Month: February 2023

Preparation and Reactions of CF₃-Containing Phthalides was written by Mitobe, Kana;Terashima, Kyu;Kawasaki-Takasuka, Tomoko;Agou, Tomohiro;Kubota, Toshio;Yamazaki, Takashi. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Formula: C10H8Br2O4 This article mentions the following:

We have demonstrated that reactions of aromatic 1,2-diesters and the Ruppert-Prakash reagent (TMSCF₃) afforded hitherto unknown phthalides with both trifluoromethyl (CF₃) and alkoxy groups at the 3 position. Their unique transformation was also investigated in detail to attain construction of a variety of very rare types of compounds, such as 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans as well as indanones with a CF₃ moiety, whose behavior was completely different from the structurally similar hydroxy compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 4,5-dibromophthalate (cas: 859299-66-4Formula: C10H8Br2O4).

Dimethyl 4,5-dibromophthalate (cas: 859299-66-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Formula: C10H8Br2O4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Base strengths of (锠?methoxyalkyl)triphenyl- and (锠?methoxyalkyl)diphenylmethylsilanes was written by Bellama, Jon M.;Harmon, Linda A.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 1978.Quality Control of 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane This article mentions the following:

The basicity of MeO(CH₂)_nSiPh₃ (I) and of MeO(CH₂)_nSiMePh₂ (II), determined from the difference between their IR in Et₂O or MeOH-CCl₄, is n = 1 << n = 2 > n = 3. A combination of inductive, steric, hyperconjugative, and conjugative effects is responsible for this basicity order. The mass spectral fragmentation of I and II involved rearrangements of the O atom to Si. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Quality Control of 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Quality Control of 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Fabrication and performance of all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using synthetic carboxylated and pyridylated chlorophyll derivatives was written by Cui, Yuxiao;Zhao, Wenjie;Ogasawara, Shin;Wang, Xiao-Feng;Tamiaki, Hitoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C8H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

All-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on a mesoporous TiO₂ electrode were fabricated using synthetic chlorophyll derivatives as a photosensitizer and 2,2閳?7,7閳?tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9閳?spirobifluorene as a hole-transport material. Me pyropheophorbides-a possessing a carboxy group in the C3-substituent as the anchoring moiety to the TiO₂ surface were effective DSSCs. Direct conjugation of the COOH group with the terminus of the C3-vinyl group gave the highest solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (鐣? of 2.25%. Insertion of a 1,3-phenylene group in the connection partially suppressed the efficiency by 25% (鐣?= 1.68%), whereas insertion of an isomeric 1,4-phenylene moiety decreased to one third (0.75%). A pyridyl group was not useful as the sensitizer anchor due to its low binding affinity to the TiO₂ electrode. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8Electric Literature of C8H7BrO2).

3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Electric Literature of C8H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Studies on the Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Aziridines with Alkenes for the Synthesis of 1-Azaspiroalkanes was written by Martinand-Lurin, Elodie;Gruber, Raymond;Retailleau, Pascal;Fleurat-Lessard, Paul;Dauban, Philippe. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

The Lewis acid-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition of N-sulfonyl- and N-sulfamoylaziridines with alkenes provides a rapid and efficient access to 1-azaspiro[4.n]alkanes. Exptl. studies have been combined with DFT calculations to explore the mechanism of the reaction. They demonstrate that the nature of the electron-withdrawing nitrogen protecting group has a very limited influence on the course of the reaction and, particularly, on the initial formation of the 1,3-zwitterionic species through C-N bond cleavage, which has been found to be the rate-determining step. Compared to N-sulfonylaziridines, N-sulfamoylaziridines have proved to be more synthetically useful synthons that afford crystalline polycyclic structures in good yields. A short sequence of catalytic C(sp³)-H amination-cyclization-[3+2] cycloaddition has then been successfully designed to afford the homolog 1-azaspiro[5.n]alkanes, thereby illustrating the higher versatility of sulfamates in these cycloadditions In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Application In Synthesis of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Application In Synthesis of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Reactivity of thienopyrroles. Synthesis of isomeric nitro and bromothienopyrroles was written by Eras, J.;Galvez, C.;Garcia, F.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1984.HPLC of Formula: 18791-79-2 This article mentions the following:

The isomeric thienopyrroles I and II (R = H, Br) were prepared by thermal cyclization of the azidothienylacrylates III and IV. III and IV were prepared from the corresponding thiophenecarboxaldehydes and N₃CH₂CO₂Et. I and II (R = NO₂) were prepared by nitration of I and II (R = H). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromothiophene-3-carbaldehyde (cas: 18791-79-2HPLC of Formula: 18791-79-2).

5-Bromothiophene-3-carbaldehyde (cas: 18791-79-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.HPLC of Formula: 18791-79-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: New inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities was written by Zhang, Yi-Nan;Zhang, Wei;Hong, Di;Shi, Lei;Shen, Qiang;Li, Jing-Ya;Li, Jia;Hu, Li-Hong. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2008.HPLC of Formula: 6515-58-8 This article mentions the following:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is a key factor in the neg. regulation of insulin pathway and a promising target for treatment of diabetes and obesity. Herein, a series of competitive inhibitors were optimized from oleanolic acid, a natural triterpenoid identified against PTP1B by screening libraries of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Modifying at 3 and 28 positions, the authors obtained compound (I) with a K_i of 130 nM, which exhibited good selectivity between other phosphatases involved in insulin pathway except T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase. Further evaluation in cell models illustrated that the derivatives enhanced insulin receptor phosphorylation in CHO/hIR cells and also stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes with or addition of without insulin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8HPLC of Formula: 6515-58-8).

3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.HPLC of Formula: 6515-58-8

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Discovery of 1-(3,3-Dimethylbutyl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)urea (LY3009120) as a Pan-RAF Inhibitor with Minimal Paradoxical Activation and Activity against BRAF or RAS Mutant Tumor Cells was written by Henry, James R.;Kaufman, Michael D.;Peng, Sheng-Bin;Ahn, Yu Mi;Caldwell, Timothy M.;Vogeti, Lakshminarayana;Telikepalli, Hanumaiah;Lu, Wei-Ping;Hood, Molly M.;Rutkoski, Thomas J.;Smith, Bryan D.;Vogeti, Subha;Miller, David;Wise, Scott C.;Chun, Lawrence;Zhang, Xiaoyi;Zhang, Youyan;Kays, Lisa;Hipskind, Philip A.;Wrobleski, Aaron D.;Lobb, Karen L.;Clay, Julia M.;Cohen, Jeffrey D.;Walgren, Jennie L.;McCann, Denis;Patel, Phenil;Clawson, David K.;Guo, Sherry;Manglicmot, Danalyn;Groshong, Chris;Logan, Cheyenne;Starling, James J.;Flynn, Daniel L.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline This article mentions the following:

The RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK cascade is an essential signaling pathway, with activation typically mediated through cell surface receptors. The kinase inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib, which target oncogenic BRAF V600E, have shown significant clin. efficacy in melanoma patients harboring this mutation. Because of paradoxical pathway activation, both agents were demonstrated to promote growth and metastasis of tumor cells with RAS mutations in preclin. models and are contraindicated for treatment of cancer patients with BRAF WT background, including patients with KRAS or NRAS mutations. To eliminate the issues associated with paradoxical MAPK pathway activation and to provide therapeutic benefit to patients with RAS mutant cancers, we sought to identify a compound not only active against BRAF V600E but also wild type BRAF and CRAF. On the basis of its superior in vitro and in vivo profile, compound 13 was selected for further development and is currently being evaluated in phase I clin. studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline (cas: 945244-29-1Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline).

5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline (cas: 945244-29-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon鑱砨romine bond is electrophilic in nature. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Heterocyclics. XIII. Synthesis of substituted bromothiophenes was written by Fournari, Pierre;Guilard, Roger;Person, Maurice. And the article was included in Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France in 1967.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Bromothiophenecarboxaldehydes of the general formula I are prepared and treated with aryl ketones to give compounds of the general formula II. Thus, 66 g. 2,3-dibromothiophene is treated with 0.273 mole BuLi and the organic Li compound obtained is treated with 30 g. HCONMe2 to give 13.5 g. 3-bromo-2-formylthiophene (III), b12 109-12鎺? thiosemicarbazone m. 246鎺? oxime m. 159鎺? Similarly prepared are (b.p./mm., m.p., m.p. thiosemicarbazone, and m.p. oxime given): I (R = R3 = H, R1 = CHO, R2 = Br), 118-20鎺?13, -, 221鎺? 104鎺? I (R = R1 = CHO, R2 = Br, R3 = H), 158-60鎺?13, 117-18鎺? -, -. I [R = R2 = R3 = H, R1 = CH(OEt)2] is treated with 0.13 mole BuLi and a solution of 12 g. Br is added to give 5 g. I (R = Br, R1 = CHO, R2 = R3 = H), m. 34鎺?(hexane); thiosemicarbazone m. 235鎺? oxime m. 86鎺? Similarly prepared are the following I (R2 = H) (R, R1, R3, b.p./mm., m.p., m.p. thiosemicarbazone, and m.p. oxime given): H, CHO, Br, 114-16鎺?17-18, -, 180鎺? 91鎺? Br, CHO, Br, 122-35鎺?12-14, 45-6鎺?(ligroine), 266鎺? 136鎺? The following I (R1 = H) are prepared according to known methods (R, R2, R3, b.p./mm., m.p., m.p. thiosemicarbazone, and m.p. oxime given): CHO, Br, H, -, 45-6鎺? 216鎺? 174鎺? CHO, H, Br, 112-14鎺?14, -, 173-4鎺? 152-4鎺? A mixture of 0.01 mole 0-HOC6H4Ac, 0.01 mole III, 1 ml. 5N NaOH, and 10 ml. EtOH is heated 2 hrs. at 60鎺?to give 10% 0-hydroxyphenyl 2-(3-bromo-2-thienyl)vinyl ketone, m. 124鎺? Similarly prepared are the following II (R = R2 = H, R1 = Br) (Ar, m.p., and % yield given): 0-HOC6H4, 108鎺? 11; 2,5-HO(O2N)C6H3, 195鎺? 65. A mixture of 0.01 mole 5-bromo-2-acetylthiophene, 0.01 mole 2-formylthiophene, 3.2 ml. N NaOH, and 20 ml. EtOH is refrigerated 2 hrs. to give 20% II (R = R1 = R2 = H, Ar + 5-bromo-2-thienyl), m. 113鎺? Similarly prepared are the following II (R2 = H) (Ar, R, R1, m.p., and % yield given): 5-bromo-2-thienyl, H, Br, 135鎺? 33; 5-bromo-2-thienyl, Br, H, 144鎺? 40; 2-thienyl, Br, H, 100鎺? 60; 2-pyridyl, Br, H, 145鎺? 80; 2-pyridyl, H, Br, 136鎺? 70. 3-Bromo-2-cyanothiophene (m. 50鎺? and the following I are prepared according to the P. Reynaud-R. Delaby method for the preparation of 2-cyanothiophene (R, R1, R2, R3, b.p./mm., and m.p. given): CN, H, Br, H, -, 45鎺?(ether-ligroine); CN, H, H, Br, 124鎺?34, -; Br, CN, H, H, 130鎺?22, -; H, CN, Br, H, -, 56 (ether-ligroine); H, CN, H, Br, -, 33鎺?(aqueous alc.); Br, CN, H, Br, -, 76鎺?(aqueous alc.). The bromocyanothiophenes (0.01 mole) are treated with 10 ml. H2O2 at 50鎺?in the presence of 4 ml. 25% KOH to give 4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxamide, m. 153-4鎺? and the following I (R, R1, R2, R3, and m.p. given): CONH2, H, H, Br, 164鎺? Br, CONH2, H, H, 142鎺? H, CONH2, Br, H, 146鎺? H, CONH2, H, Br, 146鎺? Br, CONH2, H, Br, 140-1鎺? CONH2, Br, H, H, 103鎺? 5-Bromo-3-formylthiophene (0.005 mole) is treated with 800 mg. KMnO4 to give 0.6 g. 5-bromo-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid, m. 139鎺?(aqueous alc.). Similarly prepared are the following I (R, R1, R2, R3, and m.p. given): CO2H, Br, H, H, 197-8鎺? CO2H, H, Br, H, 123鎺? CO2H, H, H, Br, 142鎺? Br, CO2H, H, H, 180鎺? H, CO2H, Br, H, 159鎺? H, CO2H, H, Br, 139鎺? Br, CO2H, H, Br, 178鎺? N.M.R. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromothiophene-3-carbaldehyde (cas: 18791-79-2Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

5-Bromothiophene-3-carbaldehyde (cas: 18791-79-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Customized Buchwald-type phosphines bearing an “inverted” pyrimidinium betaine as an aryl group surrogate – synthesis and coordination chemistry with gold(I) was written by Noel-Duchesneau, Ludovik;Lugan, Noel;Lavigne, Guy;Labande, Agnes;Cesar, Vincent. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2015.Quality Control of Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

A new ligand scaffold I (1, R = ⁱPr) inspired by Buchwald-type phosphines is disclosed. Its design consists of the formal replacement of the distal aryl group of the original archetype by a pyrimidinium betaine connected to the o-phosphinophenyl moiety through the C-5 position of its malonate subunit. A productive synthetic pathway towards this phosphine is described along with its ability to coordinate to a gold(I) center. A weak bonding interaction between the metal center and the malonate group is observed in the solid state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7Quality Control of Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Quality Control of Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

New Analogs of Polyamine Toxins from Spiders and Wasps: Liquid Phase Fragment Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity was written by Vassileiou, Christos;Kalantzi, Stefania;Vachlioti, Eleanna;Athanassopoulos, Constantinos M.;Koutsakis, Christos;Piperigkou, Zoi;Karamanos, Nikos;Stivarou, Theodora;Lymberi, Peggy;Avgoustakis, Konstantinos;Papaioannou, Dionissios. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Polyamine toxins (PATs) are conjugates of polyamines (PAs) with lipophilic carboxylic acids, which have been recently shown to present antiproliferative activity. Ten analogs of the spider PATs Agel 416, HO-416b, and JSTX-3 and the wasp PAT PhTX-433 were synthesized with changes in the lipophilic head group and/or the PA chain, and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, using Agel 416 and HO-416b as reference compounds All five analogs of PhTX-433 were of very low activity on both cell lines, whereas the two analogs of JSTX-3 were highly active only on the MCF-7 cell line with IC₅₀ values of 2.63-2.81 娓璏. Of the remaining three Agel 416 or HO-416b analogs, only the one with the spermidine chain was highly active on both cells with IC₅₀ values of 3.15-12.6 娓璏. The two most potent compounds in this series, Agel 416 and HO-416b, with IC₅₀ values of 0.09-3.98 娓璏 for both cell lines, were found to have a very weak cytotoxic effect on the MCF-12A normal breast cells. The present study points out that the structure of both the head group and the PA chain determine the strength of the antiproliferative activity of PATs and their selectivity towards different cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4HPLC of Formula: 954-81-4).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.HPLC of Formula: 954-81-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary