Tag: 100-200

Removal of photoredox catalysts from polymers synthesized by organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization was written by Chism, Katherine A.;Corbin, Daniel A.;Miyake, Garret M.. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2022.Formula: C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) is a method of producing polymers with precise structures under mild conditions using organic photoredox catalysts (PCs). Due to the unknown toxicity of PCs and their propensity to introduce color in polymers synthesized by this method, removal of the PC from the polymer product can be important for certain applications of polymers produced using O-ATRP. Current purification methods largely rely on precipitation to remove the PC from the polymer, but a more effective and efficient purification method is needed. In this work, an alternative purification method relying on oxidation of the PC to PC^·+ followed by filtration through a plug to remove PC^·+ from the polymer and removal of the volatiles was developed. A range of chem. oxidants and stationary phases were tested for their ability to remove PCs from polymers, revealing chem. oxidation by N-bromosuccinimide followed by a filtration through a silica plug can remove up to 99% of the PC from poly(Me methacrylate). Characterization of the polymer before and after purification demonstrated that polymer mol. weight, dispersity, and chain-end fidelity are not signficantly impacted by this purification method. Finally, this purification method was tested on a range of dihydrophenazine, phenoxazine, dihydroacridines, and phenothiazine PCs, revealing the strength of the chem. oxidant must match the oxidation potential of the PC for effective purification In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Formula: C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Formula: C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of new dinuclear and mononuclear peroxovanadium(V) complexes containing biogenic co-ligands: a comparative study of some of their properties was written by Sarmah, Swapnalee;Kalita, Diganta;Hazarika, Pankaj;Borah, Ruli;Islam, Nashreen S.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2004.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-3-bromophenol This article mentions the following:

Dinuclear peroxo complexes of vanadium, [V₂O₂(O₂)₃(asn)₃]·H₂O (1, asn = asparagine) and [V₂O₂(O₂)₃(gln)₃]·H₂O (2, gln = glutamine) were synthesized from the reaction of V₂O₅ with H₂O₂ and the resp. amino acid ligand at pH ∼2. Similar reactions conducted at pH ∼5 afforded the monomeric complexes, Na[VO(O₂)₂(asn)]·H₂O (3) and Na[VO(O₂)₂(gln)]·H₂O (4). The compounds were characterized by elemental anal. and spectral studies. In complexes 1 and 2, the two V(V) centers are bridged by a peroxo group and an amino acid ligand occurring as a zwitterion. The monomeric complexes 3 and 4 contain peroxo groups bonded in a side-on fashion and an amino acid co-ligand binding the V(V) center through O (carboxylate) atoms. The complexes 1 and 2 rapidly degraded in aqueous solution with release of O₂ and formation of diperoxovanadate and decavanadate as shown by ⁵¹V NMR spectra whereas complexes 3 and 4 remained stable in solution for over 24 h. Extent and rate of O₂ released from the two types of complexes under the effect of catalase action further evidenced the differences in their V:O₂^2- content and mode of peroxide binding in these species. The μ-peroxovanadate complexes 1 and 2 instantaneously oxidized bromide to a bromination-competent intermediate in phosphate buffer at physiol. pH, and also efficiently mediated bromination of organic substrates in aqueous-organic media. Complexes 3 and 4 were inactive for bromination under analogous conditions. These findings make the dinuclear complexes 1 and 2 possible candidates of mimic in the action of vanadium in bromoperoxidase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-3-bromophenol).

4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-3-bromophenol

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Heterocycle Annulation of Enolizable Vinyl Quinone Imides. Dihydroquinolines and Quinolines from Thermal 6π-Electrocyclizations and Indoles from Photochemical Cyclizations was written by Parker, Kathlyn A.;Mindt, Thomas L.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2002.Related Products of 74440-80-5 This article mentions the following:

Enolizable vinyl quinone mono- and diimide substrates I (R = Ac, Me₃SiCH₂CH₂SO₂; X = O, NR) undergo cyclization in toluene with HMPA in the dark to provide protected 6-hydroxy and 6-amino dihydroquinolines II (R = Ac, Me₃SiCH₂CH₂SO₂; X = O, NR) in 55-71% yields. Aromatization of I (R = Ac, Me₃SiCH₂CH₂SO₂; X = O, NR) provides the corresponding quinolines upon deprotection of the dihydroquinoline nitrogens. The substrates I are prepared from bromophenylenediamines and bromoaminophenols using a Stille coupling to assemble the framework followed by deprotection (if needed) and oxidation to generate the quinone imides. When the quinone monoimides I (R = Ac, Me₃SiCH₂CH₂SO₂; X = O) are stirred in toluene with HMPA under ambient light, the hydroxyindoles III (R = Ac, Me₃SiCH₂CH₂SO₂) are obtained instead in 59-69% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5Related Products of 74440-80-5).

4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Related Products of 74440-80-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Multifunctional Two-Dimensional Polymers for Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 24% was written by Fu, Qiang;Liu, Hang;Tang, Xingchen;Wang, Rui;Chen, Mingqian;Liu, Yongsheng. And the article was included in ACS Energy Letters in 2022.Recommanded Product: 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

The passivation of the intrinsic surface defects of perovskites by organic functional materials has a great potential to retard charge recombination and enhance charge extraction However, unsatisfactory device performance and a lack of in-depth understanding of the defect passivation mechanism make rational mol. design for efficient solar cells a great challenge. Herein, two solution-processable two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers, namely, 2DP-F and 2DP-O, have been synthesized for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is found that these materials could passivate surface defects, transport and extract hole carriers, hamper moisture invasion, and impede diffusion of Li⁺ cations into the perovskite film. As a result, champion efficiencies of 23.31% and 24.08% were achieved for 2DP-F- and 2DP-O-based devices, resp., coupled with dramatically improved stability. These results indicate that our proposed 2D polymers could be promising multifunctional materials for further boosting the efficiency and improving the stability of PSCs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Recommanded Product: 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Recommanded Product: 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Note on the preparation of alkyl- and oxaalkyldimethylsilanols was written by Boksanyi, Laszlo;Liardon, Olivier;Kovats, Ervin. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1976.Recommanded Product: 4457-67-4 This article mentions the following:

Approx. 15 trialkylsilanols were prepared Thus, RMe2SiCl, prepared in 50-83% yield by Grignard reaction of Me2SiCl2 with RBr, were hydrolyzed to give 29-94% RMe2SiOH (R = Me, Et, Pr, hexyl, decyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl, docosyl). Also, RMe2SiCl (R = oxaalkyl), prepared in 68-90% yield by hydrosilylation of oxaalkenes, were hydrolyzed to give 42-95% RMe2SiOH (R = MeO(CH2)n, MeOCH2CH2O(CH2)n, n = 3-5; 5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxaoctadecyl). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Recommanded Product: 4457-67-4).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 4457-67-4

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Simultaneous Tuning of Alkyl Chains and End Groups in Non-fused Ring Electron Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells was written by Luo, Dou;Jiang, Zhengyan;Shan, Chengwei;Li, Lanqing;Duan, Chenghao;Liu, Qian;Wang, Zhaojin;Wang, Kai;Xu, Baomin;Kyaw, Aung Ko Ko. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2022.Recommanded Product: 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

Fine-tuning the alkyl chains and end groups of non-fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) plays vital roles in the promotion of charge transfer (CT) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, we developed a series of A-D-A′-D-A-type NFREAs, which possess the same terminals (A), the cyclopentadithiophene unit (D), and the thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (A′). Despite the subtle difference in side chains and halogenated end groups, the six acceptors exhibit a considerable difference in the efficiency and device stability of the organic solar cells (OSCs). Among the mols., chlorinated NFREAs show a broader light absorption than the fluorinated ones do. Compared with C8C8-4F (1-octylnonyl and fluorination) and C6C4-4Cl (2-butyloctyl and chlorination), C8C8-4Cl (1-octylnonyl and chlorination) exhibits a lower HOMO level, higher electron mobility, and denser mol. packing. The OSCs based on PM6:C8C8-4Cl yield the best PCE of 14.11%, which is attributed to the faster charge transport, high miscibility, and preferable morphol. Moreover, the PM6:C8C8-4Cl devices retain 91.1% of the initial PCE after being placed in air with 67% relative humidity for 50 days. This work shows that the simultaneous optimization of side chains and end groups facilitates the CT and improves the stability in the OSCs, offering a novel view into the mol. design of A-D-A′-D-A-type NFREAs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Recommanded Product: 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Discovery of selective nanomolar inhibitors for insulin-regulated aminopeptidase based on α-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives of Bestatin was written by Vourloumis, Dionisios;Mavridis, Ioannis;Athanasoulis, Alexandros;Temponeras, Ioannis;Koumantou, Despoina;Giastas, Petros;Mpakali, Anastasia;Magrioti, Victoria;Leib, Jacqueline;van Endert, Peter;Stratikos, Efstratios;Papakyriakou, Athanasios. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

The oxytocinase subfamily of M1 zinc aminopeptidases comprises emerging drug targets, including the ER-resident aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2) and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP); however, reports on clin. relevant inhibitors are limited. Here we report a new synthetic approach of high diastereo- and regioselectivity for functionalization of the α-hydroxy-β-amino acid scaffold of bestatin. Stereochem. and mechanism of inhibition were investigated by a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of ERAP1 in complex with a micromolar inhibitor. By exploring the P1 side-chain functionalities, we achieve significant potency and selectivity, and we report a cell-active, low-nanomolar inhibitor of IRAP with >120-fold selectivity over homologous enzymes. X-ray crystallog. anal. of IRAP in complex with this inhibitor suggest that interactions with the GAMEN loop is an unappreciated key determinant for potency and selectivity. Overall, our results suggest that α-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives may constitute useful chem. tools and drug leads for this group of aminopeptidases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5COA of Formula: C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.COA of Formula: C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Design and synthesis of phenoxymethybenzoimidazole incorporating different aryl thiazole-triazole acetamide derivatives as α-glycosidase inhibitors was written by Nasli Esfahani, Anita;Iraji, Aida;Alamir, Amir;Moradi, Shahram;Asgari, Mohammad Sadegh;Hosseini, Samanesadat;Mojtabavi, Somayeh;Nasli-Esfahani, Ensieh;Faramarzi, Mohammad Ali;Bandarian, Fatemeh;Larijani, Bagher;Hamedifar, Haleh;Hajimiri, Mir Hamed;Mahdavi, Mohammad. And the article was included in Molecular Diversity in 2022.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A novel series of phenoxymethybenzimidazole derivatives I (R¹ = H, 4-F, 4-Br, 4-CH₃, 3-OCH₃, 4-OCH₃; R² = H, CH₃; R³ = H, OCH₃) were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their α-glycosidase inhibitory activity. All tested compounds displayed promising α-glycosidase inhibitory potential with IC₅₀ values in the range of 6.31 to 49.89μM compared to standard drug acarbose (IC₅₀ = 750.0 ± 10.0μM). Enzyme kinetic studies on I (R¹ = 4-Br, R² = R³ = H; R¹ = R² = H, R³ = OCH₃; R¹ = 4-CH₃, R² = CH₃, R³ = H) as the most potent compounds revealed that these compounds were uncompetitive inhibitors into α-glycosidase. Docking studies confirmed the important role of benzimidazole and triazole rings of the synthesized compounds I to fit properly into the α-glycosidase active site. This study showed that this scaffold can be considered as a highly potent α-glycosidase inhibitor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Category: bromides-buliding-blocks).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Bromo(monohydroxy)phenyl mercapturic acids. A new class of mercapturic acids from bromobenzene-treated rats was written by Zheng, Jiang;Hanzlik, Robert P.. And the article was included in Drug Metabolism and Disposition in 1992.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-3-bromophenol This article mentions the following:

Alk. permethylation and GC/MS anal. of urinary mercapturic acids from rats given bromobenzene yielded several quinone-derived bromodimethoxythioanisole isomers as expected. Unexpectedly, seven bromomonomethoxythioanisole isomers were also observed, suggesting the presence of bromomonohydroxyphenyl mercapturic acids in the urine. Alk. permethylation of synthetic 4- and 5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl mercapturic acid gave 4- and 5-bromo-2-methoxythioanisole, resp., which were also observed after alk. permethylation of urine from bromobenzene-treated rats, as was 2-bromo-4-methoxythioanisole. To explore the biosynthetic origin of the bromomonohydroxyphenyl mercapturic acids, rats were sep. dosed i.p. with synthetic racemic 2-, 3-, or 4-bromophenyl mercapturic acid, or biosynthetic L-(-)-4-bromophenyl mercapturic acid, or a biosynthetic mixture of the 3,4- and 4,3-premercapturic acids from bromobenzene, and their urine (0-24 h) analyzed by alk. permethylation and GC/MS. The administered mercapturic acids and premercapturic acids were partly excreted unchanged (60-80% and 24%, resp.), but both gave rise to bromomonohydroxyphenyl mercapturic acids (0.1-5.2% of dose). Results indicated that the latter could be formed by (1) dehydrogenation of premercapturic acids and (2) hydroxylation of mercapturic acids (or their cysteine equivalent). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-3-bromophenol).

4-Amino-3-bromophenol (cas: 74440-80-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-3-bromophenol

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Total synthesis of linoleic acid was written by Baudart, Pierre. And the article was included in Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France in 1944.Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane This article mentions the following:

A linoleic acid was synthesized and shown to be a stereoisomer of the natural acid. Intermediates prepared include 1-methoxypentane, b₇₆₀ 100-2°; 1-bromopentane, b₇₆₀ 122-4°, n_D²⁵ 1.4290, d₄²⁵ 1.1552; 1,6-hexanediol, b₃ 121-4°; 1,6-dibromohexane, b₃ 77-80°; 1-bromo-6-methoxyhexane, n_D²⁵ 1.4469, d₄²⁵ 1.1887. Glutardialdoxime (cf. Shaw, C.A. 31, 3008.1) (180 g.) and 240 g. EtONO were added gradually in alternate portions to 50 mL. 95% EtOH containing 5 mL. AcOH at 0°. The mixture was acidified with EtOH-HCl and allowed to stand 5 h. at 0° and 48 h. at room temperature over CaCl₂, yielding after ether extraction and distillation 175 g. glutaraldehyde bis(di-Et acetal) (I), b₃ 97-100°, n_D²⁵ 1.4232; d²⁵ 0.9009. I was reacted with 290 g. PCl₅.EtCl at 30-40°, the POCl₃ removed under vacuum, and the residue of 1,5-diethoxy-1,5-dichloropentane (II) distilled, b_0.8 90-100° (partial decomposition); yield 118 g. II with Br at 0° gave 240 g. impure, very unstable 1,5-diethoxy-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrabromopentane (III), which was used at once. To III in Et₂O at 0° were added Et₂O solutions of 78 g. AmMgBr and 120 g. MeO(CH₂)₆Br (cf. Dionneau, C.A. 1, 2683). The product was isolated and reduced with powd. Zn in BuOH (cf. Boord, et al., C.A. 27, 4770), yielding after distillation 11 g. impure 1-methoxy-7,10-hexadecadiene (IV), b₃ 144-7, as well as 6, 9-pentadecadiene and 1, 17-dimethoxy-7, 10-heptadecadiene. IV (9 g.) was reacted with Br at 0°, then with HBr at 100-130°, and finally debrominated with Zn in EtOH to produce 8 g. 1-bromo-7, 10-hexadecadiene (V), b_0.3 136-40°. V was transformed to the iodide with NaI in acetone, reacted with NaCH(CO₂Et)₂, decarboxylated, and distilled, giving 3.2 g. of a linoleic acid, b_0.8 179-83°; iodine number 152. Bromination of 2 g. of acid produced a large amount of an oily bromide and 0.35 g. of a tetrabromide, m. 77-8°, identical with the bromide of natural linoleic acid elaidinized by Se (cf. Kass and Burr, C.A. 33, 6239.8). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane).

1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane (cas: 50592-87-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.Recommanded Product: 1-Bromo-6-methoxyhexane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary