Month: January 2023

Synthesis of saturated fatty acids ¹¹C(¹³C)-labeled in the ω-methyl position was written by Neu, Henrik;Kihlberg, Tor;Laangstroem, Bengt. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals in 1997.Synthetic Route of C15H29BrO2 This article mentions the following:

A method for the preparation of ω-labeled saturated fatty acids ¹¹C(¹³C)H₃(CH₂)_nCO₂H (n = 1,2,3,,6,10,14) is described. A highly reactive zerovalent copper complex was prepared from lithium naphthalenide reduced lithium(2-thienyl)iodocuprate. The labeling precursors were obtained by addition of tert-Bu ω-iodocarboxylates to the organocuprate and these were reacted with [¹¹C]methyl iodide to form ¹¹C-labeled, protected intermediates. The tert-Bu ester protecting group was rapidly removed with trifluoroacetic acid, affording fatty acids ¹¹C-labeled in the ω-Me position. A solid phase extraction method was developed and preceded final HPLC purification In a typical run starting with 2.75 GBq of [¹¹C]methyl iodide, 375 MBq (66%) [16-¹¹C]palmitic acid was obtained within 46 min from the end of radionuclide production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2Synthetic Route of C15H29BrO2).

15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Synthetic Route of C15H29BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Towards a novel explanation of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase enantioselectivity via molecular modelling of the enantiomer trajectory into the active site was written by Guieysse, David;Salagnad, Christophe;Monsan, Pierre;Remaud-Simeon, Magali;Tran, Vinh. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2003.Quality Control of Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

In the transesterification reaction between (RS)-2-bromophenyl acetic acid Et ester and 1-octanol in n-octane, Pseudomonas cepacia lipase enantioselectivity towards the (R)-isomer is 57. Two strategies are described to investigate the structural basis involved in this enzyme enantioselectivity. Mol. modeling of the tetrahedral intermediate mimicking the transition state enables the identification of two potentially productive substrate-binding modes for each enantiomer. However, the conformations obtained with the faster and slower-reacting enantiomers have equivalent potential energies and most of them possess the hydrogen bonds essential for catalysis. On this basis, it is not possible to distinguish the diastereomeric complexes. The second approach is original and consists in a simple but robust protocol of pseudomol. dynamics simulations under constraints to map the probable trajectory of the enantiomers in the active site. Enzyme/substrate interaction energy is always found to be lower for the faster-reacting enantiomer, which satisfactorily corroborates the exptl. results. Energy differences are attributed to specific interactions of these substrates with a network of hydrophobic residues lining the access path. Furthermore, mechanistic details suggest that the pivoting side chains of the hydrophobic residues act in a concerted step-tooth gear motion whose basic role is to select and guide the substrates towards the active site. With this type of lipase, such dynamic features could be the key explanation of this as yet unexplored enantiorecognition. For the slower-reacting enantiomer, it appears that the concerted motion of the side chains is perturbed when the substrate passes through a bottleneck formed by Val266 and Leu17. The enantioselectivity of mutant Val266Leu with a more bulky side chain at this position supports our assumption: by narrowing the bottleneck, the enantioselectivity was considerably enhanced as much as up to 200. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7Quality Control of Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Quality Control of Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and bioactivity of sulfide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and pyridine was written by Yu, Gang;Chen, Shunhong;He, Feng;Luo, Dexia;Zhang, Yu;Wu, Jian. And the article was included in Turkish Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Product Details of 474709-71-2 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel sulfide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and pyridine were synthesized, characterized, and tested for their antibacterial activity against tobacco bacterial wilt and rice bacterial blight and for insecticidal activity toward diamondback moth. The results showed that some compounds had good insecticidal and bactericidal activity, e.g., the activities of compounds 6e and 6g-6j toward tobacco bacterial wilt were much better than those of com. thiodiazole-copper, and some of the synthesized compounds possessed good insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Compounds 6d, 6h, 6j, 6l, 6p, 6r, and 6p displayed over 93% activity at 500 mg L^-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 474709-71-2Product Details of 474709-71-2).

Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 474709-71-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Product Details of 474709-71-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of new water-soluble sulfur-containing phenolic compounds was written by Zenkov, N. K.;Menshchikova, E. B.;Kandalintseva, N. V.;Oleynik, A. S.;Prosenko, A. E.;Gusachenko, O. N.;Shklyaeva, O. A.;Vavilin, V. A.;Lyakhovich, V. V.. And the article was included in Biochemistry (Moscow) in 2007.Recommanded Product: 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

We synthesized a series of structurally related water-soluble alkyl phenols – sodium 4-hydroxyphenyl Pr sulfonates and thiosulfonates with different number of tert-Bu groups at the ortho-position. In exptl. systems of transient metal-induced Et oleate and low-d. lipoprotein oxidation the antioxidant activity of the compounds increased when the tert-Bu group number at the ortho-position increased and when the sulfonate group was replaced with thiosulfonate. Compounds containing thiosulfonate group in para-Pr substituent also more effectively inhibited reactive oxygen metabolites generated in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and during morpholinosydnonimine decomposition compared to sulfonate-containing analogs. Phenols with one tert-Bu group at the ortho-position have been shown to exhibit the highest antiinflammatory activity in the model of carrageenan-induced rat paw inflammation, as well as with regard to the expression of the glutathione S-transferase P1-1 gene in HepG2 human hepatoma cell line. Thus, it can be reasonably speculated that the antiinflammatory activity of sulfur-containing phenolic antioxidants in vivo is mediated by their effect on redox-sensitive transcription factors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Recommanded Product: 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Recommanded Product: 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Clofelin analogs containing difluoromethoxy groups was written by Yagupol’skii, L. M.;Fialkov, Yu. A.;Tarasova, E. V.. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal in 2006.Related Products of 76361-99-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of 2-(2-chloro- or 2-bromo-6-difluoromethoxyphenylamino)imidazoline I (X = Cl or Br) hydrochlorides – clofelin analogs containing difluoromethoxy groups – have been synthesized. The introduction of difluoromethoxy groups decreased the toxicity, increased the duration of hypotensive action, and induced a less pronounced decrease in the heart rate in comparison to the action of clofelin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-2-nitrophenol (cas: 76361-99-4Related Products of 76361-99-4).

3-Bromo-2-nitrophenol (cas: 76361-99-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Related Products of 76361-99-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Multitarget Approach for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) and Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Covering Diverse Selectivity Profiles was written by Rabal, Obdulia;Sanchez-Arias, Juan A.;Cuadrado-Tejedor, Mar;de Miguel, Irene;Perez-Gonzalez, Marta;Garcia-Barroso, Carolina;Ugarte, Ana;Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza, Ander;Saez, Elena;Espelosin, Maria;Ursua, Susana;Tan, Haizhong;Wu, Wei;Xu, Musheng;Pineda-Lucena, Antonio;Garcia-Osta, Ana;Oyarzabal, Julen. And the article was included in ACS Chemical Neuroscience in 2019.Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate This article mentions the following:

Here, we present a series of dual-target phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors devised as pharmacol. tool compounds for assessing the implications of these two targets in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These novel inhibitors were designed taking into account the key pharmacophoric features of known selective PDE9 inhibitors as well as privileged chem. structures, bearing zinc binding groups (hydroxamic acids and ortho-amino anilides) that hit HDAC targets. These substituents were selected according to rational criteria and previous knowledge from our group to explore diverse HDAC selectivity profiles (pan-HDAC, HDAC6 selective, and class I selective) that were confirmed in biochem. screens. Their functional response in inducing acetylation of histone and tubulin and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) was measured as a requisite for further progression into complete in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and in vivo brain penetration profiling. Compound 31b, a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with acceptable brain permeability, was chosen for assessing in vivo efficacy of these first-in-class inhibitors, as well as studying their mode of action (MoA). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 474709-71-2Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 474709-71-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Heterobiaryl Human Immunodeficiency Virus Entry Inhibitors was written by Lu, Rong-Jian;Tucker, John A.;Pickens, Jason;Ma, You-An;Zinevitch, Tatiana;Kirichenko, Olga;Konoplev, Vitalii;Kuznetsova, Svetlana;Sviridov, Sergey;Brahmachary, Enugurthi;Khasanov, Alisher;Mikel, Charles;Yang, Yang;Liu, Changhui;Wang, Jian;Freel, Stephanie;Fisher, Shelly;Sullivan, Alana;Zhou, Jiying;Stanfield-Oakley, Sherry;Baker, Brian;Sailstad, Jeff;Greenberg, Michael;Bolognesi, Dani;Bray, Brian;Koszalka, Barney;Jeffs, Peter;Jeffries, Cynthia;Chucholowski, Alexander;Sexton, Connie. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2009.Safety of Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate This article mentions the following:

Previously disclosed HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) attachment inhibitors, exemplified by BMS 806 (formally BMS 378806), are characterized by a substituted indole or azaindole ring linked to a benzoylpiperazine via a ketoamide or sulfonamide group. In the present report, we describe the discovery of a novel series of potent HIV entry inhibitors in which the indole or azaindole ring of previous inhibitors is replaced by a heterobiaryl group. Several of these analogs exhibited IC₅₀ values of less than 5 nM in a pseudotyped antiviral assay, and a methylisoxazolylphenyloxoacetyl piperazine was demonstrated to exhibit potency and selectivity similar to those of BMS 378806 against a panel of clin. viral isolates. Moreover, current structure-activity relation studies of these novel biaryl gp120 inhibitors revealed that around the biaryl, a fine crevice might exist in the gp120 binding site. Taken in sum, these data reveal a hitherto unsuspected flexibility in the structure-activity relationships for these inhibitors and suggest new avenues for exploration and gp120 inhibitor design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2Safety of Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate).

Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Safety of Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Divergent isoindolinone synthesis through palladium-catalyzed isocyanide bridging C-H activation was written by Zhang, Fulin;Zhao, Ruihua;Zhu, Lei;Yu, Yinghua;Liao, Saihu;Wang, Zhi-Xiang;Huang, Xueliang. And the article was included in Cell Reports Physical Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H4BrF3O This article mentions the following:

An isocyanide-bridging C-H activation through the formation of a five-membered palladacycle was reported. As such, a proximal C-H bond in aldehyde moiety is activated selectively. The subsequent palladium shift and intramol. C=N bond insertion construct a valuable isoindolinone framework. Compared with conventional isocyanide-promoted C-H bond activation, both carbon and nitrogen atoms in isocyanide are engaged in new bond formations. Three types of isoindolinones I [R = t-Bu, cyclohexyl, Bn, etc.; R¹ = H, CN; R² = H, Bn, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl, etc.; R³ = H, F, OMe, etc.; R⁴ = H, Cl, NH₂, etc.; R⁵ = H, Me, OTs, etc.; -R₄R₅– = -OCH₂O-; -R₅R₆– = -(CH)₄-; R⁶ = H, OMe, etc.] can be obtained selectively by variations of the reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies shed light on the reaction pathways. The synthetic potential of current methodol. is demonstrated by providing concise routes to key intermediates of indoprofen, indobufen, aristolactams, lennoxamine, and falipamil. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Synthetic Route of C8H4BrF3O).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Synthetic Route of C8H4BrF3O

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

High-Throughput Discovery and Evaluation of a General Catalytic Method for N-Arylation of Weakly Nucleophilic Sulfonamides was written by Becica, Joseph;Hruszkewycz, Damian P.;Steves, Janelle E.;Elward, Jennifer M.;Leitch, David C.;Dobereiner, Graham E.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Computed Properties of C7H8BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

Through targeted high-throughput experimentation (HTE), authors have identified the Pd/AdBippyPhos catalyst system as an effective and general method to construct densely functionalized N,N-diaryl sulfonamide motifs relevant to medicinal chem. AdBippyPhos is particularly effective for the installation of heteroaromatic groups. Computational steric parametrization of the investigated ligands reveals the potential importance of remote steric demand, where a large cone angle combined with an accessible Pd center is correlated to successful catalysts for C-N coupling reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 1196-90-3Computed Properties of C7H8BrNO2).

Methyl 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 1196-90-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Computed Properties of C7H8BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Alkylated monoterpene indole alkaloid derivatives as potent P-glycoprotein inhibitors in resistant cancer cells was written by Cardoso, David S. P.;Kincses, Annamaria;Nove, Marta;Spengler, Gabriella;Mulhovo, Silva;Aires-de-Sousa, Joao;dos Santos, Daniel J. V. A.;Ferreira, Maria-Jose U.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C9H11BrO This article mentions the following:

Aiming at generating a series of monoterpene indole alkaloids with enhanced multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing activity in cancer, two major epimeric alkaloids isolated from Tabernaemontana elegans, tabernaemontanine and dregamine, were derivatized by alkylation of the indole nitrogen. Twenty-six new derivatives were prepared by reaction with different aliphatic and aromatic halides, whose structures were elucidated mainly by NMR, including 2D NMR experiments Their MDR reversal ability was evaluated through a functional assay, using as models resistant human colon adenocarcinoma and human ABCB1-gene transfected L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, overexpressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp), by flow cytometry. A considerable increase of activity was found for most of the derivatives, being the strongest P-gp inhibitors those sharing N-phenethyl moieties, displaying outstanding inhibitory activity, associated with weak cytotoxicity. Chemosensitivity assays were also performed in a model of combination chemotherapy in the same cell lines, by studying the in vitro interactions between the compounds and the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin. Most of the compounds have shown strong synergistic interactions with doxorubicin, highlighting their potential as MDR reversers. QSAR models were also explored for insights on drug-receptor interaction, and it was found that lipophilicity and bulkiness features were associated with inhibitory activity, although linear correlations were not observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0COA of Formula: C9H11BrO).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.COA of Formula: C9H11BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary