Micelle-Enabled Palladium Catalysis for Convenient sp2-sp3 Coupling of Nitroalkanes with Aryl Bromides in Water Under Mild Conditions was written by Brals, Jeremy;Smith, Justin D.;Ibrahim, Faisal;Gallou, Fabrice;Handa, Sachin. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2017.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate This article mentions the following:
The efficacy of custom surfactant FI-750-M, designed to mimic polar solvents such as DMF and 1,4-dioxane, was demonstrated with the palladium-catalyzed sp2-sp3 coupling of nitroalkanes to aryl bromides using a heteroleptic palladium catalyst under unprecedentedly mild conditions. Optimized reaction conditions mostly provided good yields up to gram scale, with high selectivity and functional group tolerance for a wide scope of aryl bromides. Use of surfactant FI-750-M makes water the gross reaction medium and enables in-flask recycling. The behavior of the surfactant was elucidated with DLS and cryo-TEM measurements, and mechanistic studies have revealed the importance of the π-allyl ligand in the catalytic cycle. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate).
Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 179232-29-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. The principal reactions for organobromides include dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary