Tag: 100-200

Reference of o-BromobenzaldehydeIn 2019 ,《Nano-Zn[2-boromophenylsalicylaldiminemethylpyranopyrazole]Cl2 as a novel nanostructured Schiff base complex and catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione derivatives》 appeared in Applied Organometallic Chemistry. The author of the article were Moosavi-Zare, A. R.; Goudarziafshar, H.; Jalilian, Z.. The article conveys some information:

Nano-Zn[2-bromophenylsalicylaldiminemethylpyranopyrazole]Cl2 (nano-[Zn-2BSMP]Cl2) as a novel nanostructured Schiff base complex was prepared and characterized using several techniques. Nano-[Zn-2BSMP]Cl2 was used as an effective catalyst for the preparation of some pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione derivatives by the multicomponent reaction of malononitrile, aryl aldehydes and barbituric acid derivatives The novelty and efficiency of nano-[Zn-2BSMP]Cl2 as a catalyst, in comparison with some other reported catalysts, for this synthetic transformation are the main features of this work. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of o-Bromobenzaldehyde(cas: 6630-33-7Reference of o-Bromobenzaldehyde)

o-Bromobenzaldehyde(cas: 6630-33-7) is used in L-threonine aldolase-catalyzed enantio/diastereoselective aldol reactions.Reference of o-BromobenzaldehydeIt is also used in L-threonine aldolase-catalyzed enantio and diastereoselective aldol reactions. Further, it reacts with trichloromethane to prepare 1-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2,2,2-trichloro-ethanol.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2022,Yang, Ruige; Fu, Yingying; Chu, Junyan; Hu, Feixia; Zheng, Shudan; Wang, Lei; Liu, Mengqi; Liu, Jifeng published an article in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. The title of the article was 《Semisynthesis and neurotrophic activity studies of novel neomajucin/majucin derivatives as neurotrophin small molecule mimetics》.Electric Literature of C4H7BrO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Majucin-type Illicium sesquiterpenes with potent neurotrophic activity are considered to be promising candidates for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disease. Owing to the low-abundance metabolites in Illicium genus, there are few studies on their structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacophoric motif. Herein, structural modifications were conducted on the hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-6 positions of two majucin-type compounds neomajucin (1, I) and majucin (2, II), and 39 neomajucin/majucin based esters were synthesized and evaluated for their neurite outgrowth-promoting activities. Many of the target derivatives displayed more potent neurite outgrowth-promoting activity than their precursors. Some interesting structure-activity relationships (SARs) were also observed Moreover, compound 1a (III) showed good neuroprotective effect on MPP+-induced PC12 cell damage. Finally, compounds 1a and 3a (IV) exhibited relatively no cytotoxicity to normal human H9C2 cardiac cells. This work will shed light on the development of neomajucin/majucin derivatives as potential neurotrophic agents. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2Electric Literature of C4H7BrO2)

4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2) belongs to carboxylic acids. The chief chemical characteristic of the carboxylic acids is their acidity. They are generally more acidic than other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups but are generally weaker than the familiar mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, etc.).Electric Literature of C4H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2022,Long, Keith; Vaughn, Zoe; McDaniels, Michael David; Joyasawal, Sipak; Przepiorski, Aneta; Parasky, Emily; Sander, Veronika; Close, David; Johnston, Paul A.; Davidson, Alan J.; de Caestecker, Mark; Hukriede, Neil A.; Huryn, Donna M. published an article in ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. The title of the article was 《Validation of HDAC8 Inhibitors as Drug Discovery Starting Points to Treat Acute Kidney Injury》.Name: Methyl 3-bromopropanoate The author mentioned the following in the article:

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a sudden loss of kidney function, is a common and serious condition for which there are no approved specific therapies. While there are multiple approaches to treat the underlying causes of AKI, no targets have been clin. validated. Here, we assessed a series of potent, selective competitive inhibitors of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a promising therapeutic target in an AKI setting. Using biochem. assays, zebrafish AKI phenotypic assays, and human kidney organoid assays, we show that selective HDAC8 inhibitors can lead to efficacy in increasingly stringent models. One of these, PCI-34051, was efficacious in a rodent model of AKI, further supporting the potential for HDAC8 inhibitors and, in particular, this scaffold as a therapeutic approach to AKI. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3Name: Methyl 3-bromopropanoate)

Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3) belongs to bromides. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.Name: Methyl 3-bromopropanoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Hybrid molecules of scutellarein and tertramethylpyrazine’s active metabolites for ischemic stroke》 were Dong, Yongxi; Zhang, Xiaohe; Liu, Mingji; Yang, Yang; Guo, Ting; Mao, Yuanhu; Zhang, Jiquan; Fu, Xiaozhong; Zhao, Yonglong; Chen, Jinglei; Dong, Li; Qiao, Chunhua. And the article was published in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019. Quality Control of 4-Bromobutanoic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:

A series of hybrid mols. of scutellarein and tertramethylpyrazine’s active metabolites have been synthesized. Compared to the original compound, these prepared compounds exhibited higher water solubility, more appropriate logP and better stability. Importantly, compounds I [R = Me, iBu, sec-Bu] showed improved neuroprotective activity against the H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 cells, and better antithrombosis activity. The optimized compound I [R = Me] was further evaluated by cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, the results showed that the compound could significantly reduce the infarct area and decrease the neuronal cell damage in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Overall, we demonstrated that the twin drug strategy could be applied in the development of agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2Quality Control of 4-Bromobutanoic acid)

4-Bromobutanoic acid(cas: 2623-87-2) belongs to carboxylic acids. The chief chemical characteristic of the carboxylic acids is their acidity. They are generally more acidic than other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups but are generally weaker than the familiar mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, etc.).Quality Control of 4-Bromobutanoic acid

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

The author of 《Mechanistic Dichotomy of Magnesium- and Zinc-Based Germanium Nucleophiles in the C(sp3)-Ge Cross-Coupling with Alkyl Electrophiles》 were Xue, Weichao; Mao, Wenbin; Zhang, Liangliang; Oestreich, Martin. And the article was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019. Application of 7051-34-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Robust procedures for two mechanistically distinct C(sp3)-Ge bond formations from alkyl electrophiles and germanium nucleophiles are reported. The germanium reagents were made available as bench-stable solutions by lithium-to-magnesium and lithium-to-zinc transmetalation, resp. The germanium Grignard reagent reacts with various primary and secondary alkyl electrophiles by an ionic nucleophilic displacement. Conversely, the coupling of the corresponding zinc reagent requires a nickel catalyst, which then engages in radical bond formations with primary, secondary, and even tertiary alkyl bromides. Both methods avoid the regioselectivity issue of alkene hydrogermylation and enable the synthesis of a wide range of functionalized alkyl-substituted germanes. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as (Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5Application of 7051-34-5)

(Bromomethyl)cyclopropane(cas: 7051-34-5) is used as a synthetic building block for the introduction of the cyclopropylmethyl group. It was also used in the synthesis of 1,4-dienes via iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with alkenyl Grignard reagents.Application of 7051-34-5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2017,Samvelyan, M. A.; Ghochikyan, T. V.; Grigoryan, S. V.; Tamazyan, R. A.; Aivazyan, A. G. published 《Alkylation of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols with haloalkanoic acid esters》.Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry published the findings.Formula: C4H7BrO2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Alkylation of 4,5-disubstituted 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols I [R = C6H5, (CH2)2OH, pyridin-3-yl, etc; R1 = C6H5, CH2=CHCH2] with Me chloroformate and Et chloroacetate chemoselectively afforded the corresponding S-alkyl derivatives, II (n = 0, 1; X = Et, Me), whereas the alkylation of 5-benzyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with methyl-3-bromopropanoate gave an inseparable mixture of Me 3-[(5-benzyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]propanoate and Me 3-(3-benzyl-4-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate products. Hydrazinolysis of S-(5-benzyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) Me carbonothioate involved anomalous cleavage with formation of the initial 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole I (R = benzyl; R1 = phenyl) and Me hydrazinecarboxylate. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3Formula: C4H7BrO2)

Methyl 3-bromopropanoate(cas: 3395-91-3) belongs to bromides. Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents.Formula: C4H7BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2021,Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin included an article by Yoshioka, Hiroki; Tominaga, Sarah; Nishikawa, Mai; Shinohara, Yasuro; Nakao, Makoto; Yoshikawa, Masae; Maeda, Tohru; Miura, Nobuhiko. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks. The article was titled 《Different renal chronotoxicity of bromobenzene and its intermediate metabolites in mice》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Bromobenzene (BB) is known to pose a serious threat to human health. We previously demonstrated that BB showed chronotoxicity, i.e., daily fluctuations in the severity of hepatotoxicity induced in mice. Although BB showed mild nephrotoxicity, a daily fluctuation was not observed in this toxicity. This might be attributed to the fact that BB-induced chronotoxicity is observed only in the liver and not in the kidneys and that the damage caused by BB is prominent in the liver, masking the daily fluctuation in nephrotoxicity. To confirm these two possibilities, we examined the daily fluctuations in nephrotoxicity due to BB intermediate metabolites that target the kidneys: 3-bromophenol, bromohydroquinone, and 4-bromocatechol. Mice were injected with 3-bromophenol, bromohydroquinone, or 4-bromocatechol i.p. at six different time points in a day (zeitgeber time (ZT): ZT2, ZT6, ZT10, ZT14, ZT18, or ZT22). Mortality was monitored for 7 d post-injection. Mice were more sensitive to the acute toxicity of these metabolites around at ZT14 (dark-phase) exposure than around at ZT2 (light-phase) exposure. Furthermore, mice administered with a non-LD of 4-bromocatechol showed significant increases in the levels of plasma blood urea nitrogen and renal malondialdehyde at ZT14 exposure. Moreover, glutathione peroxidase-4, a ferroptosis indicator, was attenuated at ZT14 exposure. These results indicate the toxicity of BB metabolites was higher during the dark-phase exposure, and demonstrate the reason why the diurnal variation of nephrotoxicity by BB was not observed in our previous report is that renal damage was masked due to severe hepatic damage. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Bromobenzene-1,4-diol(cas: 583-69-7Category: bromides-buliding-blocks)

2-Bromobenzene-1,4-diol(cas: 583-69-7) belongs to organobromine compounds.Organobromine chemicals are produced naturally by an array of biological and other chemical processes in our environment. Some of these compounds are identical to man-made organobromine compounds, such as methyl bromide, bromoform, and bromophenols, but many others are entirely new moleclar entities, often possessing extraordinary and important biological properties. Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

《An Olefinic 1,2-Boryl-Migration Enabled by Radical Addition: Construction of gem-Bis(boryl)alkanes》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019. These research results belong to Zhao, Binlin; Li, Zexian; Wu, Yixiao; Wang, Yandong; Qian, Jiasheng; Yuan, Yu; Shi, Zhuangzhi. Product Details of 401-55-8 The article mentions the following:

A series of in situ formed alkenyl diboronate complexes from alkenyl Grignard reagents (com. available or prepared from alkenyl bromides and Mg) with B2Pin2 (bis(pinacolato)diboron) react with diverse alkyl halides by a Ru photocatalyst to give various gem-bis(boryl)alkanes. Alkyl radicals add efficiently to the alkenyl diboronate complexes, and the adduct radical anions undergo radical-polar crossover, specifically, a 1,2-boryl-anion shift from boron to the α-carbon sp2 center. This transformation shows good functional-group compatibility and can serve as a powerful synthetic tool for late-stage functionalization in complex compounds Measurements of the quantum yield reveal that a radical-chain mechanism is operative in which the alkenyl diboronates acts as reductive quencher for the excited state of the photocatalyst. The experimental process involved the reaction of Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8Product Details of 401-55-8)

Ethylbromofluoroacetate(cas: 401-55-8) is a member of organofluorine compounds. Organofluorine compounds, which have carbon-fluorine bonds, show unique features such as high thermal and chemical stability, high surface activity, no light-absorbing ability, high pharmacological effect, and so on. Owing to their specific characters, they are indispensable chemicals for industry and our daily lives.Product Details of 401-55-8

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

COA of Formula: C6H11BrO2In 2019 ,《Formulation optimization of an ephrin A2 targeted immunoliposome encapsulating reversibly modified taxane prodrugs》 was published in Journal of Controlled Release. The article was written by Huang, Zhaohua Richard; Tipparaju, Suresh Kumar; Kirpotin, Dmitri B.; Pien, Christine; Kornaga, Tad; Noble, Charles O.; Koshkaryev, Alexander; Tran, Jimmy; Kamoun, Walid S.; Drummond, Daryl C.. The article contains the following contents:

Ephrin A2 targeted immunoliposomes incorporating pH-sensitive taxane prodrugs were developed for sustained delivery of active drug to solid tumors. Here we describe the systematic formulation development and characterization of these immunoliposomes. We synthesized both paclitaxel and docetaxel prodrugs to formulate as ephrin A2-targeted liposomes stabilized in the aqueous core with sucroseoctasulfate (SOS). The optimized lipid formulation was comprised of egg-sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol distearoyl glycerol (PEG-DSG). The formulations examined had a high efficiency of prodrug encapsulation (as high as 114 mol% taxane per mol phospholipid) and subsequent stability (>3 years at 2-8°C). The taxane prodrug was stabilized with extraliposomal citric acid and subsequently loaded into liposomes containing a gradient of SOS, resulting in highly stable SOS-drug complexes being formed inside the liposome. The internal prodrug and SOS concentrations were optimized for their impact on in vivo drug release and drug degradation Cryo-electron microscope images revealed dense prodrug-SOS complex in the aqueous core of the immunoliposomes. Ephrin A2-targeted taxane liposomes exhibited sub-nanomolar (0.69 nM) apparent equilibrium dissociation constant toward the extracellular domain of the ephrin A2 receptor, long circulation half-life (8-12 h) in mouse plasma, a release rate dependent on intraliposomal drug concentration and stable long-term storage. At an equitoxic dose of 50 mg taxane/kg, ephrin A2-targeted liposomal prodrug showed greater antitumor activity than 10 mg/kg of docetaxel in A549 non-small cell lung, as well as MDA-MB-436 and SUM149 triple neg. breast cancer xenograft models. The lead mol. entered a Phase I clin. trial in patients with solid tumors (NCT03076372). In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5COA of Formula: C6H11BrO2)

Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate(cas: 2969-81-5) belongs to bromides. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.COA of Formula: C6H11BrO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Song, Geyang; Yang, Liu; Li, Jing-Sheng; Tang, Wei-Jun; Zhang, Wei; Cao, Rui; Wang, Chao; Xiao, Jianliang; Xue, Dong published their research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021. The article was titled 《Chiral Arylated Amines via C-N Coupling of Chiral Amines with Aryl Bromides Promoted by Light》.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks The article contains the following contents:

A method based on mol. Ni catalysis driven by light, which enabled stereoretentive C-N coupling of optically active amines, amino alcs. and amino acid esters with aryl bromides, with no need for any external photosensitizer was reported. The method was effective for a wide variety of coupling partners, including those bearing functional groups sensitive to bases and nucleophiles, thus providing a viable alternative to accessing synthetically important chiral N-aryl amines, amino alcs. and amino acids esters. Its viability was demonstrated by 92 examples with up to 99% ee. In addition to this study using 1-Bromo-2-isopropylbenzene, there are many other studies that have used 1-Bromo-2-isopropylbenzene(cas: 7073-94-1Category: bromides-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.

1-Bromo-2-isopropylbenzene(cas: 7073-94-1) belongs to organobromine compounds.The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. Dehydrobromination, Grignard reactions, reductive coupling, Wittig reaction, and several nucleophilic substitution reactions are some of the principal reactions which involve organic bromides.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary