Month: February 2023

Phenoxyaromatic Acid Analogues as Novel Radiotherapy Sensitizers: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation was written by Zhang, Hongquan;Wen, Chunxi;Li, Bingting;Yan, Xinlin;Xu, Yangrong;Guo, Jialin;Hou, Shi;Chang, Jiajia;Li, Song;Xiao, Junhai. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Computed Properties of C6H5BrClN This article mentions the following:

Radiotherapy is a vital approach for brain tumor treatment. The standard treatment for glioblastoma (GB) is maximal surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the non-sensitivity of tumor cells in the hypoxic area of solid tumors to radiotherapy may cause radioresistance. Therefore, radiotherapy sensitizers that increase the oxygen concentration within the tumor are promising for increasing the effectiveness of radiation. Inspired by Hb allosteric oxygen release regulators, a series of novel phenoxyacetic acid analogs were designed and synthesized. A numerical method was applied to determine the activity and safety of newly synthesized compounds In vitro studies on the evaluation of red blood cells revealed that compounds 19c (ΔP₅₀ = 45.50 mmHg) and 19t (ΔP₅₀ = 44.38 mmHg) improve the oxygen-releasing property effectively compared to pos. control efaproxiral (ΔP₅₀ = 36.40 mmHg). Preliminary safety evaluation revealed that 19c exhibited no cytotoxicity towards HEK293 and U87MG cells, while 19t was cytotoxic toward both cells with no selectivity. An in vivo activity assay confirmed that 19c exhibited a radiosensitization effect on orthotopically transplanted GB in mouse brains. Moreover, a pharmacokinetic study in rats showed that 19c was orally available. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-5-chlorophenylamine (cas: 96558-78-0Computed Properties of C6H5BrClN).

3-Bromo-5-chlorophenylamine (cas: 96558-78-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Computed Properties of C6H5BrClN

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Blue Phosphorescence with High Quantum Efficiency Engaging the Trifluoromethylsulfonyl Group to Iridium Phenylpyridine Complexes was written by Kim, Jin-Hyoung;Kim, So-Yoen;Jang, Seol;Yi, Seungjun;Cho, Dae Won;Son, Ho-Jin;Kang, Sang Ook. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 454-65-9 This article mentions the following:

Incorporation of an electron-withdrawing – SO₂CF₃ substituent to cyclometalating CN̂-phenylpyridine (ppy) ligand resulted in an expected blue-shifted phosphorescence in the corresponding homoleptic Ir(ppySCF₃)₃ complex, showing the emission of λ_em = 464 nm at 300 K. One of its heteroleptic derivatives, modified by a pyrazolyl borate LX ligand, Ir(ppySCF₃)₂(bor), exhibited further blue-shifted phosphorescence of λ_em = 460 nm at 300 K. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and d.-functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the efficacy of the electron-withdrawing capability of the SO₂CF₃ substituent lowering HOMO energy, and obtained widened bandgaps and resumed blue emissions for all of the Ir complexes studied. The homoleptic complexes of both substituents, Ir(ppySCF₃)₃ and Ir(ppySF)₃, reached the higher quantum yields (Φ_PL) of (0.89 and 0.72), resp. Similarly, emission quantum yields (Φ_PL) of the heteroleptic derivatives were reported to be (0.75, 0.83, and 0.87) for Ir(ppySCF₃)₂(acac), Ir(ppySCF₃)₂(bor), and Ir(ppySCF₃)₂(pic), resp. Emission kinetics support the enhanced quantum efficiency when k_r and k_nr values are compared between Ir(ppySCF₃)₃ and Ir(ppySF)₃, and both values favorably contribute to attaining a higher quantum efficiency for Ir(ppySCF₃)₃. Among solution-processed multilayered devices having an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA:Ir dopant (10:1, weight/weight)/TmPyPB/Liq/Al structure, a heteroleptic dopant, Ir(ppySCF₃)₂(bor), exhibited better device performance, reporting an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.14%, current efficiency (CE) of 2.31 cd A^-1, and power efficiency (PE) of 1.21 lm W^1-, together with blue chromaticity of CIE_x,y = (0.16, 0.32). Blue phosphorescence of Ir(III) complexes can be tuned with the introducing of strong electron withdrawing substituents and the variation in the ancillary ligands. Crystallog. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromobenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride (cas: 454-65-9HPLC of Formula: 454-65-9).

3-Bromobenzene-1-sulfonyl fluoride (cas: 454-65-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.HPLC of Formula: 454-65-9

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Structure-activity comparison in palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed arene C-H activation- functionalization was written by Mondal, Moumita;Choudhury, Joyanta. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 35065-86-2 This article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient C-H activation catalyst was identified through a model structure-activity screening applied to a noncooperative, nonsym. bimetallic palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex. Mechanistic studies based on kinetics and DOSY NMR spectroscopy provided the origin of the higher efficiency of the identified catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2HPLC of Formula: 35065-86-2).

3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.HPLC of Formula: 35065-86-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Carbonylative cycloaddition between two different alkenes enabled by reactive directing groups: expedited construction of bridged polycyclic skeletons was written by Gao, Bingjian;Zou, Suchen;Yang, Guoqing;Ding, Yongzheng;Huang, Hanmin. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Name: 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A novel palladium-catalyzed highly selective hydrocarbonylative cycloaddition reaction with two different alkenes in the presence of CO enabled by a reactive directing-group is developed, which offered efficient and convenient access to lactone-containing bridged polycyclic compounds in high yield with high chemo- and stereoselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Name: 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Name: 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Catalytic, Directed C-C Bond Functionalization of Styrenes was written by Onodera, Shunsuke;Togashi, Ryo;Ishikawa, Soya;Kochi, Takuya;Kakiuchi, Fumitoshi. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Name: 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene This article mentions the following:

A method for catalytic conversion of C(aryl)-C(alkenyl) bonds in styrene derivatives R¹-2-R²C₆H₃C(=CHR₄)R³ (R¹ = H, 4-Me, 3-Cl, 5-Me, etc.; R² = 1-pyrazolyl, 2-pyridyl; R³ = H, Me, Ph, 4-methoxyphenyl, etc.; R₄ = H, Ph, 4-chlorophenyl) to new C-C bonds is developed. In the presence of a rhodium catalyst, the alkenyl groups of styrenes bearing a pyrazolyl directing group were efficiently converted to other carbon substituents upon reacting with various alkenes RCH=CH₂ (R = 4-methylhex-1-en-1-yl, 2-cyclohexylethenyl, 2-phenylethenyl, etc.) and allyl alcs. R⁵CH(OH)CH=CH₂(R⁵ = cyclohexyl, Me, Et, etc.). It is also indicated that the C-C bond cleavage proceeded via a hydrometalation/β-carbon elimination pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0Name: 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene).

3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Name: 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The discovery of long-acting saligenin β₂ adrenergic receptor agonists incorporating a urea group was written by Procopiou, Panayiotis A.;Barrett, Victoria J.;Ford, Alison J.;Looker, Brian E.;Lunniss, Gillian E.;Needham, Deborah;Smith, Claire E.;Somers, Graham. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2011.Synthetic Route of C7H7BrN2O2 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel, potent and selective human β₂ adrenoceptor agonists incorporating a urea moiety on the terminal right-hand side Ph ring of (R)-salmeterol is presented. Urea 9j (I) had long duration of action in vitro on guinea pig trachea, and also in vivo similar to that of salmeterol. It had lower oral absorption and bioavailability than salmeterol in both rat and dog. It had a turnover ratio similar to salmeterol, with no evidence for formation of any aniline metabolites in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes. However no crystalline salts suitable for inhaled delivery were identified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-nitroaniline (cas: 827-24-7Synthetic Route of C7H7BrN2O2).

2-Bromo-4-methyl-6-nitroaniline (cas: 827-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Synthetic Route of C7H7BrN2O2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Chromones was written by Shen, Chaoren;Li, Wanfang;Yin, Hongfei;Spannenberg, Anke;Skrydstrup, Troels;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2016.Computed Properties of C7H6BrF This article mentions the following:

An unexpected palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted chromones I (R = 7-Me, 6-Cl, 6-CHF₂, etc.; R¹ = 2-Me, 4-MeO, 2,4-Cl₂, etc.; R² = 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-MeC₆H₄, CH₂C₆H₅, etc.) has been developed. Starting from 2-bromofluorobenzenes R⁴2-BrFC₆H₃ (R⁴ = 4-Me, 5-Me, 6-F, etc.) and ketones R²(O)CCH₂C₆H₄R¹, the corresponding chromones I were produced in good yields. By control experiments, this transformation was found to proceed through a sequential carbonylation/Claisen-Hasse rearrangement/intramol. nucleophilic aromatic substitution approach (SNAr). More specifically, the reaction sequence started with a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of the ketone with o-bromofluorobenzene to give the vinyl benzoates, which subsequently transformed into 1,3-diketones via a Claisen-Hasse rearrangement. The final products were produced after an intramol. SNAr reaction of the in situ formed 1,3-diketone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0Computed Properties of C7H6BrF).

3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Computed Properties of C7H6BrF

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Cytotoxic and antivascular 1-methyl-4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(halophenyl)-imidazoles was written by Biersack, Bernhard;Muthukumar, Yazh;Schobert, Rainer;Sasse, Florenz. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2011.Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A series of 1-methyl-4,5-diphenylimidazoles 6 with various patterns of m-halogen substitution at the 5-Ph ring were tested for cytotoxicity in cancer and nonmalignant cell lines and for their capacity to prevent tube formation in HUVEC cultures. Unlike the monofluoro and difluoro derivatives 6a and 6e, the monobromo and diiodo analogs 6c and 6h were strongly cytotoxic and inhibited the polymerization of tubulin and the tube formation by HUVEC. The dibromo derivative 6g displayed a unique selectivity for KB-3-1 cervix and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. It also inhibited the tube formation by HUVEC and the polymerization of tubulin which is indicative of its potential antiangiogenic activity in solid tumors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Application In Synthesis of 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Halogen derivatives of quinone. Part II was written by Ling, Arthur R.;Baker, Julian L.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions in 1892.COA of Formula: C6H3BrClNO3 This article mentions the following:

The behavior of chlorotribromoquinone and trichlorobromoquinone toward alkalis was investigated. Chlorotribromoquinone, when heated with potassium hydroxide solution, yields chlorobromanilic acid, whereas the action of potassium hydroxide on quinone produces potassium chlorobromanilate. The action of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide on quinone leads to the formation of a compound consisting of chlorobromanilate and bromanilate. Trichlorobromoquinone, when treated with potassium hydroxide, produces a uniform product consisting of chloranilate and chlorobromanilate, contrary to previous experiments in which chlorobromanilic acid was obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-nitrophenol (cas: 58349-01-2COA of Formula: C6H3BrClNO3).

4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-nitrophenol (cas: 58349-01-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. COA of Formula: C6H3BrClNO3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

pK_a Values and Geometries of Secondary and Tertiary Amines Complexed to Boronic Acids-Implications for Sensor Design was written by Wiskur, Sheryl L.;Lavigne, John J.;Ait-Haddou, Hassan;Lynch, Vincent;Chiu, Yu Hung;Canary, James W.;Anslyn, Eric V.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2001.Application of 166821-88-1 This article mentions the following:

The pK_a values and the geometries of secondary and tertiary amines adjacent to boronic acids (e.g. 2-(PhCH₂NRCH₂)C₆H₄B(OH)₂; R = H, Me) were determined using potentiometric and ¹¹B NMR titrations The studies showed that the secondary ammonium ion has a pK_a similar to that of the tertiary ammonium species, which gives tetrahedral B centers at pH values â‰?.5. Therefore, secondary amines as well as tertiary amines, when placed proximal to B centers, can be used to create tetrahedral boronic acids at neutral pH for diol complexation. The mol. structure of 2,6-(2-(2-((HO)₂B)C₆H₄CH₂NHCH₂)-4-pyrimidinyl)₂pyridine was determined by x-ray crystallog. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(Bromomethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane (cas: 166821-88-1Application of 166821-88-1).

2-(2-(Bromomethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane (cas: 166821-88-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application of 166821-88-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary