Month: February 2023

Polyamine-Functionalized 2閳?Amino-LNA in Oligonucleotides: Facile Synthesis of New Monomers and High-Affinity Binding towards ssDNA and dsDNA was written by Danielsen, Mathias B.;Christensen, Niels Johan;Joergensen, Per T.;Jensen, Knud J.;Wengel, Jesper;Lou, Chenguang. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2021.Recommanded Product: 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Attachment of cationic moieties to oligonucleotides (ONs) promises not only to increase the binding affinity of antisense ONs by reducing charge repulsion between the two neg. charged strands of a duplex, but also to augment their in vivo stability against nucleases. In this study, polyamine functionality was introduced into ONs by means of 2閳?amino-LNA scaffolds. The resulting ONs exhibited efficient binding towards ssDNA, ssRNA and dsDNA targets, and the 2閳?amino-LNA analog carrying a tri-aminated linker showed the most pronounced duplex- and triplex-stabilizing effect. Mol. modeling revealed that favorable conformational and electrostatic effects led to salt-bridge formation between pos. charged polyamine moieties and the Watson-Hoogsteen groove of the dsDNA targets, resulting in the observed triplex stabilization. All the investigated monomers showed increased resistance against 3閳?nucleolytic digestion relative to the non-functionalized controls. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Recommanded Product: 954-81-4).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Recommanded Product: 954-81-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Screening of Newer Thiophene-Fused Arylpyrazolyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles was written by Mahajan, Pravin;Nikam, Mukesh;Chate, Asha;Nimbalkar, Urja;Patil, Vrushali;Bobade, Anil;Chaudhari, Abhay;Deolankar, Dattatray;Javale, Balasaheb;Gill, Charansingh. And the article was included in Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements in 2015.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A series of newer 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing a thiophene fused with pyrazole moiety of pharmacol. significance have been synthesized. The compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, and mass spectral techniques. The compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Several compounds showed significant antioxidant activity. One compound showed good anti-inflammatory activity. One compound showed activity . against bacterial and fungal strains. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid hydrazide as a starting material. The title compounds thus formed included 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and anticancer activity of chromone-based analogs of lavendustin A was written by Nam, Dong Hyuk;Lee, Ki Yong;Moon, Chang Sang;Lee, Yong Sup. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Application of 14425-64-0 This article mentions the following:

Lavendustin A and hormothamnione were reported to exhibit cytotoxic effects on tumor cell lines. In the present studies, a series of chromone-based lavendustin analogs were synthesized as a simplified hybrid of hormothamnione and lavendustin A by the reductive-amination of formyl-chromone with various amines followed by aminoalkylation. Most compounds synthesized showed significantly improved potencies compared to the standard compound lavendustin A against most of cancer cell lines tested indicating that the removal of styryl group enhanced cancer cell growth inhibitory activities. Compound I and II showed the most potent inhibitory activities with GI₅₀ values in the range of 6.01-9.92 娓璯/mL on A-549 and HCT-15 cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Application of 14425-64-0).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Application of 14425-64-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of Benzylic Alcohols by C-H Oxidation was written by Tanwar, Lalita;Boergel, Jonas;Ritter, Tobias. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Quality Control of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

Selective methylene C-H oxidation for the synthesis of alcs. with a broad scope and functional group tolerance is challenging due to the high proclivity for further oxidation of alcs. to ketones. Here, authors report the selective synthesis of benzylic alcs. employing bis(methanesulfonyl) peroxide as an oxidant. Authors attempt to provide a rationale for the selectivity for monooxygenation, which is distinct from previous work; a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism (PCET) may account for the difference in reactivity. Authors envision that our method will be useful for applications in the discovery of drugs and agrochems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Quality Control of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Quality Control of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Discovery of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Dihydropyrazole GPR40 Agonists was written by Shi, Jun;Gu, Zhengxiang;Jurica, Elizabeth Anne;Wu, Ximao;Haque, Lauren E.;Williams, Kristin N.;Hernandez, Andres S.;Hong, Zhenqiu;Gao, Qi;Dabros, Marta;Davulcu, Akin H.;Mathur, Arvind;Rampulla, Richard A.;Gupta, Arun Kumar;Jayaram, Ramya;Apedo, Atsu;Moore, Douglas B.;Liu, Heng;Kunselman, Lori K.;Brady, Edward J.;Wilkes, Jason J.;Zinker, Bradley A.;Cai, Hong;Shu, Yue-Zhong;Sun, Qin;Dierks, Elizabeth A.;Foster, Kimberly A.;Xu, Carrie;Wang, Tao;Panemangalore, Reshma;Cvijic, Mary Ellen;Xie, Chunshan;Cao, Gary G.;Zhou, Min;Krupinski, John;Whaley, Jean M.;Robl, Jeffrey A.;Ewing, William R.;Ellsworth, Bruce Alan. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H6BrF This article mentions the following:

G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) has become an attractive target for the treatment of diabetes since it was shown clin. to promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Herein, we report our efforts to develop highly selective and potent GPR40 agonists with a dual mechanism of action, promoting both glucose-dependent insulin and incretin secretion. Employing strategies to increase polarity and the ratio of sp³/sp² character of the chemotype, we identified BMS-986118 (compound I), which showed potent and selective GPR40 agonist activity in vitro. In vivo, compound I demonstrated insulinotropic efficacy and GLP-1 secretory effects resulting in improved glucose control in acute animal models. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0Electric Literature of C7H6BrF).

3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Electric Literature of C7H6BrF

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

One-pot synthesis of substituted dibenzoxazepinones and pyridobenzoxazepinones using octacarbonyldicobalt as an effective CO source was written by Anchan, Kavitha;Baburajan, Poongavanam;Puttappa, Nagaswarupa H.;Kumar Sarkar, Sujit. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2020.Quality Control of 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene This article mentions the following:

A facile one-pot protocol for the synthesis of substituted dibenzoxazepinones I (R = H, 2-F, 2-Me, 3-OMe; R¹ = H, 7-Me, 8-Cl, 9-Me, etc.) and pyridobenzoxazepinones II (R² = H, 3-Me, 2-Me; R³ = H, 8,9-Cl₂, 9-Me, 8-Cl, 9-Cl) from com. available aryl/heteroaryl halides 2-X-R⁴C₆H₃X¹ (R⁴ = H, 4-F, 4-Me, 4-OMe; X = F, Cl; X¹ = I, Br)/III (X² = F, Cl; R⁵ = H, 5-Me, 6-Me) and amino phenols 2-NH-3-R⁶-4-R⁷-5-R⁸C₆HOH (R⁶ = H, Me; R⁷ = H, Cl, ; R⁸ = H, Cl, Me) using octacarbonyldicobalt (Co₂(CO)₈) as an effective metal carbonyl source has been demonstrated. This method proceeds via the sequential coupling of aryl/heteroaryl halides with aminophenol by amidation and intramol. cyclization to give dibenzoxazepinones I/pyridobenzoxazepinones II. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0Quality Control of 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene).

3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Quality Control of 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

First Total Synthesis of 锠?Phenyl 铻? Fatty Acids and their Leishmanicidal and Anticancer Properties was written by Carballeira, Nestor M.;Morales-Guzman, Christian;Alvarez-Benedicto, Ester;Torres-Martinez, Zally;Delgado, Yamixa;Griebenow, Kai H.;Tinoco, Arthur D.;Reguera, Rosa M.;Perez-Pertejo, Yolanda;Carbajo-Andres, Ruben;Balana-Fouce, Rafael. And the article was included in Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) in 2018.Formula: C10H13BrO This article mentions the following:

The first total synthesis of 锠?Ph 铻? fatty acids (FA), e.g., 10-cyclohexyl-6-decynoic acid, 16-phenylhexadecanoic acid, and (Z)-10-Phenyl-6-decenoic acid, and their cytotoxicity (A549) and leishmanicidal (L. infantum) activities are described. The novel 16-phenyl-6-hexadecynoic acid and the known 16-phenylhexadecanoic acid were synthesized in 7-8 steps with overall yields of 46% and 41%, resp. The syntheses of the unprecedented 10-phenyl-6-decynoic acid, 10-cyclohexyl-6-decynoic acid and 10-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-decynoic acid was also performed in 3 steps with 73-76% overall yields. The use of lithium acetylide coupling enabled the 4-step synthesis of 10-phenyl-6Z-decenoic acid with a 100% cis-stereochem. The cytotoxicity of these novel FA was determined against A549 cells and L. infantum promastigotes and amastigotes. Among the 锠?phenylated FA, the best cytotoxicity towards A549 was displayed by 16-phenyl-6-hexadecynoic acid, with an IC₅₀ of 18 鍗?1 娓璏. On the other hand, among the C₁₀ acids, 10-cyclohexyl-6-decynoic acid presented the best cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 40 鍗?2 娓璏) towards A549. Based on caspase-3/7 studies, neither of the FA induced apoptosis in A549, thus implying other mechanisms of cell death. The antileishmanial studies were performed with the top Leishmania donovani topoisomerase IB (LdTopIB) inhibitors, namely 16-phenyl-6-hexadecynoic acid and 16-phenylhexadecanoic acid (EC₅₀ between 14 and 36 娓璏, resp.), acids that did not stabilize the cleavage complexes between LdTopIB and DNA. Acids 16-phenyl-6-hexadecynoic acid and 16-phenylhexadecanoic acid displayed cytotoxicity towards L. infantum amastigotes (IC₅₀ = 3-6 娓璏) and L. infantum promastigotes (IC₅₀ = 60-70 娓璏), but low toxicity towards murine splenocytes. This results identified 16-phenyl-6-hexadecynoic acid as the optimum 锠?phenylated acid of the series. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Formula: C10H13BrO).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Formula: C10H13BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Catalytic Enantioselective Cyclization/Cross-Coupling with Alkyl Electrophiles was written by Cong, Huan;Fu, Gregory C.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2014.Safety of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

As part of our ongoing effort to expand the scope of cross-coupling reactions of alkyl electrophiles, we have pursued a strategy wherein the nucleophilic coupling partner includes a pendant olefin; after transmetalation by such a substrate, if 灏?migratory insertion proceeds faster than direct cross-coupling, an addnl. carbon-carbon bond and stereocenter can be formed. With the aid of a nickel/diamine catalyst (both components are com. available), we have established the viability of this approach for the catalytic asym. synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans and indanes. Furthermore, we have applied this new method to the construction of the dihydrobenzofuran core of fasiglifam, as well as to a cross-coupling with a racemic alkyl electrophile; in the latter process, the chiral catalyst controls two stereocenters, one that is newly generated in a 灏?migratory insertion and one that begins as a mixture of enantiomers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3Safety of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene).

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 57293-19-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Safety of 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Syntheses and first crystal structures of rhenium complexes derived from 锠?functionalized fatty acids as model compounds of technetium tracers for myocardial metabolism imaging was written by Jung, Christian M.;Kraus, Werner;Leibnitz, Peter;Pietzsch, Hans-Jurgen;Kropp, Joachim;Spies, Hartmut. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2002.Quality Control of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid This article mentions the following:

In an attempt to develop new technetium-based radiopharmaceuticals for the noninvasive diagnosis of myocardial metabolism, the authors synthesized three examples of novel metal-containing fatty acid derivatives according to the “3+1” mixed-ligand and the Schiff base/tricarbonyl design, Re:O[S(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₂S][S(CH₂)₁₁S(CH₂)₄CO₂H] (7), Re:O[S(CH₂)₂NMe(CH₂)₂S][S(CH₂)₁₄CO₂H] (10) and ReBr(CO)₃[2-py-CH:N(CH₂)₁₁CO₂H] (14). The chelates contain the metal core in the oxidation states +5 (7 and 10) and +1 (14) and are attached to the end-position of a fatty acid chain. The complex formation was accomplished by ligand-exchange reactions with three different rhenium precursors, whereas the inactive rhenium metal was used as a surrogate of the technetium radionuclide. The mol. structures of the fatty acid complexes 7, 10 and 14 were determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction analyses and impressively show a general problem in technetium tracer research, the significant structural alterations of bioactive mols. by coordination even to small metal chelates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2Quality Control of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid).

15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Quality Control of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Crystal-Packing Trends for a Series of 6,9,12,15,18-Pentaaryl-1-hydro[60]fullerenes was written by Kennedy, Robert D.;Halim, Merissa;Khan, Saeed I.;Schwartz, Benjamin J.;Tolbert, Sarah H.;Rubin, Yves. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2012.Name: 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl This article mentions the following:

The relationship between the size of the substituents of aryl groups in a series of fifteen 6,9,12,15,18-pentaaryl-1-hydro[60]fullerenes and the solid-state structures and packing motifs of these compounds has been analyzed. Pentaarylfullerenes have a characteristic “badminton shuttlecock” shape that causes several derivatives to crystallize into columnar stacks. However, many pentaarylfullerenes form non-stacked structures with, for example, dimeric, layered, diamondoid, or feather-in-cavity relationships between mols. Computational modeling gave a qual. estimate of the best shape match between the ball and socket surfaces of each pentaarylfullerene. The best match was for pentaarylfullerenes with large, spherically shaped para-substituents on the aryl groups. The series of pentaarylfullerenes was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A total of 34 crystal structures were obtained as various solvates and were categorized by their packing motifs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1Name: 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl).

4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (cas: 162258-89-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Name: 4-Bromo-4′-tert-butylbiphenyl

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary