Month: February 2023

Removal of photoredox catalysts from polymers synthesized by organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization was written by Chism, Katherine A.;Corbin, Daniel A.;Miyake, Garret M.. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2022.Formula: C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) is a method of producing polymers with precise structures under mild conditions using organic photoredox catalysts (PCs). Due to the unknown toxicity of PCs and their propensity to introduce color in polymers synthesized by this method, removal of the PC from the polymer product can be important for certain applications of polymers produced using O-ATRP. Current purification methods largely rely on precipitation to remove the PC from the polymer, but a more effective and efficient purification method is needed. In this work, an alternative purification method relying on oxidation of the PC to PC^路+ followed by filtration through a plug to remove PC^路+ from the polymer and removal of the volatiles was developed. A range of chem. oxidants and stationary phases were tested for their ability to remove PCs from polymers, revealing chem. oxidation by N-bromosuccinimide followed by a filtration through a silica plug can remove up to 99% of the PC from poly(Me methacrylate). Characterization of the polymer before and after purification demonstrated that polymer mol. weight, dispersity, and chain-end fidelity are not signficantly impacted by this purification method. Finally, this purification method was tested on a range of dihydrophenazine, phenoxazine, dihydroacridines, and phenothiazine PCs, revealing the strength of the chem. oxidant must match the oxidation potential of the PC for effective purification In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Formula: C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon鈥揵romine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Formula: C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Mannosylated Poly(ethylene imine) Copolymers Enhance saRNA Uptake and Expression in Human Skin Explants was written by Blakney, Anna K.;Abdouni, Yamin;Yilmaz, Gokhan;Liu, Renjie;McKay, Paul F.;Bouton, Clement R.;Shattock, Robin J.;Becer, C. Remzi. And the article was included in Biomacromolecules in 2020.Electric Literature of C42H63Br7O28 This article mentions the following:

MRNA is a promising platform for both vaccines and therapeutics, and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is particularly advantageous, as it enables higher protein expression and dose minimization. Here, we present a delivery platform for targeted delivery of saRNA using mannosylated poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) enabled by the host-guest interaction between cyclodextrin and adamantane. We show that the host-guest complexation does not interfere with the electrostatic interaction with saRNA and observed that increasing the degree of mannosylation inhibited transfection efficiency in vitro, but enhanced the number of cells expressing GFP by 8-fold in human skin explants. Besides, increasing the ratio of glycopolymer to saRNA also enhanced the percentage of transfected cells ex vivo. We identified that these mannosylated PEIs specifically increased protein expression in the epithelial cells resident in human skin in a mannose-dependent manner. This platform is promising for further study of glycosylation of PEI and targeted saRNA delivery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-尾-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1Electric Literature of C42H63Br7O28).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-尾-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Electric Literature of C42H63Br7O28

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A practical total synthesis of plaunotol via highly Z-selective Wittig olefination of 伪-acetal ketones was written by Tago, Keiko;Arai, Masami;Kogen, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Perkin 1 in 2000.Synthetic Route of C23H26BrP This article mentions the following:

Plaunotol, a known antiulcer drug, is the most important component of the Thai folk medicinal plant, Plau-noi, which has remarkable antipeptic ulcer activity. Recently, it was found that plaunotol has antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, a causative agent in gastric ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma, for example. In the investigation of the practical synthesis of plaunotol, the authors have developed an efficient method for stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted olefins via a Z-selective Wittig reaction. The olefination of readily available aliphatic 伪-acetal ketones with triphenylphosphonium salts in the presence of a potassium base and 18-crown-6 ether proceeded with excellent Z-selectivity. The Z-selective olefination provides a useful method for the construction of a range of trisubstituted olefin moieties; the practical and stereoselective total synthesis of plaunotol was achieved via this Wittig reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (cas: 28322-40-9Synthetic Route of C23H26BrP).

Isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (cas: 28322-40-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon聳bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Synthetic Route of C23H26BrP

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Pyrimidine based hole-blocking materials with high triplet energy and glass transition temperature for blue phosphorescent OLEDs was written by Jang, Seokhoon;Han, Si Hyun;Lee, Jun Yeob;Lee, Youngu. And the article was included in Synthetic Metals in 2018.Name: 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl This article mentions the following:

New hole-blocking materials (HBMs), mPyrPPB and pPPyrPB, consisting of pyrimidine and phenylene segments for high-performance blue phosphorescent OLEDs were designed and synthesized. The thermal, electrochem., and optical properties of mPyrPPB and pPPyrPB were systemically studied. The T_g values of mPyrPPB and pPPyrPB were 118 and 137掳, resp. The triplet energy and HOMO energy level of mPyrPPB were 2.77 eV and -6.86 eV, resp., indicating that it had sufficiently high triplet energy and deep HOMO energy level for the hole-blocking layer (HBL) in blue phosphorescent OLED devices. All the meta conjugation of mPyrPPB mol. structure effectively prevented 蟺-electron delocalization and thus increased the triplet energy and electron transport property. MPyrPPB exhibited higher electron-transporting property than pPPyrPB because mPyrPPB possessed effective intermol. H bonds. When mPyrPPB was used as a HBM for a blue phosphorescent OLED device, external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency (CE), and power efficiency (PE) values effectively increased to 16.4%, 36.7 cd/A, and 13.4 lm/W, resp. Compared to the reference device without HBM, EQE, CE, and PE increased by 38%, 35%, and 54%, resp., mainly due to the confinement of triplet excitons and holes and improved electron-transporting ability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2Name: 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl).

3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Name: 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Pyridine-containing triphenylbenzene derivatives with high electron mobility for highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs was written by Su, Shi-Jian;Chiba, Takayuki;Takeda, Takashi;Kido, Junji. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2008.SDS of cas: 96761-85-2 This article mentions the following:

Two pyridine-containing triphenylbenzene derivatives of 1,3,5-tri(m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene (TmPyPB) and 1,3,5-tri(p-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene (TpPyPB) with high electron mobility and high triplet energy level are designed and synthesized. Highly efficient blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs are achieved by using TmPyPB and TpPyPB as an electron-transport layer, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2SDS of cas: 96761-85-2).

3,3”-Dibromo-5′-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1′:3′,1”-terphenyl (cas: 96761-85-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.SDS of cas: 96761-85-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Development of ¹⁸F-labeled radiotracers for PET imaging of the adenosine A₂A receptor: synthesis, radiolabeling and preliminary biological evaluation was written by Lai, Thu Hang;Schroder, Susann;Toussaint, Magali;Dukic-Stefanovic, Sladjana;Kranz, Mathias;Ludwig, Friedrich-Alexander;Fischer, Steffen;Steinbach, Jorg;Deuther-Conrad, Winnie;Brust, Peter;Moldovan, Rares-Petru. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.Related Products of 61150-57-0 This article mentions the following:

The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) represents a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Aiming at the development of a positron emission tomog. (PET) radiotracer to monitor changes of receptor d. and/or occupancy during the A2AR-tailored therapy, authors designed a library of fluorinated analogs based on a recently published lead compound (PPY). Among those, the highly affine 4-fluorobenzyl derivate (K_i(hA_2AR) = 5.3 nM) and the 2-fluorobenzyl derivate (K_i(hA_2AR) = 2.1 nM) were chosen for ¹⁸F-labeling via an alc. enhanced copper-mediated procedure starting from the corresponding boronic acid pinacol ester precursors. Investigations of the metabolic stability of compound I (R = p-¹⁸F, o-¹⁸F) in CD-1 mice by radio-HPLC anal. revealed parent fractions of more than 76% of total activity in the brain. Specific binding of I (R = o-¹⁸F)on mice brain slices was demonstrated by in vitro autoradiog. In vivo PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in CD-1 mice revealed a reasonable high initial brain uptake for both radiotracers, followed by a fast clearance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylbromide (cas: 61150-57-0Related Products of 61150-57-0).

2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzylbromide (cas: 61150-57-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Related Products of 61150-57-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

First Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Potent BLT2 Agonists as Potential Wound-Healing Promoters was written by Hernandez-Olmos, Victor;Heering, Jan;Planz, Viktoria;Liu, Ting;Kaps, Alexander;Rajkumar, Rinusha;Gramzow, Matthias;Kaiser, Astrid;Schubert-Zsilavecz, Manfred;Parnham, Michael J.;Windbergs, Maike;Steinhilber, Dieter;Proschak, Ewgenij. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Product Details of 653-92-9 This article mentions the following:

The first potent leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor type 2 (BLT2) agonists, endogenous 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT), and synthetic CAY10583 (CAY) have been recently described to accelerate wound healing by enhanced keratinocyte migration and indirect stimulation of fibroblast activity in diabetic rats. CAY represents a very valuable starting point for the development of novel wound-healing promoters. In this work, the first structure-activity relationship study for CAY scaffold-based BLT2 agonists is presented. The newly prepared derivatives showed promising in vitro wound-healing activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Product Details of 653-92-9).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Product Details of 653-92-9

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Enantioselective semireduction of allenes was written by Chen, Zhiwei;Dong, Vy M.. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2017.Electric Literature of C9H11BrO This article mentions the following:

Herein, Rh-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective semiredn. of allenes to generate chiral benzylic motifs is reported. Rh-hydride catalysis solves a synthetic challenge by affording the enantioselective reduction of allenes, thereby yielding access to motifs commonly used in medicinal chem. A designer Josiphos ligand promotes the generation of chiral benzylic isomers, when combined with a Hantzsch ester as the reductant. This semiredn. proceeds chemoselectively in the presence of other functional groups, which are typically reduced using conventional hydrogenations. Isotopic labeling studies support a mechanism where the hydride is delivered to the branched position of a Rh-allyl intermediate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Electric Literature of C9H11BrO).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Electric Literature of C9H11BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Per-halogenation of primary hydroxy groups of β-cyclodextrin was written by Aoki, Nobuyoshi;Hattori, Kenjiro. And the article was included in Kenkyu Hokoku – Kanagawa-ken Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho in 2005.HPLC of Formula: 53784-83-1 This article mentions the following:

Per-halogenation of primary hydroxyl groups of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was investigated as an important way for the regioselective modification of β-CD. The high regioselectivity in the halogenation was discussed in terms of the reactivity to the S_N2 reaction at each position on the anhydroglucopyranose unit. The reaction using halogenating reagent, such as, methanesulfonyl chloride, thionyl chloride, and thionyl bromide, yielded the corresponding per-6-chloro-per-6-deoxy-β-CD (80 and 90% yield) or per-6-bromo-per-6-deoxy-β-CD (70% yield) after several hours. The obtained product was halogenated only at C-6 and the halogenation at a secondary position was not observed The reactivity at C-3 of β-CD was lower than the corresponding reaction of other saccharides, such as cellulose. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1HPLC of Formula: 53784-83-1).

Heptakis(6-Bromo-6-Deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (cas: 53784-83-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.HPLC of Formula: 53784-83-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The synthesis of oxa-analogs and homologs of naturally occurring polyamines was written by Lin, P. Kong Thoo;Kuksa, V. A.;Maguire, N. M.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1998.Formula: C13H14BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

A number of polyamine oxa-analogs were synthesized. Spermidine oxa-analogs and homologs were made from N-(aminooxypropyl)phthalimide which was obtained either by deprotection of the corresponding Fmoc-protected compound or from the reaction between 3-Br(CH₂)₃NH₂ and N-hydroxyphthalimide, both reactions involving an unusual rearrangement mechanism. Sulfonated derivatives, upon Mitsunobu condensation with N-protected 3-HO(CH₂)₃NH₂ or N-alkylation with N-(bromoalkyl)phthalimides, afforded the fully protected spermidine and spermine oxa-analogs and homologs. Subsequent sequential deprotection gave spermidine analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Formula: C13H14BrNO2).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Formula: C13H14BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary