Month: January 2023

Palladium-catalyzed 8-exo trig intramolecular Heck reaction under microwave irradiation in the presence of basic alumina was written by Saha, Pritam;Mondal, Shyamal;Hazra, Abhijit;Naskar, Subhendu;Maity, Arindam;Sahu, Krishnendu B.;Paira, Rupankar;Das, Saktipada;Banerjee, Sukdeb;Mondal, Nirup B.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2012.HPLC of Formula: 61150-57-0 This article mentions the following:

The Heck cross-coupling reaction was employed for efficient conversion of quinolines to benzoxocinoquinoline through a microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed intramol. cyclization in the presence of basic alumina. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylbromide (cas: 61150-57-0HPLC of Formula: 61150-57-0).

2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylbromide (cas: 61150-57-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.HPLC of Formula: 61150-57-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A Scalable Synthesis of Roxadustat (FG-4592) was written by Pisa, Ondrej;Radl, Stanislav;Cerna, Igor;Sembera, Filip. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2022.Safety of Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate This article mentions the following:

A scalable five-step protocol for synthesis of roxadustat, an orally administered hypoxia-inducible factor-Pr hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), were developed with an emphasis placed on aspects of medicinal chem. The isoquinoline core of the mol. was prepared using a purposefully designed cyclocondensation in which both the cyclocondensation and demasking of the groups being condensed is promoted by a common acid agent in one step. Roxadustat were obtained pure in a very competitive overall yield across all reaction steps and in compliance with permissible residual Pd level in API. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Safety of Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Safety of Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis, characterization, reactivity and antibacterial activity of new peroxovanadium(V) complexes anchored to soluble polymers was written by Kalita, Diganta;Sarmah, Swapnalee;Das, Siva Prasad;Baishya, Diganta;Patowary, Ashok;Baruah, Sashi;Islam, Nashreen S.. And the article was included in Reactive & Functional Polymers in 2008.HPLC of Formula: 74440-80-5 This article mentions the following:

New peroxovanadate (pV) complexes anchored to soluble polymers of the type, Na₃[V₂O₂(O₂)₄(carboxylate)]-PA [PA = poly(acrylate)] (PAV) and Na₂[VO(O₂)₂(carboxylate)]-PMA [PMA = Poly(methacrylate)] (PMAV) have been synthesized from the reaction of V₂O₅ with H₂O₂ and the sodium salts of the resp. macromol. ligands at pH ca. 6. The compounds were characterized by elemental anal., SEM, EDX, TGA and spectral studies. In PMAV, the pV moieties are anchored in monomeric form to the polymer chain through unidentately coordinated O (carboxylate) atoms. Carboxylate groups of PA chain coordinate to V(V) centers, in a bridging bidentate fashion leading to the formation of dimeric pV structures in PAV. The PAV complex efficiently mediated bromination of organic substrates in aqueous-organic media at ambient temperature Complex PMAV, was inactive in bromination under analogous conditions. The compounds are relatively resistant to degradation by the enzyme catalase compared to its natural substrate, H₂O₂. The polymeric complexes along with the free polymer and neat DPV were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5HPLC of Formula: 74440-80-5).

4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. HPLC of Formula: 74440-80-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Ion Conduction in Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Different Pendant Groups was written by Fan, Fei;Wang, Yangyang;Hong, Tao;Heres, Maximilian F.;Saito, Tomonori;Sokolov, Alexei P.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2015.Related Products of 4457-67-4 This article mentions the following:

Polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs) are promising candidates for energy storage and electrochem. devices applications. Understanding their ionic transport mechanism is the key for designing highly conductive PolyILs. By using broadband dielec. spectroscopy (BDS), rheol., and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a systematic study has been carried out to provide a better understanding of the ionic transport mechanism in PolyILs with different pendant groups. The variation of pendant groups results in different dielec., mech., and thermal properties of these PolyILs. The Walden plot anal. shows that the data points for all these PolyILs fall above the ideal Walden line, and the deviation from the ideal line increases upon approaching the glass transition temperature (T_g). The conductivity for these PolyILs at their T_gs are much higher than the usually reported value �0^-15 S/cm for polymer electrolytes, in which the ionic transport is closely coupled to the segmental dynamics. These results indicate a decoupling of ionic conductivity from the segmental relaxation in these materials. The degree of decoupling increases with the increase of the fragility of polymer segmental relaxation. We relate this observation to a decrease in polymer packing efficiency with an increase in fragility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Related Products of 4457-67-4).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Related Products of 4457-67-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Fluorinated Isochromans via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis was written by Hafliger, Joel;Sokolova, Olga O.;Lenz, Madina;Daniliuc, Constantin G.;Gilmour, Ryan. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

The ubiquity of isochromans across the bioactive small mol. spectrum, the prominence of the anomeric effect in regulating conformation and the metabolic lability of the benzylic position, iodine(I)/iodine(III) catalysis was leveraged for the stereocontrolled generation of selectively fluorinated analogs. To augment the current arsenal of fluorocyclization reactions involving carboxylic acid derivatives, the reaction of readily accessible 2-vinyl benzaldehydes was disclosed (up to >95 : 05 d.r. and 97 : 03 e.r.). Key stereoelectronic interactions manifest themselves in the X-ray crystal structures of the products, thereby validating the [CH₂-CHF] fragment as a stereoelectronic mimic of the [O-CH(OR)] acetal motif. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Iron catalysis of Grignard reductions. Mechanism of 1,3-reductive eliminations from γ-propyl halides was written by Rollick, K. L.;Nugent, W. A.;Kochi, J. K.. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 1982.Electric Literature of C7H15BrO This article mentions the following:

The Fe³⁺-catalyzed reduction of 3-substituted propyl bromides by Grignard reagents gives propylene (I) and cyclopropane. The reduction to I is particularly noteworthy since it formally represents a 1,2-H shift. Two key intermediates are identified in I formation, in which MeO(CH₂)₃Br is first catalytically reduced to the Mg derivative by the Grignard reagent. The Fe³⁺-catalyzed β-elimination of the MeO(CH₂)₃MgBr intermediate gives CH₂:CHCH₂OMe, which is then reductively cleaved to I. Extensive studies of D labeling in the reactants, as well as in both intermediates, allow the course of the H shift to be followed unequivocally. The mechanism of Fe catalysis is proposed for the first and second stages of the reduction to I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5Electric Literature of C7H15BrO).

1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Electric Literature of C7H15BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aromatic C-H Acylation of 2-Arylbenzoyl Fluorides was written by Sakurai, Yuka;Ikai, Kana;Hayakawa, Kazuki;Ogiwara, Yohei;Sakai, Norio. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 2021.Formula: C8H6BrFO2 This article mentions the following:

The catalytic intramol. cyclization of acyl fluorides using a Pd(OAc)₂/PCy₃ system was described for the synthesis of fluorenone precursors I [R = H, 5-Me, 5-F; R¹ = 3-Me, 2-OMe, 2-Cl, etc]. A wide range of 2-arylbenzoyl fluoride derivatives could be used as fluorenone precursors and the reaction proceeded via an intramol. coupling between aromatic C-H bonds with acyl C-F bonds. The reaction could be applied to the synthesis of indenofluorenedione derivatives and to the construction of other mols. with five-membered rings. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Formula: C8H6BrFO2).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Formula: C8H6BrFO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of some derivatives of juniperic acid was written by Plesek, Jaromir. And the article was included in Chemicke Listy pro Vedu a Prumysl in 1956.HPLC of Formula: 56523-59-2 This article mentions the following:

ω-Bromopalmitic acid (I), obtained in a 3-g. yield by saturating an Et₂O solution of 3 g. 1-pentadecene-15-carboxylic acid with HBr in the presence of 0.02 g. Bz₂O₂. crystals from ligroine, m. 70-1°. A solution of 2.5 g. I in 100 mL. MeCOEt (II) was dropped during 30 h. into 1000 mL. boiling II containing 20 g. dry K₂CO₃ and the mixture refluxed 8 h. After evaporating II, the residue was dissolved in 30 mL. ligroine, the insoluble K salts and a dilactone were filtered off and the filtrate was distilled, yielding 1.5 g. crystalline 1,16-hexadecanolide (III), b_0.5 124°, m. 18°, besides 10 g. of a forerun, b_0.5 100°, consisting of a condensation product of II. Saponification of III by boiling 40% aqueous NaOH gave juniperic acid, m. 94-5° (from C₆H₆) in a 98% yield. 1-Bromopentadecan-11-one-15-carboxylic acid (IV) was prepared by the Grignard reaction from 21 g. Et cyclopentanonecarboxylate and 26.5 g. ω-bromoundecyl chloride. The reaction product was boiled with AcOH and aqueous HBr and poured into water, yielding 20 g. IV, m. 77-8° (from C₆H₆-ligroine), obtained more easily in an 80%-yield by addition of HBr to 1-pentadecen-11-one-15-carboxylic acid in the presence of Bz₂O₂. A solution of 13.5 g. IV in 570 mL. II was dropped during 48 h. into a boiling suspension of dry K₂CO₃ in 3000 mL. II and refluxed 16 h., yielding 9 g. 6-oxo-1,16-hexadecanolide (V), b_0.5 155°, m. 35°. Saponification of V by boiling with alc. KOH gave a 98% yield 6-oxojuniperic acid, m. 94-5° (from C₆H₆); semicarbazone, m. 147-8° (from EtOH). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2HPLC of Formula: 56523-59-2).

15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.HPLC of Formula: 56523-59-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2-(Aminoalkyl)-isoindoline-1,3-dione Derivatives as Dual-Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors was written by Ignasik, Michalina;Bajda, Marek;Guzior, Natalia;Prinz, Michaela;Holzgrabe, Ulrike;Malawska, Barbara. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 2012.Electric Literature of C13H14BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

A new series of 2-(diethylaminoalkyl)-isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives intended as dual binding site cholinesterase inhibitors were designed using mol. modeling and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and the formation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. For AChE inhibitory activity, the spectrophotometric method of Ellman and the electrophoretically mediated microanal. assay were used, giving good results. Most of the synthesized compounds had AChE inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from IC₅₀ = 0.9 to 19.5 μM and weak Aβ anti-aggregation inhibitory activity. These results support the outcome of docking studies which tested compounds targeting both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. The most promising selective AChE inhibitors are compounds 10 (IC₅₀ = 1.2 μM) and 11 (IC₅₀ = 1.1 μM), with 6-7 methylene chains, which also inhibit Aβ fibril formation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Electric Literature of C13H14BrNO2).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Electric Literature of C13H14BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Anodic Oxidation of Dithiane Carboxylic Acids: A Rapid and Mild Way to Access Functionalized Orthoesters was written by Garcia, Anthony D.;Leech, Matthew C.;Petti, Alessia;Denis, Camille;Goodall, Iain C. A.;Dobbs, Adrian P.;Lam, Kevin. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.COA of Formula: C5H11BrO This article mentions the following:

A new electrochem. methodol. has been developed for the preparation of a wide variety of functionalized orthoesters under mild and green conditions from easily accessible dithiane derivatives The new methodol. also offers an unprecedented way to access tri(fluorinated) orthoesters, a class of compound that has never been studied before. This provides the community with a rapid and general method to prepare libraries of functionalized orthoesters from simple and readily available starting materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4COA of Formula: C5H11BrO).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. COA of Formula: C5H11BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary