Simplified Synthetic Approach to Tetrabrominated Spiro-Cyclopentadithiophene and the Following Derivation to A-D-A Type Acceptor Molecules for Use in Polymer Solar Cells was written by Liu, Xiaochen;Zhang, Yuanxun;Wu, Jianchang;Ma, Yuchao;Lau, Kim K. T.;Fang, Jin;Ma, Chang-Qi;Lin, Yi. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione This article mentions the following:
4,4â?Spiro-bis[cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-bâ²]dithiophene] (SCT) is a versatile building block for constructing three-dimensional (3D) Ï-conjugated mols. for use in organic electronics. In this paper, we report a more convenient synthetic route to SCT and its derivatives, where a structurally sym. 3,3â?dibromo-5,5â?bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2â?bithiophene (2) serves as the precursor for both the synthesis of 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-bâ²]dithiophen-4-one (4) and 4-(5,5â?bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2â?bithiophen-3-yl)-2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4-hydroxy-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-bâ²]dithiophene (5). The later one is the key intermediate for the final brominated SCT building block. Such a “two birds with one stone” strategy simplifies the synthetic approach to the SCT core. Functionalization on the SCT core with different terminal electron-deficient groups, including 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (ID), 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC), and 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (FIC), was carried out, yielding three spiro-conjugated A-D-A type mols., SCT-(TID)4, SCT-(TIC)4, SCT-(TFIC)4, resp. The optical spectroscopy and electrochem. properties of these three compounds were investigated and compared to the corresponding linear oligomers. Results revealed that the IC and TFIC terminated compounds showed low-lying HOMO/LUMO energy levels with reduced optical bandgap, making them more suitable for use in polymer solar cells. A power conversion efficiency of 3.73% was achieved for the SCT-(TFIC)4 based cell, demonstrating the application perspective of 3D mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Quality Control of 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione).
1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Quality Control of 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary