Tag: 100-200

A Substructure Combination Strategy to Create Potent and Selective Transthyretin Kinetic Stabilizers that Prevent Amyloidogenesis and Cytotoxicity was written by Choi, Sung-Wook;Reixach, Natalia;Connelly, Stephen;Johnson, Steven M.;Wilson, Ian A.;Kelly, Jeffery W.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2010.Recommanded Product: 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Transthyretin aggregation-associated proteotoxicity appears to cause several human amyloid diseases. Rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and monomer misfolding of transthyretin (TTR) occur before its aggregation into cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils. Small mol. binding to and preferential stabilization of the tetrameric state of TTR over the dissociative transition state raises the kinetic barrier for dissociation, imposing kinetic stabilization on TTR and preventing aggregation. This is an effective strategy to halt neurodegeneration associated with polyneuropathy, according to recent placebo-controlled clin. trial results. In three recent papers, we systematically ranked possibilities for the three substructures composing a typical TTR kinetic stabilizer, using fibril inhibition potency and plasma TTR binding selectivity data. Herein, we have successfully employed a substructure combination strategy to use these data to develop potent and selective TTR kinetic stabilizers that rescue cells from the cytotoxic effects of TTR amyloidogenesis. Of the 92 stilbene and dihydrostilbene analogs synthesized, nearly all potently inhibit TTR fibril formation. Seventeen of these exhibit a binding stoichiometry of >1.5 of a maximum of 2 to plasma TTR, while displaying minimal binding to the thyroid hormone receptor (<20%). Six analogs were definitively categorized as kinetic stabilizers by evaluating dissociation time-courses. High-resolution TTR·(kinetic stabilizer)₂ crystal structures (1.31-1.70 Å) confirmed the anticipated binding orientation of the 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl substructure and revealed a strong preference of the isosteric 3,5-dibromo-4-aminophenyl substructure to bind to the inner thyroxine binding pocket of TTR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7Recommanded Product: 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene).

2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene (cas: 83902-02-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Recommanded Product: 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3-dimethylbenzene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of some diazoles, triazoles, and tetrazoles was written by Barlin, Gordon B.;Batterham, Thomas J.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] B: Physical Organic in 1967.Recommanded Product: 4-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole This article mentions the following:

The N.M.R. spectra of various charged species from 33 azoles have been measured. In N-methyl-imidazoles and -1,2,4-triazoles the sites of protonation have been determined, and the cations appear to be stabilized by amidinium type resonance. Solvent effects are discussed. 27 references. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (cas: 13273-53-5Recommanded Product: 4-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole).

4-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (cas: 13273-53-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Recommanded Product: 4-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis of functionalized aliphatic aldehydes via a copper-catalyzed Grignard coupling reaction was written by Volkmann, Robert A.;Davis, Jeffery T.;Meltz, Clifford N.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1983.Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane This article mentions the following:

A two-step procedure was developed for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized aliphatic aldehydes. The coupling reaction of the Grignard reagent derived from 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxolane with alkyl bromides R(CH₂)_nBr (n = 4, R = Me, MeO, CN; n = 5, R = Cl; n = 2, 3, 4, 7; R = CO₂Et) gave substituted acetals I in good yield. Mild acid catalyzed hydrolysis of I using a liquid-liquid continuous extractor generated the aldehydes R(CH₂)_n+2CHO. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and Structure-Affinity Relationship Investigations of 5-Heteroaryl-Substituted Analogues of the Antipsychotic Sertindole. A New Class of Highly Selective α₁ Adrenoceptor Antagonists was written by Balle, Thomas;Perregaard, Jens;Ramirez, Martha Teresa;Larsen, Anna Kirstine;Soby, Karina Krojer;Liljefors, Tommy;Andersen, Kim. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2003.Formula: C3H4BrN3 This article mentions the following:

A new class of 5-heteroaryl-substituted 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-indoles, e.g., I (X = NH, O), as highly selective and potentially CNS-active α₁-adrenoceptor antagonists is described. The compounds are derived from the antipsychotic sertindole. The structure-affinity relationships of the 5-heteroaryl substituents, and the substituents on the piperidine nitrogen atom were optimized with respect to affinity for α₁ adrenoceptors and selectivity in respect to dopamine (D_1-4) and serotonin (5-HT_1A-1B and 5-HT_2A,2C) receptors. The most selective compound obtained, 3-{4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-1-piperidinyl}propionitrile (II), has affinities of 0.99, 3.2, and 9.0 nM for the α_1a, α_1b, and α_1d adrenoceptor subtypes, resp., and a selectivity for adrenergic α_1a receptors in respect to dopamine D₂, D₃, and D₄ and serotonin 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C higher than 900, comparable to the selectivity of prazosin. Compound II is more than 150-fold selective in respect to serotonin 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_1B receptors. A new basic pharmacophore for α₁-adrenoceptor antagonists based on a previously reported pharmacophore model for dopamine D₂ antagonist is suggested. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (cas: 13273-53-5Formula: C3H4BrN3).

4-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (cas: 13273-53-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Organo bromine compounds are versatile compounds and are widely used in diverse fields. Organo bromine derivatives are used in the dye sector, as an indicator in analytical chemistry (Bromothymol blue is a popular indicator). In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Formula: C3H4BrN3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Ynenamides through Gold(I)-Catalyzed Hydroalkynylation of Ynamides was written by Siera, Hannah;Kreuzahler, Mathis;Wolper, Christoph;Haberhauer, Gebhard. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

Herein, regio- and stereoselective preparation of ynenamides I [R = Pr, cyclopropyl, Ph, etc.] via gold(I)-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of ynamides was exptl. shown. A wide range of products could be generated with yields up to 90% and, in contrast to many other gold-catalyzed alkyne dimerization reactions, alkyl groups were tolerated. Quantum chem. calculations and NMR labeling experiments revealed a mechanism via dual gold catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5COA of Formula: C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.COA of Formula: C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Copper-Catalyzed Amide Radical-Directed Cyanation of Unactivated C_sp³-H Bonds was written by Zhang, Hongwei;Zhou, Yulu;Tian, Peiyuan;Jiang, Cuiyu. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Name: 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane This article mentions the following:

N-alkyl-N-fluorosulfonamides such as I (Ts = 4-MeC₆H₄SO₂) underwent chemoselective and regioselective cyanation with TsCN in the presence of CuCN and bathocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in 1,2-dichloroethane to yield δ-(sulfonylamino)nitriles such as II. The N-fluorosulfonamides were prepared in most cases in two steps from the corresponding amines and sulfonyl chlorides. Trapping experiments and ring opening of an N-cyclopropanebutylsulfonamide support the presence of radical intermediates; the reaction is proposed to occur by Cu(I)-mediated N-F bond cleavage to generate an amidyl radical, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, and cyanation of the resulting carbon radical with TsCN. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4Name: 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane).

1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane (cas: 4457-67-4) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Name: 1-Bromo-4-methoxybutane

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Selective Preparation of Xanthones from 2-Bromofluorobenzenes and Salicylaldehydes via Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation-SNAr Approach was written by Shen, Chaoren;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Synlett in 2016.SDS of cas: 452-62-0 This article mentions the following:

A regioselective pathway for the preparation of xanthones from 2-bromofluorobenzenes and salicylaldehydes was developed. The reaction proceeded through palladium-catalyzed acylation-S_NAr sequence. Good to moderate yields of the desired xanthones were prepared in one step. Based on the results of control experiments, a possible reaction mechanism is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0SDS of cas: 452-62-0).

3-Bromo-4-fluorotoluene (cas: 452-62-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.SDS of cas: 452-62-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Integrated strategy for the synthesis of aromatic building blocks via upcycling of real-life plastic wastes was written by Qin, Yuman;Zhang, Tong;Ching, H. Y. Vincent;Raman, Gandhi Siva;Das, Shoubhik. And the article was included in Chem in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

There is a high demand for aromatic compounds in petrochem. industries as well as in end-user industries. However, current synthesis of aromatics is entirely dependent on energy-intensive strategies. At the same time, the rapid growth of plastic wastes in landfills and oceans is alarming. As a solution to both dilemmas, we report here an integrated strategy for the synthesis of lower aromatics such as benzene, toluene, biphenyl, and salicylic acid from real-life PS-based wastes. Addnl., four bioactive compounds have been synthesized. Advantageously, gram-scale transformations of real-life PS-based wastes have been achieved to demonstrate the practicality. Finally, detailed mechanistic investigations have revealed the mechanism of this upcycling strategy and clearly demonstrated the role of each reagent involved in this reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.Synthetic Route of C4H4BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Palladium(II) and platinum(II) porphyrin donors for organic photovoltaics was written by Gao, Yaxin;Piradi, Venkatesh;Zhu, Xunjin;So, Shu Kong. And the article was included in ACS Applied Energy Materials in 2022.Application of 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

Three new A-π-D-π-A structural porphyrin-based donors, C19-H2P, C19-PdP, and C19-PtP, are designed and synthesized, with porphyrin (D) moieties equipped with no metal, palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt) as the core, resp., and end-capped with electron-deficient 3-ethylrhodanine (A) via a π-bridge of phenylene ethynylene linker. C19-PdP and C19-PtP exhibit low-lying HOMO levels than C19-H2P. The three porphyrin donors show highly intensified and broad absorptions at ca. 400-530 nm (Soret bands) and at ca. 550-800 nm (Q-bands) with an absorption valley at ca. 540 nm. Using PC₇₁BM as an electron acceptor, the devices based on C19-PdP and C19-PtP donors achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 8.09 and 7.31% under 1 Sun, resp., whereas the C19-H2P device, that has no metal, has a very low PCE of 2.51%. Furthermore, at 300 lx LED source, the C19-PdP and C19-PtP devices deliver promising PCEs of 16.54 and 16.74%, resp. The improved performance of C19-PdP- and C19-PtP-based devices is mainly due to more efficient charge collection, faster charge transport, more suppressed recombination behavior, and smoother surface morphol. These findings pave the way for the development of new metalloporphyrin-based donors for organic solar cells using simple structural engineering. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Application of 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. In the pharmaceutical industry organo bromine derivatives are used as sedatives, vasodilators, antiseptic agents, and anticancer agents.Application of 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Isomerism Strategy to Optimize Aggregation and Morphology for Superior Polymer Solar Cells was written by Shen, Xiangyu;Lai, Xue;Lai, Hanjian;Zhao, Tingxing;Zhu, Yulin;Pu, Mingrui;Wang, Hengtao;Tan, Pu;He, Feng. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Reference of 128-08-5 This article mentions the following:

The effect of isomerism in polymer donors is appealing as a means of optimization of mol. configurations in organic solar cells (OSCs) but has not been well explored. Two isomers, PAB-α and PAB-γ, with different orientations of their fused thiophene rings were designed and synthesized to investigate the influence of isomerism in polymer donors on their photovoltaic conversions. It was shown that two polymers with almost identical structures exhibited significant differences in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar devices. The PAB-α-based devices achieve an excellent PCE of 15.05%, while the PAB-γ-based devices only obtain an extremely low PCE of 0.04%. Reasons for such a dramatic performance disparity include first, the absorption spectrum of PAB-γ being markedly blue-shifted and failing to match the absorption spectrum of common high-efficiency acceptors, such as Y6, and second, acceptor Y6 has preferable miscibility with PAB-α for a smaller χ value of 0.067 and smaller root-mean-square value of 0.98 nm. What is more, PAB-α has a closer π-π interaction distance compared to its isomer PAB-γ from grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) anal., and the order-of-magnitude difference between the hole and electron mobilities of two active layers also made the opposing values of their device efficiencies. Therefore, PAB-α has a superior performance in photovoltaic devices, demonstrating that fine tuning of at. orientation could bring great changes to the properties of the polymer donors. This provides a new train of thought for the material design and evolution of device performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5Reference of 128-08-5).

1-Bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (cas: 128-08-5) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Commercially available organobromine pharmaceuticals include the vasodilator nicergoline, the sedative brotizolam, the anticancer agent pipobroman, and the antiseptic merbromin. Reference of 128-08-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary