The author of 《Intratumorally Injected Photothermal Agent-Loaded Photodynamic Nanocarriers for Ablation of Orthotopic Melanoma and Breast Cancer》 were Sun, Xiaodong; Zhuang, Bo; Zhang, Mengmeng; Jiang, Heliu; Jin, Yiguang. And the article was published in ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering in 2019. Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate The author mentioned the following in the article:
Traditional chemotherapy of cancers may lead to serious adverse reactions due to little drug distribution in tumors. Here, a combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) was used for local treatment of orthotopic melanoma and breast cancer via intratumoral (i.t.) injection of photothermal agent-loaded photodynamic nanocarriers. A hydrophobic derivative of indocyanine green, DCC, was synthesized and entrapped into a pH-sensitive photosensitizer-core copolymer, PDCZP, to form DCC@PDCZP. The nanocarriers showed remarkable fluorescence, high singlet oxygen quantum yields, and a strong photothermal effect. Flow cytometry suggested that the nanocarriers were efficiently internalized by cancer cells. Near IR thermal imaging and fluorescence self-imaging showed that the i.t. injected DCC@PDCZP mainly remained in the tumors, but the i.v. (i.v.) nanocarriers were distributed a little. One i.t. injection of DCC@PDCZP was enough to ablate the orthotopic B16-F10 and 4T1 mouse tumors under 830 and 660 nm irradiation at 4 h postinjection. More importantly, no local recurrences were found, though swabs were formed at 9 days post-treatment. The major anticancer mechanisms included improvement of cancer cell necrosis due to hyperthermia, inhibition of neovascularization, and enhancement of cell apoptosis. The i.t. injection of PTT/PDT nanoformulations is thus a promising local treatment of superficial tumors. The experimental process involved the reaction of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate)
Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.Quality Control of Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate
Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary