Development of a Series of Practical Fluorescent Chemical Tools To Measure pH Values in Living Samples was written by Takahashi, Shodai;Kagami, Yu;Hanaoka, Kenjiro;Terai, Takuya;Komatsu, Toru;Ueno, Tasuku;Uchiyama, Masanobu;Koyama-Honda, Ikuko;Mizushima, Noboru;Taguchi, Tomohiko;Arai, Hiroyuki;Nagano, Tetsuo;Urano, Yasuteru. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2018.Recommanded Product: 100189-84-2 This article mentions the following:
In biol. systems, the pH in intracellular organelles or tissues is strictly regulated, and differences of pH are deeply related to key biol. events such as protein degradation, intracellular trafficking, renal failure, and cancer. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging is useful for determination of precise pH values, but existing fluorescence probes have substantial limitations, such as inappropriate pKa for imaging in the physiol. pH range, inadequate photobleaching resistance, and insufficiently long excitation and emission wavelengths. Here we report a versatile scaffold for ratiometric fluorescence pH probes, based on asym. rhodamine. To demonstrate its usefulness for biol. applications, we employed it to develop two probes. (1) SiRpH5 has suitable pKa and water solubility for imaging in acidic intracellular compartments; by using transferrin tagged with SiRpH5, we achieved time-lapse imaging of pH in endocytic compartments during protein trafficking for the first time. (2) Me-pEPPR is a near-IR (NIR) probe; by using dextrin tagged with Me-pEPPR, we were able to image extracellular pH of renal tubules and tumors in situ. These chem. tools should be useful for studying the influence of intra- and extracellular pH on biol. processes, as well as for in vivo imaging. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2Recommanded Product: 100189-84-2).
2,5-Dibromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 100189-84-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 100189-84-2
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary