Month: February 2023

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Auxin Mimic Herbicides was written by Do-Thanh, Chi-Linh;Vargas, Jose J.;Thomas, Joseph W.;Armel, Gregory R.;Best, Michael D.. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2016.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3-bromo-5-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

Due to the key roles of auxins as master regulators of plant growth, there is considerable interest in the development of compounds with auxin-like properties for growth management and weed control applications. Herein, we describe the design and multistep synthesis of ten compounds bearing combinations of functional groups commonly associated with auxin-type properties. Following synthesis, these compounds were tested against multiple weed species as well as sweet corn. In general, while these structures were not quite as active as com. auxin mimic herbicides, multiple compounds exhibited broadleaf weed activity with concurrent selectivity in sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharum). In addition, differential results were observed upon subtle changes to structure, providing insights into the structural properties required for activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-bromo-5-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 192810-12-1Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3-bromo-5-hydroxybenzoate).

Methyl 3-bromo-5-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 192810-12-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3-bromo-5-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Analyzing Site Selectivity in Rh₂(esp)₂-Catalyzed Intermolecular C-H Amination Reactions was written by Bess, Elizabeth N.;DeLuca, Ryan J.;Tindall, Daniel J.;Oderinde, Martins S.;Roizen, Jennifer L.;Du Bois, J.;Sigman, Matthew S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2014.Quality Control of Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide This article mentions the following:

Predicting site selectivity in C-H bond oxidation reactions involving heteroatom transfer is challenged by the small energetic differences between disparate bond types and the subtle interplay of steric and electronic effects that influence reactivity. Herein, the factors governing selective Rh₂(esp)₂-catalyzed C-H amination of isoamylbenzene derivatives are investigated, where modification to both the nitrogen source, a sulfamate ester, and substrate are shown to impact isomeric product ratios. Linear regression math. modeling is used to define a relationship that equates both IR stretching parameters and Hammett 锜?sup>+ values to the differential free energy of benzylic vs. tertiary C-H amination. This model has informed the development of a novel sulfamate ester, which affords the highest benzylic-to-tertiary site selectivity (9.5:1) observed for this system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (cas: 28322-40-9Quality Control of Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide).

Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (cas: 28322-40-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Quality Control of Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of Phenothiazine via Ferric Citrate Catalyzed C-S/C-N Cross-Coupling was written by Das, Tonmoy Chitta;Imam Quadri, Syed Aziz;Farooqui, Mazahar. And the article was included in Letters in Organic Chemistry in 2019.SDS of cas: 82702-31-6 This article mentions the following:

Efficient C-S and C-N cross-coupling reactions have been developed for regioselective, scalable and environmentally benign synthesis of substituted phenothiazine derivatives I (R = H, CN, COOMe, CONH₂, Cl, COOH, Br, CF₃). Cross-coupling reactions were demonstrated on various challenging substrates using non-toxic, highly economical, readily available ferric citrate as a catalyst to get desired products I with high regioselectivity. Atom economy is the added advantage of this protocol since addnl. N-protection step before coupling and eventual deprotection of the same to obtain the desired product are not required. This is the first report on the use of inexpensive ferric citrate as a catalyst without involving any ligand for the synthesis of regioselectively substituted phenothiazines I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 82702-31-6SDS of cas: 82702-31-6).

Methyl 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 82702-31-6) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.SDS of cas: 82702-31-6

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of regioselectively and uniformly modified maltoheptaose derivatives from cyclomaltoheptaose precursors was written by Lesur, David;Gassama, Abdoulaye;Moreau, Vincent;Pilard, Serge;Djedaini-Pilard, Florence. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Research in 2005.Synthetic Route of C42H63Br7O28 This article mentions the following:

Heptadeoxy-6^I-VII-halo, -azido, and hepta-6^I-VII S-hepta(N-Boc-2-amino)ethyl-6^I-VII-heptathiomaltoheptaose derivatives were prepared by acetolysis of the corresponding per-C-6-modified 灏?cyclodextrin derivatives The rapid and convenient structural characterization of all of the modified oligosaccharides by ESIMS is described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-灏?Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1Synthetic Route of C42H63Br7O28).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-灏?Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Synthetic Route of C42H63Br7O28

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Cyclodextrin-based facial amphiphiles: assessing the impact of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance in the self-assembly, DNA complexation and gene delivery capabilities was written by Pflueger, Iris;Charrat, Coralie;Mellet, Carmen Ortiz;Garcia Fernandez, Jose M.;Di Giorgio, Christophe;Benito, Juan M.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2016.HPLC of Formula: 53784-83-1 This article mentions the following:

Exhaustive structure-efficacy relation studies on nonviral gene delivery systems are often hampered by the ill-defined or polydisperse nature of the formulations. Facial amphiphiles based on rigid cage-type mol. scaffolds offer unique possibilities towards these studies. Taking advantage of regioselective functionalization schemes, we have synthesized a library of cationic cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives combining a range of hydrophilic and lipophilic domains. We have scrutinized how the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) around the CD scaffold determines their self-assembly capabilities and the DNA binding and release abilities of the corresponding CD : DNA nanocomplexes (CDplexes). These features have been ultimately correlated with their capabilities to deliver a reporter luciferase-encoding pDNA into COS-7 cells. The ensemble of results demonstrates that fine tuning of the HLB is critical to induce compaction of DNA by the CD-based facial amphiphiles into transfection-productive CDplexes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-灏?Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1HPLC of Formula: 53784-83-1).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-灏?Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.HPLC of Formula: 53784-83-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Novel [¹⁸F]FDG-Conjugated 2-Nitroimidazole Derivatives for Tumor Hypoxia Imaging was written by Yang, Xianteng;Wang, Fan;Zhu, Hua;Yang, Zhi;Chu, Taiwei. And the article was included in Molecular Pharmaceutics in 2019.Product Details of 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Hypoxia imaging can guide tumor treatment and monitor changes in hypoxia during treatment. However, there is still no ideal hypoxia imaging agent for clin. applications. In this study, two novel 2-nitromidazole derivatives were synthesized and directly radiolabeled by [¹⁸F]FDG in high radiochem. yield and excellent radiochem. purity. Cell experiments, biodistribution, and positron emission tomog. (PET) imaging studies were also conducted in mice-bearing S180 or OS732 tumors. [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC2ON [(2R,3S,4R,E)-2-¹⁸F-fluoro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal O-3-(2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-yl)ethylamino)-2-oxopropyl oxime] and [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC5ON [(2R,3S,4R,E)-2-¹⁸F-fluoro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal-O-3-(5-(2-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-yl)pentylamino)-2-oxopropyl oxime] can be cleared from the blood quickly and specifically target hypoxic tumor cells. The uptake of the probes by hypoxic cells gradually increases with time. After 4 h, the uptake value of [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC2ON in hypoxic cells is 3.2 times higher than that in normoxia cells. In contrast, there is no difference in the uptake of [¹⁸F]FDG between hypoxic cells and normoxia cells. Biodistribution resulting from two tumor models indicate that the uptake values of the two radiotracers in the tumor are higher at 1 h than those at 2 and 4 h. At 1 and 2 h, the tumors are clearly observed on the PET images and the imaging features of [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC5ON and [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC2ON are distinct from those of [¹⁸F]FDG. Compared with [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC5ON, [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC2ON has a higher proportion of renal excretion, lower digestive tract uptake, and better imaging contrast because of its higher hydrophilicity. At 2 h, [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC2ON shows a good tumor-to-blood (T/B) ratio, tumor-to-muscle ratio based on biodistribution (Bio-T/M ratio), and tumor-to-muscle ratio based on regions of interest on the PET images [region of interest (ROI)-T/M ratio] in the two tumor models (T/B, Bio-T/M, and ROI-T/M ratios are 3.2, 2.6, and 3.9 in the S180 tumor model and are 3.4, 4.2, and 4.6 in the OS732 tumor model, resp.). The imaging features visualized with autoradiog. mostly coincided with the pos. areas of HIF1浼?staining by immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, the biodistribution study and PET imaging revealed that the uptake of the radiotracers in the tumor cannot be competed by 5% glucose, confirming that [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC2ON targets the hypoxic regions of the tumors instead of targeting tumors through the glucose metabolism pathway. These results suggest that the new 2-nitroimidazole derivative conjugated with [¹⁸F]FDG, [¹⁸F]FDG-2NNC2ON, has potential as an imaging agent for hypoxia. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Product Details of 954-81-4).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Product Details of 954-81-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Fluorescent indolium dyes for applications in aqueous halide sensing-part 2: the repeated alkylation of Harmane post quaternisation was written by Geddes, C. D.. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2001.Application In Synthesis of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid This article mentions the following:

The repeated alkylation of harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) after quaternization has been observed during fusion with 8-bromooctanoic acid (I). This can be explained by two possible competing mechanisms, the electrophilic addition of carboxyalkylating agent to the resonance enamine form of the initial quaternized product and/or oligoester formation between the quaternized product and I. The mechanisms are supported by ¹H NMR, FTIR, and mass spectrometry anal., and by carboxyoctylation of 6-methoxyquinoline. The possibility for controlling the repeated alkylation in nanometer size silica pores, in essence restricted geometry nanometer size reaction vessels, is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2Application In Synthesis of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid).

15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application In Synthesis of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of diazoquinones with arylamines to synthesize diarylamines was written by Rao, Junxin;Ren, Xiaoyu;Zhu, Xin;Guo, Zhen;Wang, Chengming;Zhou, Cong-Ying. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-3-bromophenol This article mentions the following:

Herein, reported a Ru(II)-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reaction of diazoquinones with arylamines, which provided access to a range of functionalized diarylamines in 43-97% yields. The reaction proceeded under mild and neutral conditions and tolerates various functional groups. The synthetic utility of this method was demonstrated by the modular synthesis of structurally sophisticated diarylamine derivatives and the short synthesis of an anti-inflammatory compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-3-bromophenol).

4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-3-bromophenol

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Fries reaction of m-halophenylacetate was written by Chen, F.-C.;Chang, K. T.. And the article was included in Taiwan Yaoxue Zazhi in 1952.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

m-BrC₆H₄OAc (I) (10 g.) heated with 20 g. AlCl₃ (II), 2 hrs. at 80鎺? followed by steam distillation, gave 3 g. yellow crystals (III), m. 42-3鎺? and 0.4 g. yellow crystals (IV), m. 85-90鎺? from the distillate and the residue, resp. I (10 g.) treated with 18 g. II, 1 hr. at 45鎺? gave 1 g. IV. Assuming that the o-isomer predominates at elevated temperature, III and IV are apparently 4-bromo-2-hydroxy- and 2-bromo-4-hydroxyacetophenones, resp. III with BzH gave a chalcone (V), yellow needles, m. 115-16鎺? cyclization of V with H₃PO₄ gave a flavanone (VI), m. 77-8鎺? dehydrogenation of VI with N-bromosuccinimide gave a flavone, m. 162-3鎺? Heating 7 g. m-IC₆H₄OAc (VII) in 35 ml. PhNO₂ (VIII) with 20 g. II 4 hrs. at 90-5鎺? followed by steam distillation, gave 0.1 g. crystals (IX), m. 53-4鎺? and 0.1 g. crystals (X), m. 128-36鎺? from the distillate and the residue, resp. VII (5 g.) in 25 ml. VIII heated with 17 g. II 3 hrs. at 100-120鎺?gave 0.15 g. IX. IX and X are apparently 2-hydroxy-4-iodo- and 4-hydroxy-2-iodoacetophenones, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

3-Halogeno-2-, 4- and 6-aminophenol was written by Hodgson, Herbert H.;Kershaw, Arnold. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1928.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-3-bromophenol This article mentions the following:

3-Chloro-2-aminophenol, m. 122鎺? by reduction of the corresponding NO₂ derivative (HCl salt, plates); 3-Br derivative, m. 138鎺?(HCl salt, needles); 3-I derivative, m. 137鎺?(decomposition) (HCl salt, plates). 3-Chloro-4-aminophenol, m. 159.5鎺?(HCl salt, plates); 3-Br derivative, m. 151鎺?(HCl salt, prisms); 3-I derivative, m. 145.5鎺?(HCl salt, plates). 3-Chloro-6-aminophenol, m. 154鎺?(HCl salt, plates); 3-Br derivative, m. 150鎺?(HCl salt, plates); 3-I derivative, m. 141鎺?(HCl salt, plates). Color reactions of these compounds with FeCl₃, bleaching powder solution and Br-H₂O are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-3-bromophenol).

4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-3-bromophenol

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary