Tag: 100-200

The author of 《Halting hyaluronidase activity with hyaluronan-based nanohydrogels: development of versatile injectable formulations》 were Montanari, E.; Zoratto, N.; Mosca, L.; Cervoni, L.; Lallana, E.; Angelini, R.; Matassa, R.; Coviello, T.; Di Meo, C.; Matricardi, P.. And the article was published in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2019. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks The author mentioned the following in the article:

Hyaluronan (HA) is among the most used biopolymers for viscosupplementation and dermocosmetics. However, the current injectable HA-based formulations present relevant limitations: (I) unmodified HA is quickly degraded by endogenous hyaluronidases (HAase), resulting in short lasting properties; (II) crosslinked HA, although shows enhanced stability against HAase, often contains toxic chem. crosslinkers. As such, herein, we present biocompatible self-assembled hyaluronan-cholesterol nanohydrogels (HA-CH NHs) able to bind to HAase and inhibit the enzyme activity in vitro, more efficiently than currently marketed HA-based crosslinked formulations (e.g. Jonexa). HA-CH NHs inhibit HAase through a mixed mechanism, by which NHs bind to HAase with an affinity constant 7-fold higher than that of native HA. Similar NHs, based on gellan-CH, evidenced no binding to HAase, neither inhibition of the enzyme activity, suggesting this effect might be due to the specific binding of HA-CH to the active site of the enzyme. Therefore, HA-CH NHs were engineered into injectable hybrid HA mixtures or phys. hydrogels, able to halt the enzymic degradation of HA. In addition to this study using 4-Bromobutanoic acid, there are many other studies that have used 4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2Category: bromides-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.

4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2) belongs to carboxylic acids. The chief chemical characteristic of the carboxylic acids is their acidity. They are generally more acidic than other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups but are generally weaker than the familiar mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, etc.).Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2019,Nature Communications included an article by Zhang, Wenjia; Hu, Xianglong; Shen, Qi; Xing, Da. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks. The article was titled 《Mitochondria-specific drug release and reactive oxygen species burst induced by polyprodrug nanoreactors can enhance chemotherapy》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Cancer cells exhibit slightly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with normal cells, and approx. 90% of intracellular ROS is produced in mitochondria. In situ mitochondrial ROS amplification is a promising strategy to enhance cancer therapy. Here we report cancer cell and mitochondria dual-targeting polyprodrug nanoreactors (DT-PNs) covalently tethered with a high content of repeating camptothecin (CPT) units, which release initial free CPT in the presence of endogenous mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). The in situ released CPT acts as a cellular respiration inhibitor, inducing mtROS upregulation, thus achieving subsequent self-circulation of CPT release and mtROS burst. This mtROS amplification endows long-term high oxidative stress to induce cancer cell apoptosis. This current strategy of endogenously activated mtROS amplification for enhanced chemodynamic therapy overcomes the short lifespan and action range of ROS, avoids the penetration limitation of exogenous light in photodynamic therapy, and is promising for theranostics. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2Category: bromides-buliding-blocks)

4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2) belongs to carboxylic acids. The chief chemical characteristic of the carboxylic acids is their acidity. They are generally more acidic than other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups but are generally weaker than the familiar mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, etc.).Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2016,Mawad, Damia; Artzy-Schnirman, Arbel; Tonkin, Joanne; Ramos, Jose; Inal, Sahika; Mahat, Muzamir M.; Darwish, Nadim; Zwi-Dantsis, Limor; Malliaras, George G.; Gooding, J. Justin; Lauto, Antonio; Stevens, Molly M. published 《Electroconductive Hydrogel Based on Functional Poly(Ethylenedioxy Thiophene)》.Chemistry of Materials published the findings.Product Details of 3395-91-3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) with functional pendant groups bearing double bonds is synthesized and employed for the fabrication of electroactive hydrogels with advantageous characteristics; covalently crosslinked porous 3D scaffolds with notable swelling ratio, appropriate mech. properties, electroactive in physiol. conditions, and suitable for pro-liferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells. This is a new approach for the fabrication of conductive engineered constructs. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3Product Details of 3395-91-3)

Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3) belongs to bromides. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.Product Details of 3395-91-3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Riente, Paola; Fianchini, Mauro; Llanes, Patricia; Pericas, Miquel A.; Noel, Timothy published their research in Nature Communications on December 31 ,2021. The article was titled 《Shedding light on the nature of the catalytically active species in photocatalytic reactions using Bi2O3 semiconductor》.HPLC of Formula: 401-55-8 The article contains the following contents:

The importance of discovering the true catalytically active species involved in photocatalytic systems allows for a better and more general understanding of photocatalytic processes, which eventually may help to improve their efficiency. Bi2O3 has been used as a heterogeneous photocatalyst and is able to catalyze several synthetically important visible-light-driven organic transformations. However, insight into the operative catalyst involved in the photocatalytic process is hitherto missing. Herein, we show through a combination of theor. and exptl. studies that the perceived heterogeneous photocatalysis with Bi2O3 in the presence of alkyl bromides involves a homogeneous BinBrm species, which is the true photocatalyst operative in the reaction. Hence, Bi2O3 can be regarded as a precatalyst which is slowly converted in an active homogeneous photocatalyst. This work can also be of importance to mechanistic studies involving other semiconductor-based photocatalytic processes. In addition to this study using Ethylbromofluoroacetate, there are many other studies that have used Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8HPLC of Formula: 401-55-8) was used in this study.

Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8) is a member of organofluorine compounds. Organofluorine compounds, which have carbon-fluorine bonds, show unique features such as high thermal and chemical stability, high surface activity, no light-absorbing ability, high pharmacological effect, and so on. Owing to their specific characters, they are indispensable chemicals for industry and our daily lives.HPLC of Formula: 401-55-8

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Visible-Light-Mediated [2+2+1] Carbocyclization Reactions of 1,7-Enynes with Bromofluoroacetate to Form Fused Monofluorinated Cyclopenta[c]quinolin-4-ones》 was written by Qu, Yi; Xu, Wentao; Zhang, Jingjing; Liu, Yuxiu; Li, Yongqiang; Song, Hongjian; Wang, Qingmin. Application In Synthesis of Ethylbromofluoroacetate And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry on April 17 ,2020. The article conveys some information:

Herein, we describe a new protocol for photoinduced radical [2+2+1] carbocyclization reactions of 1,7-enynes with bromofluoroacetate. These reactions, which proceed via a cascade involving fluoroalkylation, 6-exo-dig and 5-endo-trig cyclizations, H-transfer step, and oxidative dehydrogenation, provide an efficient and general route to a variety of fused monofluorinated cyclopenta[c]quinolin-4-one derivatives In addition to this study using Ethylbromofluoroacetate, there are many other studies that have used Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8Application In Synthesis of Ethylbromofluoroacetate) was used in this study.

Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8) is a member of organofluorine compounds. Organofluorine compounds, which have carbon-fluorine bonds, show unique features such as high thermal and chemical stability, high surface activity, no light-absorbing ability, high pharmacological effect, and so on. Owing to their specific characters, they are indispensable chemicals for industry and our daily lives.Application In Synthesis of Ethylbromofluoroacetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of terminal vinyl triflones with SO2CF3 as a removable activating group》 was written by Tian, Ping-ping; Xiao, Hong-qing; Wang, Lu; Yu, Yingxin; Huang, Yangen. Quality Control of Ethylbromofluoroacetate And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters on April 11 ,2019. The article conveys some information:

Terminal vinyl triflones served as excellent Michael addition acceptors which readily reacted with difluoromethylene phosphabetaine and di- or mono-fluoroalkyl bromides to afford compounds containing CF2 or CF groups. This fluoroalkylation was characterized by mild reaction conditions, ready availability of reagents and excellent functional-group tolerance.Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8Quality Control of Ethylbromofluoroacetate) was used in this study.

Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8) is a member of organofluorine compounds. Organofluorine compounds, which have carbon-fluorine bonds, show unique features such as high thermal and chemical stability, high surface activity, no light-absorbing ability, high pharmacological effect, and so on. Owing to their specific characters, they are indispensable chemicals for industry and our daily lives.Quality Control of Ethylbromofluoroacetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Discovery of triazole-based uracil derivatives bearing amide moieties as novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors》 was written by Deng, Xiaoyan; Han, Li; Zhou, Jinpei; Zhang, Huibin; Li, Qing. SDS of cas: 3395-91-3This research focused ontriazole amide uracil preparation dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor antidiabetic; Amide; DPP-4 inhibitor; T2DM; Triazole; Uracil derivatives. The article conveys some information:

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) is a validated target for T2DM treatment. The authors previously reported a novel series of triazole-based uracil derivatives bearing aliphatic carboxylic acids with potent DPP-4 inhibitory activities in vitro, but these compounds showed poor hypoglycemic effects in vivo. Herein the authors further optimized the triazole moiety by amidation of the carboxylic acid to improve in vivo activities. Two series of compounds 3a-f and 4a-g were designed and synthesized. By screening in DPP-4, compound 4c ((R)-2-(4-((4-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-3-(but-2-yn-1-yl)-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide hydrochloride) was identified as a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 28.62 nM. Docking study revealed compound 4c has a favorable binding mode and interpreted the SAR of these analogs. DPP-8 and DPP-9 tests indicated compound 4c had excellent selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. Further in vivo evaluations revealed that compound 4c showed more potent hypoglycemic activity than its corresponding carboxylic acid in ICR mice and dose-dependently reduced glucose levels in type 2 diabetic C57BL/6 mice. The overall results have shown that compound 4c could be a promising lead for further development of novel DPP-4 agents treating T2DM. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3SDS of cas: 3395-91-3)

Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3) belongs to bromides. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.SDS of cas: 3395-91-3

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Petruncio, Greg; Elahi-Mohassel, Synah; Girgis, Michael; Paige, Mikell published their research in Tetrahedron Letters in 2021. The article was titled 《Copper-catalyzed sp3-sp3 cross-coupling of turbo grignards with benzyl halides》.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate The article contains the following contents:

The aromatic ring in benzyl halides and sulfonates imparts unique reactivity at the benzylic carbon atom. Photoredox sp3-sp3 cross-coupling proved ineffective for coupling p-methoxybenzyl chloride (PMBCl), leading to a new strategy for the sp3-sp3 cross-coupling of benzyl halides and sulfonates. This strategy involved LiCl-accelerated synthesis of a Grignard reagent followed by a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling. The conditions worked well for PMBCl due to its exceptional reactivity but other benzyl bromides or sulfonates reacted poorly. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Zhan, Yi-Zhou; Xiao, Nan; Shu, Wei published their research in Nature Communications in 2021. The article was titled 《Ni-catalyzed regio- and stereo-defined intermolecular cross-electrophile dialkylation of alkynes without directing group》.Synthetic Route of C4H7Br The article contains the following contents:

The nickel-catalyzed intermol. cross-dialkylation of alkynes devoid of directing or activating groups afforded multiple aliphatic substituted alkenes in a syn-selective fashion at room temp was reported. The combination of two-electron oxidative cyclometallation and single-electron cross-electrophile coupling of nickel enabled the syn-cross-dialkylation of alkynes at room temperature This reductive protocol enabled the sequential installation of two different alkyl substituents onto alkynes in a regio- and stereo-selective manner, circumvented the tedious preformation of sensitive organometallic reagents. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by efficient synthesis of multi-substituted unfunctionalized alkenes and diverse transformations of the product. In addition to this study using (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane, there are many other studies that have used (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5Synthetic Route of C4H7Br) was used in this study.

(Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5) is used as a synthetic building block for the introduction of the cyclopropylmethyl group. It was also used in the synthesis of 1,4-dienes via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with alkenyl Grignard reagents.Synthetic Route of C4H7Br

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《Efficient synthesis of alkylboronic esters via magnetically recoverable copper nanoparticle-catalyzed borylation of alkyl chlorides and bromides》 was written by Shegavi, Mahadev L.; Agarwal, Abhishek; Bose, Shubhankar Kumar. SDS of cas: 7051-34-5 And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2020. The article conveys some information:

We report a magnetically separable Cu nanocatalyst (Fe-DOPA-Cu) for the borylation of alkyl halides with alkoxy diboron reagents, providing alkylboronic esters in high yields, with broad functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. The procedure is also applicable to the borylation of benzyl chlorides and bromides. Radical clock experiments support a radical-mediated process. Easy recycling of the catalyst resulted in no significant loss of activity up to ten runs. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5SDS of cas: 7051-34-5)

(Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5) is used as a synthetic building block for the introduction of the cyclopropylmethyl group. It was also used in the synthesis of 1,4-dienes via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with alkenyl Grignard reagents.SDS of cas: 7051-34-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary