the ternary BHJ active layers, the superior stable charge transport that was observed compared to the binary counterparts may also lead to an increase in the fill factor. These results demonstrate that combining medium bandgap and narrow bandgap NFSMAs with a wide bandgap polymer donor is a successful route to increasing the overall PCE of the OSCs via the ternary BHJ concept. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

1,4-Substituted 4-(1H)-pyridylene-hydrazone-type inhibitors of AChE, BuChE, and amyloid-β aggregation crossing the blood-brain barrier was written by Prinz, Michaela;Parlar, Sulunay;Bayraktar, Gulsah;Alptuzun, Vildan;Erciyas, Ercin;Fallarero, Adyary;Karlsson, Daniela;Vuorela, Pia;Burek, Malgorzata;Forster, Carola;Turunc, Ezgi;Armagan, Guliz;Yalcin, Ayfer;Schiller, Carola;Leuner, Kristina;Krug, Manuel;Sotriffer, Christoph A.;Holzgrabe, Ulrike. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2013.Recommanded Product: 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Given the fundamentally multifactorial character of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), addressing more than one target for disease modification or therapy is expected to be highly advantageous. Here, following the cholinergic hypothesis, we aimed to inhibit both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) in order to increase the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. In addition, the formation of the amyloid β fibrils should be inhibited and already preformed fibrils should be destroyed. Based on a recently identified AChE inhibitor with a 1,4-substituted 4-(1H)-pyridylene-hydrazone skeleton, a substance library has been generated and tested for inhibition of AChE, BuChE, and fibril formation. Blood-brain barrier mobility was ensured by a transwell assay. Whereas the p-nitrosubstituted compound 18C shows an anti-AChE activity in the nanomolar range of concentration (IC₅₀ = 90 nM), the bisnaphthyl substituted compound 20L was found to be the best overall inhibitor of AChE/BuChE and enhances the fibril destruction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Recommanded Product: 954-81-4).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Recommanded Product: 954-81-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of cyclodextrin hyaluronic acid conjugates as a new candidate for intestinal drug carrier for steroid hormones was written by Hesler, Michelle;Schwarz, Dennis H.;Daehnhardt-Pfeiffer, Stephan;Wagner, Sylvia;von Briesen, Hagen;Wenz, Gerhard;Kohl, Yvonne. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2020.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Steroid hormones became increasingly interesting as active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of endocrine disorders. However, medical applications of many steroidal drugs are inhibited by their very low aqueous solubilities giving rise to low bioavailabilities. Therefore, the prioritized oral administration of steroidal drugs remains problematic. Cyclodextrins are promising candidates for the development of drug delivery systems for oral route applications, since they solubilize hydrophobic steroids and increase their rate of transport in aqueous environments. In this study, the synthesis and characterization of polymeric β-cyclodextrin derivates is described, which result from the attachment of a hydrophilic β-CD-thioether to hyaluronic acid. Host-guest complexes of the synthesized β-cyclodextrin hyaluronic acid conjugates were formed with two poorly soluble model steroids (β-estradiol, dexamethasone) and compared to monomeric β-cyclodextrin derivates regarding solubilization and complexation efficiency. The β-cyclodextrin-drug (host-guest) complexes were evaluated in vitro for their suitability (cytotoxicity and transport rate) as intestinal drug carriers for steroid hormones. In case of β-estradiol, higher solubilities could be achieved by complexation with both synthesized β-cyclodextrin derivates, leading to significantly higher intestinal transport rates in vitro. However, this success could not be shown for dexamethasone, which namely solubilized better, but could not enhance the transport rate significantly. Thus, this study demonstrates the biocompatibility of the synthesized and characterized β-cyclodextrin derivates and shows their potential as new candidate for intestinal drug carrier for steroid hormones like β-estradiol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Preparation of 3-benzyloxy-2-pyridinone functional linkers: tools for the synthesis of 3,2-hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) and HOPO/hydroxamic acid chelators was written by Gibson, Sarah;Fernando, Rasika;Jacobs, Hollie K.;Gopalan, Aravamudan S.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2015.COA of Formula: C13H14BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

In contrast to 2,3-dihydroxypyridine, the 3-benzyloxy protected derivative, 2 (I), undergoes facile alkylation at ambient temperatures with a variety of functionalized alkyl halides in good yields. This alkylation has been used to prepare a number of linkers that permit the attachment of 3,2-HOPO moieties onto various scaffolds using a wide range of coupling methods. The Mitsunobu reaction of 2 with representative alcs. was found to be of limited value due to competing O-alkylation that led to product mixtures The phthalimide 3j (II) can be converted in two steps to HOPO isocyanate 6 (III) in excellent yields. Isocyanate 6 can be coupled to amines at room temperature or to alcs. in refluxing dichloroethane to obtain the corresponding urea or carbamate linked ligand systems. The coupling of isocyanate 6 with TREN followed by deprotection gave the tris-HOPO 10 (IV), an interesting target as it has both cationic and anionic binding sites. The HOPO hydroxylamine linker 11 (V) was shown to be especially valuable as its coupling with carboxylic acids proceeds with the concomitant generation of an addnl. hydroxamate ligand moiety in the framework. The utility of this linker was shown by the preparation of two mixed HOPO-hydroxamate chelators, 16 (VI) and 19 (VII), based on the structure of desferrioxamine, a well-known trihydroxamate siderophore. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4COA of Formula: C13H14BrNO2).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.COA of Formula: C13H14BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary