Month: February 2023

Probing Polymer Chain Folding in Solution Using Second Harmonic Light Scattering was written by Sarkar, Ramkrishna;Mishra, Kamini;Harshita;Das, Puspendu Kumar;Ramakrishnan, S.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2021.Quality Control of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid This article mentions the following:

Periodically grafted amphiphilic copolymers (PGACs) were earlier shown by us to adopt a zigzag folded conformation in the solid state, which enabled the backbone and pendant segments to segregate and occupy alternate layers in a lamellar structure. The conformational transition from a random coil to a zigzag folded chain in solution is an interesting problem, which is largely unexplored. To examine this, an orthogonally clickable parent polyester was sequentially clicked with two types of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments: one is a simple PEG and the other is a PEG that carries a dipolar chromophore. These two hydrophilic PEG segments, installed in a periodic and alternating fashion along the hydrocarbon-rich (HC) polyester backbone, ensure that the Janus folded chains are formed upon folding and carry chromophoric dipoles oriented along the same direction, thereby generating a large net dipole. The folding-induced alignment of chromophores in solution was followed using second harmonic light scattering (SHLS), wherein the intensity of the frequency-doubled scattered light (I_2ω) is measured. Folding was induced by adding a polar solvent, like methanol, to a chloroform solution of the polymer; methanol desolvates the HC backbone but solubilizes the pendant PEG segments, thus inducing folding. The second harmonic intensity (I_2ω) increased initially with methanol concentration and then saturated; in contrast, I_2ω remained invariant with the solvent composition in the case of an analogous model chromophore. Furthermore, in a model PGAC carrying chromophore-bearing PEG segments on every repeat unit, I_2ω decreased with increasing methanol composition, revealing the formation of a centrosym. folded chain, wherein the chromophoric dipoles on either side cancel each other. Thus, this study clearly reveals that the zigzag chain folding of PGACs can be induced by a segment-selective solvent, resulting in the rather elusive directional ordering of chromophoric dipoles in solution In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2Quality Control of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid).

15-Bromopentadecanoic acid (cas: 56523-59-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Quality Control of 15-Bromopentadecanoic acid

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Silica-supported boron trifluoride (BF₃-SiO₂), an efficient, environment friendly and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones was written by Wu, Liqiang;Ma, Weiwei;Yang, Limin;Yan, Fulin. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 2010.Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dibromoaniline This article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones was accomplished by the one-pot condensation of anthranilic acid, tri-Et orthoformate and primary amines under solvent-free conditions in the presence of BF₃-SiO₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dibromoaniline).

3,4-Dibromoaniline (cas: 615-55-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Application In Synthesis of 3,4-Dibromoaniline

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

A controlled and selective bromination of phenols by benzyltriphenylphosphonium tribromide was written by Hajipour, Abdol Reza;Mallakpour, Shadpour E.;Imanieh, Hassein;Pourmousavi, Seied Ali. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Research, Synopses in 2002.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Reactions of phenols with benzyltriphenylphosphonium tribromide in dichloromethane-MeOH mixture (2:1) gave mono, di and tri brominated phenols at room temperature with high selectivity and good yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-nitrophenol (cas: 58349-01-2Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-nitrophenol (cas: 58349-01-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Porphyrazines with bulky peripheral pyrrolyl substituents – Synthesis via microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, optical and electrochemical properties was written by Szczolko, Wojciech;Koczorowski, Tomasz;Wicher, Barbara;Kryjewski, Michal;Krakowska, Zuzanna;Tykarska, Ewa;Goslinski, Tomasz. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of novel aminoporphyrazines with peripheral 3,4-dihalide-2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl and dimethylamino peripheral groups is reported. Cross-coupling Suzuki-Miyaura reaction with phenylboronic acid was used to convert magnesium(II) porphyrazine with dimethylamino and 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl groups to an analog with bulky 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylpyrrol-1-yl moieties. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis approaches were used in the Paal-Knorr reaction leading to the modified diaminomaleonitrile intermediates and the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, which allowed the obtaining of porphyrazine derivative All compounds were characterized using UV-Vis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, including 2D techniques, as well as MS (ES or MALDI). An X-ray anal. of magnesium(II) porphyrazine with peripheral 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl and dimethylamino substituents was also performed. The electrochem. properties of all obtained porphyrazine macrocycles were assessed using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. The susceptibility of new macrocycles to oxidation/reduction processes depended on the presence of halide substituents in their macrocyclic periphery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Methyleneindan-1-ols via a One-Pot Allylboration-Heck Reaction of 2-Bromobenzaldehydes was written by Calder, Ewen D. D.;Sutherland, Andrew. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A novel, one-pot allylboration-Heck reaction of 2-bromobenzaldehydes has been developed for the general and efficient synthesis of 3-methyleneindan-1-ols I [R = 6-OMe, 5-Me, 6-F, etc.]. Modification of the one-pot procedure to include chiral Bronsted acid catalyzed allylation has allowed the preparation of these building blocks in high enantioselectivity and excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides via Three-Component Reaction of Thiosulfonates, Thiourea and Alkyl halides was written by Wang, Dungai;He, Quan;Shi, Keqiang;Xiong, Mingteng;Zhou, Yifeng;Pan, Yuanjiang. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2021.Electric Literature of C9H11Br This article mentions the following:

A transition-metal-free approach to synthesize unsym. disulfides RSSR¹ [R = (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl, (1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)methyl, quinolin-8-ylmethyl, etc.; R¹ = Bu, quinolin-8-ylmethyl, (2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)methyl, etc.] is reported that relies on a K₂CO₃-promoted one-pot reaction of thiosulfonates RSS(O)₂C₆H₄(4-CH₃), thiourea and alkyl halides R¹X (X = Br, Cl, I, OTs) under mild conditions. The protocol tolerates a wide range of substrates, leading to various types of unsym. disulfides in moderate to excellent yields. More importantly, the late-stage modification of natural products and drug mols. was also achieved. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7Electric Literature of C9H11Br).

2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Electric Literature of C9H11Br

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Total synthesis of linoleic acid was written by Baudart, Pierre. And the article was included in Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France in 1944.Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane This article mentions the following:

A linoleic acid was synthesized and shown to be a stereoisomer of the natural acid. Intermediates prepared include 1-methoxypentane, b₇₆₀ 100-2°; 1-bromopentane, b₇₆₀ 122-4°, n_D²⁵ 1.4290, d₄²⁵ 1.1552; 1,6-hexanediol, b₃ 121-4°; 1,6-dibromohexane, b₃ 77-80°; 1-bromo-6-methoxyhexane, n_D²⁵ 1.4469, d₄²⁵ 1.1887. Glutardialdoxime (cf. Shaw, C.A. 31, 3008.1) (180 g.) and 240 g. EtONO were added gradually in alternate portions to 50 mL. 95% EtOH containing 5 mL. AcOH at 0°. The mixture was acidified with EtOH-HCl and allowed to stand 5 h. at 0° and 48 h. at room temperature over CaCl₂, yielding after ether extraction and distillation 175 g. glutaraldehyde bis(di-Et acetal) (I), b₃ 97-100°, n_D²⁵ 1.4232; d²⁵ 0.9009. I was reacted with 290 g. PCl₅.EtCl at 30-40°, the POCl₃ removed under vacuum, and the residue of 1,5-diethoxy-1,5-dichloropentane (II) distilled, b_0.8 90-100° (partial decomposition); yield 118 g. II with Br at 0° gave 240 g. impure, very unstable 1,5-diethoxy-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrabromopentane (III), which was used at once. To III in Et₂O at 0° were added Et₂O solutions of 78 g. AmMgBr and 120 g. MeO(CH₂)₆Br (cf. Dionneau, C.A. 1, 2683). The product was isolated and reduced with powd. Zn in BuOH (cf. Boord, et al., C.A. 27, 4770), yielding after distillation 11 g. impure 1-methoxy-7,10-hexadecadiene (IV), b₃ 144-7, as well as 6, 9-pentadecadiene and 1, 17-dimethoxy-7, 10-heptadecadiene. IV (9 g.) was reacted with Br at 0°, then with HBr at 100-130°, and finally debrominated with Zn in EtOH to produce 8 g. 1-bromo-7, 10-hexadecadiene (V), b_0.3 136-40°. V was transformed to the iodide with NaI in acetone, reacted with NaCH(CO₂Et)₂, decarboxylated, and distilled, giving 3.2 g. of a linoleic acid, b_0.8 179-83°; iodine number 152. Bromination of 2 g. of acid produced a large amount of an oily bromide and 0.35 g. of a tetrabromide, m. 77-8°, identical with the bromide of natural linoleic acid elaidinized by Se (cf. Kass and Burr, C.A. 33, 6239.8). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane).

1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Localized versus Backbone Fluorescence in N-p-(Diarylboryl)phenyl-Substituted 2,7- and 3,6-Linked Polycarbazoles was written by Reitzenstein, Doerte;Lambert, Christoph. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2009.Related Products of 100189-84-2 This article mentions the following:

The triarylborane acceptor in poly[9-((4-dimesitylboryl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-9H-carbazole]-3,6-diyl, P2, has a strong impact on the optical properties of the 3,6-linked polycarbazole and results in enhanced fluorescence quantum yield because of a low-lying fluorescent CT (charge transfer) state. In contrast, the same acceptor substituent does not influence the optical properties of poly[9-((4-dimesitylboryl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-9H-carbazole]-2,7-diyl, P1. In P1, the optical properties are governed by conjugation along the carbazole backbone. This interpretation is supported by comparison with poly[9-(4-(diphenylmethyl)-phenyl)-9H-carbazole]-2,7-diyl, P3, reference Synthesis and characterization by gel permeation chromatog., NMR spectroscopy, absorption, and fluorescence measurements in solution and solid state and cyclic voltammetric measurements of the three polymers are presented. A single-layer OLED [organic light-emitting device] was constructed with P2 to study electroluminescent properties. A solution of P2 in chloroform/toluene was spin coated onto ITO-coated glass plates, and Al contacts were deposited on top. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2Related Products of 100189-84-2).

2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Related Products of 100189-84-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

(Indolylalkyl)piperidine carbamates as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) was written by Dahlhaus, Helmut;Hanekamp, Walburga;Lehr, Matthias. And the article was included in MedChemComm in 2017.Quality Control of N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide This article mentions the following:

A series of Ph 4-[(indol-1-yl)alkyl]piperidine carbamates was synthesized and tested for inhibition of the endocannabinoid degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and for metabolic stability in rat liver S9 fractions and porcine blood plasma. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that variation of the length of the alkyl spacer connecting the indole and the piperidine heterocycle, introduction of substituents into the indole ring, replacement of the piperidine by a piperazine scaffold as well as opening of the piperidine ring system affect activity significantly. The metabolic stability of this compound class proved to be significantly higher than that of corresponding Ph N-(indol-1-ylalkyl)carbamates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4Quality Control of N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide).

N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide (cas: 954-81-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Quality Control of N-(5-Bromopentyl)phthalimide

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Bronsted Acid-Catalyzed : Synthesis of Phenanthrenes via Phosphomolybdic Acid as a Catalyst was written by Chen, Yi;Liu, Di;Wang, Rui;Xu, Li;Tan, Jingyao;Shu, Mao;Tian, Lingfeng;Jin, Yuan;Zhang, Xiaoke;Lin, Zhihua. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Safety of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Herein, disclosed a synthetic protocol for the synthesis of phenanthrenes such as I [R = H, Me; R¹ = H, Me, OMe, etc.; R² = H, F, OMe, etc.; R³ = H, OTIPS; R⁴ = H, F, Cl, etc.] through the CCOM with the inexpensive, nontoxic phosphomolybdic acid as a catalyst. The current annulations could realized carbonyl-olefin, carbonyl-alc., and acetal-alc. in situ CCOM reactions and feature mild reaction conditions, simple manipulation and scalability, making this strategy a promising alternative to the Lewis acid-catalyzed COM reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Safety of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Safety of 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary