Month: February 2023

Oxygen Donor-Mediated Equilibration of Diastereomeric Alkene-Palladium(II) Intermediates in Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Heck Cyclizations was written by Machotta, Axel B.;Straub, Bernd F.;Oestreich, Martin. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2007.Application of 2178-24-7 This article mentions the following:

This investigation examines the origin of enantioselection in the desymmetrization of an acyclic prochiral Heck cyclization precursor. High asym. induction (97-98% ee) is attributed to a temporary interaction of a Lewis basic oxygen donor with weakly Lewis acidic palladium(II). A series of control experiments combined with quantum-chem. model calculations provided sound evidence for a mechanism involving oxygen donor-mediated, rapid equilibration of diastereomeric alkene-palladium(II) complexes prior to the selectivity-determining ring-closing event, a Curtin-Hammett scenario. Our study also highlights the importance of the cationic pathway (triflate counter anions vs. halido ligand) and alkene stereochem. (E vs. Z) in asym. Heck reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7Application of 2178-24-7).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application of 2178-24-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthetic and Structure/Activity Studies on Acid-Substituted 2-Arylphenols: Discovery of 2-[2-Propyl-3-[3-[2-ethyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxyphenoxy]- propoxy]phenoxy]benzoic Acid, a High-Affinity Leukotriene B₄ Receptor Antagonist was written by Sawyer, J. Scott;Bach, Nicholas J.;Baker, S. Richard;Baldwin, Ronald F.;Borromeo, Peter S.;Cockerham, Sandra L.;Fleisch, Jerome H.;Floreancig, Paul;Froelich, Larry L.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1995.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Structural derivatives of LY255283 have been studied as receptor antagonists of leukotriene B₄. Substitution of the 2-hydroxyacetophenone subunit of 1-[5-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-[[6-methyl-6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)heptyl]oxy]phenyl]ethanone (LY255283) with a 2-arylphenol group provided entry into several new series that feature various mono- and diacidic core functionality. These new analogs, the subject of a broad structure-activity investigation, displayed significantly increased in vitro and in vivo activity as receptor antagonists of LTB₄. A series of diaryl ether carboxylic acids demonstrated especially interesting activity and led to the discovery of 2-[2-propyl-3-[3-[2-ethyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxyphenoxy]propoxy]phenoxy]benzoic acid (LY293111), a 2-arylphenol-substituted diaryl ether carboxylic acid which displayed potent binding to human neutrophils (IC₅₀ = 17 鍗?4.6 nM) and guinea pig lung membranes (IC₅₀ = 6.6 鍗?0.71 nM), inhibition of LTB₄-induced expression of the CD11b/CD18 receptor on human neutrophils (IC₅₀ = 3.3 鍗?0.81 nM), and inhibition of LTB₄-induced contraction of guinea pig lung parenchyma (pK_B = 8.7 鍗?0.16). 801Vivo, LY293111 demonstrated potent activity in inhibiting LTB₄-induced airway obstruction in the guinea pig when dosed by the oral (ED₅₀ = 0.40 mg/kg) or i.v. (ED₅₀ = 0.014 mg/kg) routes. A specific LTB₄ receptor antagonist, LY293111 had little effect on inhibiting contractions of guinea pig lung parenchyma induced by leukotriene D₄ (LTD₄), histamine, carbachol, or U46619. LY293111 was chosen as a clin. candidate and is currently in phase I studies for a variety of inflammatory diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Substituted dienes prepared from betulinic acid – Synthesis, cytotoxicity, mechanism of action, and pharmacological parameters was written by Pokorny, Jan;Olejnikova, Denisa;Frydrych, Ivo;Liskova, Barbora;Gurska, Sona;Benicka, Sandra;Sarek, Jan;Kotulova, Jana;Hajduch, Marian;Dzubak, Petr;Urban, Milan. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Synthetic Route of C8H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

A set of new substituted dienes were synthesized from betulinic acid by its oxidation to 30-oxobetulinic acid followed by the Wittig reaction. Cytotoxicity of all compounds was tested in vitro in eight cancer cell lines and two noncancer fibroblasts. Almost all dienes were more cytotoxic than betulinic acid. Four compounds had IC₅₀ below 5娓璵ol/L; I and II were selected for studies of the mechanism of action. Cell cycle anal. revealed an increase in the number of apoptotic cells at 5 x IC₅₀ concentration, where activation of irreversible changes leading to cell death can be expected. Both I and II led to the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase with partial inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis at 1 x IC₅₀ and almost complete inhibition at 5 x IC₅₀. Interestingly, compound II at 5 x IC₅₀ caused the accumulation of cells in the S phase. Higher concentrations of tested drugs probably inhibit more off-targets than lower concentrations Mechanisms disrupting cellular metabolism can induce the accumulation of cells in the S phase. Both compounds I and II trigger selective apoptosis in cancer cells via intrinsic pathway, which we have demonstrated by changes in the expression of the crucial apoptosis-related protein. Pharmacol. parameters of derivative I were superior to II, therefore I was the finally selected candidate for the development of anticancer drug. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8Synthetic Route of C8H7BrO2).

3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Synthetic Route of C8H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Platinum and Palladium Complexes Containing Cationic Ligands as Catalysts for Arene H/D Exchange and Oxidation was written by Emmert, Marion H.;Gary, J. Brannon;Villalobos, Janette M.;Sanford, Melanie S.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2010.Reference of 35065-86-2 This article mentions the following:

Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of pyridinium-substituted bipyridine ligands I (R = Ph, 4-tBu-C₆H₄) are highly active and stable catalysts for H/D exchange and acetoxylation of aromatic C-H bonds (TONs up to 3200, TOFs up to 0.1 s-1). The regioselectivity of the deuteration and acetoxylation is studied and compared to traditional catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2Reference of 35065-86-2).

3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Reference of 35065-86-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and Reactivity of Cobalt-Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing Anionic PCP-Type Pincer Ligands toward Catalytic Silylamine Formation from Dinitrogen was written by Kuriyama, Shogo;Wei, Shenglan;Tanaka, Hiromasa;Konomi, Asuka;Yoshizawa, Kazunari;Nishibayashi, Yoshiaki. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

A series of cobalt(I)-dinitrogen complexes bearing anionic 4-substituted benzene-based PCP-type pincer ligands are synthesized and characterized. These complexes work as highly efficient catalysts for the formation of silylamine from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions to produce up to 371 equiv of silylamine based on the cobalt atom of the catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Product Details of 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Product Details of 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of novel potential DNA cross-linking new antineoplastic alkylating agents was written by Maroju, Sreedhar;Kumar, P. Naveen;Maroju, Ravichander;Velupula, Ganapathy;Haq, Abdul;Prasad, T. Ravi. And the article was included in Journal of Applicable Chemistry (Lumami, India) in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dibromoaniline This article mentions the following:

Twenty novel potential DNA crosslinking new antineoplastic alkylating agents, oxazolidin-2-ones I [R¹ = H, Me, Br, F; R² = OMe, morpholino, pyrrolidino, 3-pyridyl, etc.; R³ = N(CH₂CH₂Cl)₂] were synthesized by the reaction I (R³ = NH₂) with 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of triethylamine in methylene dichloride under reflux. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dibromoaniline).

3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dibromoaniline

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Regio- and Chemoselective C-H Chlorination/Bromination of Electron-Deficient Arenes by Weak Coordination and Study of Relative Directing-Group Abilities was written by Sun, Xiuyun;Shan, Gang;Sun, Yonghui;Rao, Yu. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2013.Name: Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

A palladium(II)-catalyzed ortho-chlorination/bromination reaction was developed using electron-deficient arenes as substrates. A preliminary evaluation was conducted on the relative abilities of the directing groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7Name: Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate (cas: 2178-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon閳ユ彽romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Name: Ethyl (2-bromophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of new N-benzylpiperidine derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors with 灏?amyloid anti-aggregation properties and beneficial effects on memory in vivo was written by Wieckowska, Anna;Wieckowski, Krzysztof;Bajda, Marek;Brus, Boris;Salat, Kinga;Czerwinska, Paulina;Gobec, Stanislav;Filipek, Barbara;Malawska, Barbara. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Reference of 954-81-4 This article mentions the following:

Due to the complex nature of Alzheimer’s disease, multi-target-directed ligand approaches are one of the most promising strategies in the search for effective treatments. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and 灏?amyloid are the predominant biol. targets in the search for new anti-Alzheimer’s agents. Our aim was to combine both anticholinesterase and 灏?amyloid anti-aggregation activities in one mol., and to determine the therapeutic potential in vivo. We designed and synthesized 28 new compounds as derivatives of donepezil that contain the N-benzylpiperidine moiety combined with the phthalimide or indole moieties. Most of these test compounds showed micromolar activities against cholinesterases and aggregation of 灏?amyloid, combined with pos. results in blood-brain barrier permeability assays. The most promising compound 23 (2-(8-(1-(3-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-ylamino)octyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione) is an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC₅₀ = 0.72 娓璏) that has 灏?amyloid anti-aggregation activity (72.5% inhibition at 10 娓璏) and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, in an animal model of memory impairment induced by scopolamine, the activity of 23 was comparable to that of donepezil. The selected compound 23 is an excellent lead structure in the further search for new anti-Alzheimer’s agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Reference of 954-81-4).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon鑱砨romine bond is electrophilic in nature. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Reference of 954-81-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Bromination of 3-haloanilines with 2,4,4,6-tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one was written by Markgraf, J. Hodge;Marshall, G. Thomas;Greeley, Michael A.. And the article was included in Chemistry & Industry (London, United Kingdom) in 1987.Name: 3,4-Dibromoaniline This article mentions the following:

Mixtures of dihaloanilines I, II, and III (R¹ = F, Cl, Br, iodo) were obtained from the resp. 3-R¹C₆H₄NH₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4Name: 3,4-Dibromoaniline).

3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Name: 3,4-Dibromoaniline

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of ((2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzoic acids: Synthesis, Solid state characterisation and biological cytotoxicity was written by McKay, Aidan P.;Lo, Warrick K. C.;Preston, Dan;Giles, Gregory I.;Crowley, James D.;Barnsley, Jonathan E.;Gordon, Keith C.;McMorran, David A.. And the article was included in Inorganica Chimica Acta in 2016.COA of Formula: C8H7BrO2 This article mentions the following:

The new ligands 3-(3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzoic acid (L2) and 5-(3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene 1,3-dicarboxylic acid (L3) are reported and the synthesis and characterization of [PdCl₂(L)] and [PtCl₂(L)] complexes of these and the previously reported 4-(3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzoic acid (L1) are described. In the solid state, the square planar complexes assemble via hydrogen bonding interactions involving COOH and M-Cl groups as well as by various 锜?stacking interactions involving the aromatic rings on the ligands and, notably, the chelate rings. Hirshfeld surface anal. has been used to gain insight into the assembly of the mols. Preliminary studies of the biol. cytotoxicity of the [PtCl₂(L)] complexes against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines are reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8COA of Formula: C8H7BrO2).

3-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 6515-58-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.COA of Formula: C8H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary