Month: January 2023

Search for the Pharmacophore of Bispyridinium-Type Allosteric Modulators of Muscarinic Receptors was written by Botero Cid, Mario H.;Holzgrabe, Ulrike;Kostenis, Evi;Mohr, Klaus;Traenkle, Christian. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1994.Recommanded Product: 57293-19-3 This article mentions the following:

The bis(dichlorobenzyl) ether of the bispyridinium oxime (I) stabilizes antagonist binding to M₂-cholinocaptors which is indicative of an allosteric action. Analogs II [R = H, N⁺Me₃, N⁺Et₃, Ph, 4-MeOC₆H₄, R1; R² = H, NMe₂, CN, Me, CH:NOH, CH:NOMe, CH:NOCH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-2,6] were synthesized to investigate structure-activity relationships. The allosteric potency of the compounds was indicated by the concentrations which retarded the rate of dissociation of[³H]N-methylscopolamine from porcine cardiac cholinoceptors by a factor of 2 (EC₅₀). Compared with I, II [R = R¹, R² = CH:NOCH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-2,6] displayed a more than 200-fold higher potency (EC₅₀ = 4.7 μM). One of the dichlorobenzyl groups could be replaced by a Me group without loss of activity (EC₅₀ = 4.5 μM). Further shortening of this end of the mol. was accompanied by a moderate decline in potency to a min. of EC₅₀ = 26 μM. The second quaternary nitrogen was not a prerequisite for an allosteric activity. It is concluded that one half of the lead compound is pivotal for an interaction with the allosteric site of the M₂-cholinoceptor, whereas the other end of the mol. modulates the allosteric activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Recommanded Product: 57293-19-3).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Recommanded Product: 57293-19-3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Ruthenium-catalyzed selective synthesis of monoalkylated barbituric acids through “borrowing hydrogen” methodology was written by Putra, Anggi Eka;Oe, Yohei;Ohta, Tetsuo. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2017.COA of Formula: C7H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

An environmentally benign alkylation of barbituric acids via “borrowing hydrogen” process with ruthenium catalysis was established. The corresponding 5-(alkyl)barubituric acids were obtained in good to excellent yields with low catalyst loading. Various substrates including aliphatic alcs. were tolerated in the present catalytic system. A novel method for construction of barbituric acid-fused benzopyrane derivatives was also demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (cas: 170434-11-4COA of Formula: C7H7BrO2).

5-Bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (cas: 170434-11-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.COA of Formula: C7H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

α-Amino Radical Halogen Atom Transfer Agents for Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Distinct Organic Halides was written by Tian, Xianhai;Kaur, Jaspreet;Yakubov, Shahboz;Barham, Joshua P.. And the article was included in ChemSusChem in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 14425-64-0 This article mentions the following:

α-Amino radicals from simple tertiary amines were employed as halogen atom transfer (XAT) agents in metallaphotoredox catalysis for cross-electrophile couplings of organic bromides with organic iodides. This XAT strategy proved to be efficient for the generation of carbon radicals from a range of partners (alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl iodides). The reactivities of these radical intermediates were captured by nickel catalysis with organobromides including aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, and alkyl bromides, enabling six diverse C-C bond formations. Classic named reactions including Negishi, Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions were readily achieved in a net-reductive fashion under mild conditions. More importantly, the cross coupling was viable with either organic bromide or iodide as limiting reactant based on the availability of substrates, which is beneficial to the late-stage functionalization of complex mols. The scalability of this method in batch and flow was investigated, further demonstrating its applicability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0HPLC of Formula: 14425-64-0).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.HPLC of Formula: 14425-64-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Design of N-Spiro C₂-Symmetric Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Bromides as Novel Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts: Synthesis and Application to Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Acids was written by Ooi, Takashi;Kameda, Minoru;Maruoka, Keiji. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2003.Application In Synthesis of 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Chiral phase-transfer catalysts, C₂-sym. chiral quaternary ammonium bromides I (Ar = Ph, α-naphthyl) and II [Ar = H, Ph, β-naphthyl, 3,5-(diphenyl)phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl], were readily prepared from com. available optically pure 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol. Detailed procedures for the synthesis of I and II were given, and the structures of II (Ar = H, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) were unequivocally determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction anal. The reactivity and selectivity of these chiral ammonium bromides as chiral phase-transfer catalysts were evaluated in the asym. alkylation of Ph₂C:NCH₂CO₂R (R = Bu-t, Me, CH₂Ph, CHPh₂) by PhCH₂Br under mild liquid-liquid phase-transfer conditions, and the optimization of the reaction variables (solvent, base, and temperature) was conducted. In addition, the scope and limitations of this asym. alkylation were thoroughly investigated with a variety of alkyl halides, in which the advantage of the unique N-spiro structure of II and dramatic effect of the steric as well as the electronic properties of the aromatic substituents on the 3,3′-position of the binaphthyl moiety were emphasized. Finally, the asym. synthesis of Me and tert-Bu (S)-N-acetylindoline-2-carboxylates, and L-Dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) tert-Bu ester was successfully accomplished using the above methodol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7Application In Synthesis of 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene).

2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Application In Synthesis of 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

High-performance thin-layer chromatography in combination with an acetylcholinesterase-inhibition bioassay with pre-oxidation of organothiophosphates to determine neurotoxic effects in storm, waste, and surface water was written by Baetz, Nicolai;Schmidt, Torsten C.;Tuerk, Jochen. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

Pesticides such as organothiophosphates (OTPs) are neurotoxically active and enter the aquatic environment. Bioassays, using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a suitable substrate and reactant, can be applied for the photometric detection of AChE-inhibiton (AChE-I) effects. The oxidized forms of OTPs, so-called oxons, have higher inhibition potentials for AChE. Therefore, a higher sensitivity is achieved for application of oxidized samples to the AChE assay. In this study, the oxidation of malathion, parathion, and chlorpyrifos by n-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was investigated in an approach combining high-performance thin-layer chromatog. (HPTLC) with an AChE-I assay. Two AChE application approaches, immersion and spraying, were compared regarding sensitivity, precision, and general feasibility of the OTP effect detection. The oxidation by NBS led to an activation of the OTPs and a strong increase in sensitivity similar to the oxons tested. The sensitivity and precision of the two application techniques were similar, although the spray method was slightly more sensitive to the oxidized OTPs. The 10% inhibition concentrations (IC10) for the spray approach were 0.26, 0.75, and 0.35 ng/spot for activated malathion, parathion, and chlorpyrifos, resp. AChE-I effect recoveries in samples from a stormwater retention basin and receiving stream were between 69 and 92% for malathion, parathion, and chlorpyrifos. The overall workflow, including sample enrichment by solid-phase extraction, HPTLC, oxidation of OTPs, and AChE-I assay, was demonstrated to be suitable for the detection of AChE-I effects in native water samples. An effect of unknown origin was found in a sample from a stormwater retention basin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5SDS of cas: 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.SDS of cas: 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Mn-mediated reductive C(sp³)-Si coupling of activated secondary alkyl bromides with chlorosilanes was written by Qi, Liangliang;Pang, Xiaobo;Yin, Kai;Pan, Qiu-Quan;Wei, Xiao-Xue;Shu, Xing-Zhong. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane This article mentions the following:

Reductive coupling of activated secondary alkyl halides FG-CHXR¹ (FG = phosphinyl, sulfonyl; R¹ = Me, Et, PhCH₂CH₂, C₆H₁₃) with chlorosilane ClSiMe₂(CH:CH₂) mediated by manganese metal afforded secondary alkylsilanes FG-CH(R¹)SiMe₂(CH:CH₂) with high yields. The construction of secondary alkylsilanes is a challenging subject in the synthetic community. The cross-coupling provides a practical solution to address this problem, but it typically relies on organometallic species. Herein, we report an Mn-mediated reductive C(sp³)-Si coupling to synthesize these compounds from alkyl and silyl electrophiles. This approach avoids the requirement for activation of Si-Cl by transition metals and thus allows for the coupling of various common chlorosilanes. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and shows good functional group compatibility. The method offers access to α-silylated organophosphorus and sulfones with a scope that is complementary to those obtained from the established methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Understanding Molecular Factors That Determine Performance in the Rare Earth (TriNOx) Separations System was written by Cole, Bren E.;Cheisson, Thibault;Nelson, Joshua J. M.;Higgins, Robert F.;Gau, Michael R.;Carroll, Patrick J.;Schelter, Eric J.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2020.Application of 85118-24-7 This article mentions the following:

Rare earth metal complexes of the proligand: H₃TriNOx ([(2-tBuNOH)C₆H₃CH₂]₃N), have been shown to afford separations of simple mixtures of rare earth metal salts. In particular, separations systems were developed for applications to technol. relevant mixtures, e.g. Nd/Dy, and Eu/Y, for targeted, rare earths recycling chem. More recently, an electron-donating derivative of the proligand H₃TriNOxR (([(2-tBuNOH)C₆H₃RCH₂]₃N); R = 5-OMe) influenced the electronic and phys. properties to effect improved separations To further probe substituent effects, in the current work, derivatives with electron-donating and -withdrawing groups along the aryl-backbone were synthesized (R = 4-tBu, 5-Ph, 4-CF₃). The new proligands were coordinated to rare earths (RE) through protonolysis reactions and the resulting complexes (RE = Nd, Dy) were characterized. Dimerization equilibrium constants and molar solubility were determined where applicable. Overall, the studies indicated that increased electron-donation of the aryl-substituents resulted in an increased driving force for the dimerization of the Nd complexes. This dimerization equilibrium and resultant solubility differences were used to sep. mixtures of neodymium/dysprosium, as well as mixtures of europium/yttrium. These findings demonstrate the tunability of the TriNOx^3- framework to achieve tailored RE separations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Application of 85118-24-7).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Application of 85118-24-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

HDAC4 Inhibitors with Cyclic Linker and Non-hydroxamate Zinc Binding Group: Design, Synthesis, HDAC Screening and in vitro Cytotoxicity evaluation. was written by Tilekar, Kalpana;Hess, Jessica D.;Upadhyay, Neha;Schweipert, Markus;Flath, Felix;Gutierrez, Denisse A.;Loiodice, Fulvio;Lavecchia, Antonio;Meyer-Almes, Franz-Josef;Aguilera, Renato J.;Ramaa, C. S.. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2021.Application of 615-55-4 This article mentions the following:

Recent evidences highlight the usefulness of small mol. (Histone deacetylase 4) HDAC4 inhibitors in the several preclin. paradigms. Major toxicity and mutagenicity issues associated with hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors, stimulated us to develop potent non-hydroxamate inhibitors. In the present work a novel series of thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivatives with pyridine as cyclic linker and TZD ring as zinc binding group was designed and screened in a panel of isoenzymes of HDACs, wherein the most potent compounds exhibiting HDAC4 IC₅₀-values<5 μM were 5 v, 5 w, 5 y and 5 z (IC₅₀=4.2±1 μM, 0.75±0.03 μM, 4.9±0.5 and 2.3±0.5 μM, resp.). The docking studies displayed the unique binding mode of this series of compound at active site of HDAC4, wherein TZD ring was indicated as zinc binding group. Further, 5 w and 5 y were found as the most potent antiproliferative agent in lymphoblastic leukemia (CCRF-CEM) and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Compound 5 y was found to induce the apoptosis and DNA fragmentation of CEM cells. The western blotting anal. of 5 y also showed the presence of cleaved caspases supporting their apoptotic nature. Further, Class IIa (HDAC4) selectivity of 5 y was also supported by western blotting observations, wherein 5 y caused the accumulation of acetylated H3 but not of acetylated Tubulin. Thus, our findings endorse the further investigation of this series of compounds for their potential as targeted cancer therapeutic agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4Application of 615-55-4).

3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Application of 615-55-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Generation of Iminyl Copper Species from α-Azido Carbonyl Compounds and Their Catalytic C-C Bond Cleavage under an Oxygen Atmosphere was written by Chiba, Shunsuke;Zhang, Line;Ang, Gim Yean;Hui, Benjamin Wei-Qiang. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2010.Formula: C10H11BrO2 This article mentions the following:

A copper-catalyzed reaction of α-azidocarbonyl compounds under an oxygen atm. is reported where nitriles are formed via C-C bond cleavage of a transient iminyl copper intermediate. The transformation is carried out by a sequence of denitrogenative formation of iminyl copper species from α-azidocarbonyl compounds and their C-C bond cleavage, where mol. oxygen (1 atm) is a prerequisite to achieve the catalytic process and one of the oxygen atoms of O₂ was found to be incorporated into the β-carbon fragment as a carboxylic acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7Formula: C10H11BrO2).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Formula: C10H11BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Discovery of N-Ethyl-4-[2-(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy)-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)phenyl]-6-methyl-7-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide (ABBV-744), a BET Bromodomain Inhibitor with Selectivity for the Second Bromodomain was written by Sheppard, George S.;Wang, Le;Fidanze, Steven D.;Hasvold, Lisa A.;Liu, Dachun;Pratt, John K.;Park, Chang H.;Longenecker, Kenton;Qiu, Wei;Torrent, Maricel;Kovar, Peter J.;Bui, Mai;Faivre, Emily;Huang, Xiaoli;Lin, Xiaoyu;Wilcox, Denise;Zhang, Lu;Shen, Yu;Albert, Daniel H.;Magoc, Terrance J.;Rajaraman, Ganesh;Kati, Warren M.;McDaniel, Keith F.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H11Br This article mentions the following:

The BET family of proteins consists of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDt. Each protein contains two distinct bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). BET family bromodomain inhibitors under clin. development for oncol. bind to each of the eight bromodomains with similar affinities. We hypothesized that it may be possible to achieve an improved therapeutic index by selectively targeting subsets of the BET bromodomains. Both BD1 and BD2 are highly conserved across family members (>70% identity), whereas BD1 and BD2 from the same protein exhibit a larger degree of divergence (~40% identity), suggesting selectivity between BD1 and BD2 of all family members would be more straightforward to achieve. Exploiting the Asp144/His437 and Ile146/Val439 sequence differences (BRD4 BD1/BD2 numbering) allowed the identification of compound 27 demonstrating greater than 100-fold selectivity for BRD4 BD2 over BRD4 BD1. Further optimization to improve BD2 selectivity and oral bioavailability resulted in the clin. development compound 46 (ABBV-744). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7COA of Formula: C9H11Br).

2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.COA of Formula: C9H11Br

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary