Tag: 200-300

In 2022,Jung, Garyn L.; McDaniel, Katherine L.; LoPachin, Richard M.; Geohagen, Brian C.; Smith, Alicia; Huffstickler, Mitchell; Herr, David W. published an article in NeuroToxicology. The title of the article was 《In vivo neurophysiological assessment of in silico predictions of neurotoxicity: Citronellal, 3,4-dichloro-1-butene, and benzyl bromoacetate》.Application In Synthesis of Benzyl 2-bromoacetate The author mentioned the following in the article:

Neurotoxicants may be widespread in the environment and can produce serious health impacts in the human population. Screening programs that use in vitro methods have generated data for thousands of chems. However, these methods often do not evaluate repeated or prolonged exposures, which are required for many neurotoxic outcomes. Addnl., the data produced by such screening methods may not include mechanisms which play critical biol. roles necessary for in vivo neurotoxicity. The Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) in silico model focuses on chem. structure and electrophilic properties which are important to the formation of protein adducts. A group of structurally diverse chems. have been evaluated with an in silico screening approach incorporating HSAB parameters. However, the predictions from the expanded chem. space have not been evaluated using in vivo methods. Three chems. predicted to be cumulative toxicants were selected for in vivo neurotoxicol. testing. Adult male Long-Evans rats were treated orally with citronellal (CIT), 3,4-dichloro-1-butene (DCB), or benzyl bromoacetate (BBA) for 8 wk. Behavioral observations were recorded weekly to assess motor function. Peripheral neurophysiol. measurements were derived from nerve excitability (NE) tests which involved compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) in the tail and foot, and mixed nerve action potentials (MNAPs) in the tail. Compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in the tail were also quantified. Peripheral inputs into the central nervous system were examined using somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the cortex (SEPCTX) and cerebellum (SEPCEREB). CIT or BBA did not result in significant alterations to peripheral nerve or somatosensory function. DCB reduced grip-strength and altered peripheral nerve function. The MNAPs required less current to reach 50% amplitude and had a lower calculated rheobase, suggesting increased excitability. Increased CNAP amplitudes and greater NCV were also observed Novel changes were found in the SEPCTX with an abnormal peak forming in the early portion of the waveforms of treated rats, and decreased latencies and increased amplitudes were observed in SEPCEREB recordings. These data contribute to testing an expanded chem. space from an in silico HSAB model for predicting cumulative neurotoxicity and may assist with prioritizing chems. to protect human health. In the experiment, the researchers used Benzyl 2-bromoacetate(cas: 5437-45-6Application In Synthesis of Benzyl 2-bromoacetate)

Benzyl 2-bromoacetate(cas: 5437-45-6) belongs to benzyl acetate. Benzyl acetate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a moderate sweet-jasmine fragrance. This compound appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.Application In Synthesis of Benzyl 2-bromoacetate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Yuan, Yuehua; Zhou, Wenfa; Tian, Maozhong; Song, Jiangtao; Bai, Yunfeng; Feng, Feng; Song, Yinglin published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Synthesis, characterization and third-order nonlinear optical behaviour of three novel ethyne-linked donor/acceptor chromophores》, and you may find the article in Dyes and Pigments.Name: 2,5-Dibromothiophene The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Three novel ethyne-linked donor/acceptor chromophores, BAB, BAS and SAS were synthesized. The results of BAB in femtosecond and nanosecond Z-scan at 532 nm reveal that the transition from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA), while that of BAS and SAS display RSA. The femtosecond Z-scan results for all compounds at 600 nm-800 nm indicate the obvious RSA, which can be mainly attributed to the two-photon absorption (TPA). The TA results demonstrate that all compounds display strong excited-state absorption and long lifetime, and the evolution of TA spectra for these compounds reveals the relaxation process from the local excited-state (LE) to charge transfer state (CTS). With different conjugation extent and intramol. charge transfer (ICT), the nonlinear response and excited-state dynamics of these chromophores could be dramatically modulated. The threshold of BAS/DCM solution excited at 532 nm with nanosecond pulse was 0.631 J/cm2. These compounds may be the potential candidates for future application in optical limiting. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,5-Dibromothiophene(cas: 3141-27-3Name: 2,5-Dibromothiophene)

2,5-Dibromothiophene(cas: 3141-27-3) , is mainly used as pharmaceutical intermediate and synthesis intermediate. 2,5-Dibromothiophene may be used as starting reagent for the synthesis of α,α′-didecylquater-, -quinque- and -sexi-thiophenes.Name: 2,5-Dibromothiophene

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Tsushima, Takumi; Tanaka, Hideya; Nakanishi, Kazuki; Nakamoto, Masaaki; Yoshida, Hiroto published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Origins of Internal Regioselectivity in Copper-Catalyzed Borylation of Terminal Alkynes》, and you may find the article in ACS Catalysis.Safety of 1-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Installation of a boron functionality into a more substituted carbon of terminal alkynes has been a challenging issue in chem. synthesis, since inherently Lewis acidic boron moieties, in principle, favor their attachment to a terminal carbon. Herein, we report on the highly internal-selective borylation of terminal alkynes under copper catalysis, wherein diminishment of boron-Lewis acidity and ligand-derived steric bulk around a copper center are the key to the success. In particular, the use of an anthranilamide-substituted boron moiety [B(aam)] is of high synthetic significance, because its properly diminished Lewis acidity enabled the internal regioselectivity and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling activity to be compatibly achieved. This method provided a direct and universal approach to variously substituted branched alkenylboron compounds, regardless of electronic and steric properties of a substituent on terminal alkynes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene(cas: 2675-79-8Safety of 1-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene)

1-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene(cas: 2675-79-8) is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff.Safety of 1-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene1-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene can be used to synthesize N,N′-diarylated indolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives, which can find applications in electrophotography.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Yu, Zhen-Qiang; Li, Xiaodong; Wan, Wei; Li, Xin-Shun; Fu, Kuo; Wu, Yue; Li, Alexander D. Q. published their research in Chemical Science in 2021. The article was titled 《Cooperatively assembled liquid crystals enable temperature-controlled Forster resonance energy transfer》.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks The article contains the following contents:

Balancing the rigidity of a π-conjugated structure for strong emission and the flexibility of liquid crystals for self-assembly is the key to realizing highly emissive liquid crystals (HELCs). Here we show that (1) integrating organization-induced emission into dual mol. cooperatively-assembled liquid crystals, (2) amplifying mesogens, and (3) elongating the spacer linking the emitter and the mesogen create advanced materials with desired thermal-optical properties. Impressively, assembling the fluorescent acceptor Nile red into its host donor designed according to the aforementioned strategies results in a temperature-controlled Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system. Indeed, FRET exhibits strong S-curve dependence as temperature sweeps through the liquid crystal phase transformation. Such thermochromic materials, suitable for dynamic thermo-optical sensing and modulation, are anticipated to unlock new and smart approaches for controlling and directing light in stimuli-responsive devices. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8Category: bromides-buliding-blocks)

1,6-Dibromohexane(cas: 629-03-8) is generally used to introduce C6 spacer in the molecular architecture. Some of the examples are: synthesis of pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene molecular bridge (6PTTF6) to study redox switching behavior of single molecules; synthesis of water-soluble thermoresponsive polylactides.Category: bromides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Sarkar, Koushik; Das, Kuhali; Kundu, Abhishek; Adhikari, Debashis; Maji, Biplab published their research in ACS Catalysis in 2021. The article was titled 《Phosphine-Free Manganese Catalyst Enables Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary and Secondary Amines Using Ammonia-Borane》.Formula: C5BrMnO5 The article contains the following contents:

The synthesis of primary amines RCH2NH2HCl [R = Ph, 2-phenylethyl, (1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl, etc.], 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(ethan-1-aminium) chloride, hexane-1,6-diaminium chloride sym. and unsym. secondary amines RCH2NHCH2R and RCH2NHR1 (R1 = pyridin-2-ylmethyl, cyclohexyl, n-Bu, etc.) by hydrogenation of nitriles RCN, 1,4-benzenediacetonitrile and hexanedinitrile, employing a borrowing hydrogenation strategy was reported. A class of phosphine-free manganese (I) complexes I [R2 = thiophen-2-yl, [2-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]methyl, (2-methoxyphenyl)methyl, furan-2-yl] bearing sulfur side arms catalyzed the reaction under mild reaction conditions, where ammonia-borane is used as the source of hydrogen. The synthetic protocol is chemodivergent, as the final product is either primary or secondary amine, which can be controlled by changing the catalyst structure and the polarity of the reaction medium. The significant advantage of this method is that the protocol operates without externally added base or other additives as well as obviates the use of high-pressure dihydrogen gas required for other nitrile hydrogenation reactions. Utilizing this method, a wide variety of primary and sym. and asym. secondary amines were synthesized in high yields. A mechanistic study involving kinetic experiments and high-level DFT computations revealed that both outer-sphere dehydrogenation and inner-sphere hydrogenation were predominantly operative in the catalytic cycle. The experimental process involved the reaction of Bromopentacarbonylmanganese(I)(cas: 14516-54-2Formula: C5BrMnO5)

Bromopentacarbonylmanganese(I)(cas: 14516-54-2) has many other uses. It is used in the formation of (eta6-arene)tricarbonylmanganese(I) by reacting with arene (arene= hexamethyl benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl benzene, mesitylene, p-xylene and toluene) in the presence silver salt.Formula: C5BrMnO5

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2018,Novikova, Daria S.; Grigoreva, Tatyana A.; Zolotarev, Andrey A.; Garabadzhiu, Alexander V.; Tribulovich, Vyacheslav G. published 《Advanced palladium free approach to the synthesis of substituted alkene oxindoles via aluminum-promoted Knoevenagel reaction》.RSC Advances published the findings.Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A synthetic route for the synthesis of (E)-3-((3-((4-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methylene)-2-oxoindolin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid (I), as well as for the design of focused libraries of direct AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators was developed based on a convergent strategy. The proposed scheme corresponded to the current trends in C-H bond functionalization. The use of aluminum isopropoxide as catalyst for synthesis of substituted indolinones II [R1 = H, 4-Cl, 4-OMe, etc.; R2 = H, Me, Ph, etc.; stereo = E, Z] via Knoevenagel condensation of oxindole with benzophenones was a noticeable point of this work.Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate) was used in this study.

Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate(cas: 1129-28-8) belongs to organobromine compounds.Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms , and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial , antitumor , antiviral , and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

In 2018,Hu, Xiao-Qiang; Hu, Zhiyong; Zhang, Guodong; Sivendran, Nardana; Goossen, Lukas J. published 《Catalytic C-N and C-H Bond Activation: ortho-Allylation of Benzoic Acids with Allyl Amines》.Organic Letters published the findings.Recommanded Product: 76006-33-2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A facile insertion of ruthenium into aromatic C-H and allylic C-N bonds are the key steps in a [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2-catalyzed ortho-C-H allylation of benzoic acids. This protocol allows drawing on the large pool of allylic amines for state-of-the-art ortho-functionalizations of arenes I (R = 2-Et, 2-F, 3-Me, etc.), turning neutral amines into leaving groups. Concise syntheses of biol. active compounds provide further evidence of the synthetic potential of this methodol. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzoic acid(cas: 76006-33-2Recommanded Product: 76006-33-2)

3-Bromo-2-methylbenzoic acid(cas: 76006-33-2) belongs to organobromine compounds.Organobromine chemicals are produced naturally by an array of biological and other chemical processes in our environment. Recommanded Product: 76006-33-2Some of these compounds are identical to man-made organobromine compounds, such as methyl bromide, bromoform, and bromophenols, but many others are entirely new moleclar entities, often possessing extraordinary and important biological properties.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Brem, Jurgen; Panduwawala, Tharindi; Hansen, Jon Ulf; Hewitt, Joanne; Liepins, Edgars; Donets, Pawel; Espina, Laura; Farley, Alistair J. M.; Shubin, Kirill; Campillos, Gonzalo Gomez; Kiuru, Paula; Shishodia, Shifali; Krahn, Daniel; Lesniak, Robert K.; Schmidt, Juliane; Calvopina, Karina; Turrientes, Maria-Carmen; Kavanagh, Madeline E.; Lubriks, Dmitrijs; Hinchliffe, Philip; Langley, Gareth W.; Aboklaish, Ali F.; Eneroth, Anders; Backlund, Maria; Baran, Andrei G.; Nielsen, Elisabet I.; Speake, Michael; Kuka, Janis; Robinson, John; Grinberga, Solveiga; Robinson, Lindsay; McDonough, Michael A.; Rydzik, Anna M.; Leissing, Thomas M.; Jimenez-Castellanos, Juan Carlos; Avison, Matthew B.; Da Silva Pinto, Solange; Pannifer, Andrew D.; Martjuga, Marina; Widlake, Emma; Priede, Martins; Hopkins Navratilova, Iva; Gniadkowski, Marek; Belfrage, Anna Karin; Brandt, Peter; Yli-Kauhaluoma, Jari; Bacque, Eric; Page, Malcolm G. P.; Bjorkling, Fredrik; Tyrrell, Jonathan M.; Spencer, James; Lang, Pauline A.; Baranczewski, Pawel; Canton, Rafael; McElroy, Stuart P.; Jones, Philip S.; Baquero, Fernando; Suna, Edgars; Morrison, Angus; Walsh, Timothy R.; Schofield, Christopher J. published an article on January 31 ,2022. The article was titled 《Imitation of β-lactam binding enables broad-spectrum metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors》, and you may find the article in Nature Chemistry.Formula: C7H5Br2F The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Carbapenems are vital antibiotics, but their efficacy is increasingly compromised by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Here we report the discovery and optimization of potent broad-spectrum MBL inhibitors. A high-throughput screen for NDM-1 inhibitors identified indole-2-carboxylates (InCs) as potential β-lactamase stable β-lactam mimics. Subsequent structure-activity relationship studies revealed InCs as a new class of potent MBL inhibitor, active against all MBL classes of major clin. relevance. Crystallog. studies revealed a binding mode of the InCs to MBLs that, in some regards, mimics that predicted for intact carbapenems, including with respect to maintenance of the Zn(II)-bound hydroxyl, and in other regards mimics binding observed in MBL-carbapenem product complexes. InCs restore carbapenem activity against multiple drug-resistant Gram-neg. bacteria and have a low frequency of resistance. InCs also have a good in vivo safety profile, and when combined with meropenem show a strong in vivo efficacy in peritonitis and thigh mouse infection models. [graphic not available: see fulltext] The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4-Bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorobenzene(cas: 76283-09-5Formula: C7H5Br2F)

4-Bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorobenzene(cas: 76283-09-5) belongs to organobromine compounds.Depending on the type of carbon to which the bromine is bonded, organic bromide could be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl. Formula: C7H5Br2F Alkyl bromides are mainly used as alkylating agents and also find application as a solvent to extract oil from seeds and wool.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Reference of potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborateOn March 5, 2010, Kim, Dong-Su; Ham, Jungyeob published an article in Organic Letters. The article was 《Preparation of Potassium Alkynylaryltrifluoroborates from Haloaryltrifluoroborates via Sonogashira Coupling Reaction》. The article mentions the following:

A novel series of alkyne-containing potassium organotrifluoroborates were prepared in good yields from the corresponding haloaryltrifluoroborates and various alkynes via Sonogashira coupling reaction. Also, the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of alkynylaryltrifluoroborates with aryl and alkenyl bromides was achieved in the presence of 5 mol % of Pd(TPP)4 and 3.0 equiv of Cs2CO3 in aqueous 1,4-dioxane at 150 °C by microwave irradiation The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate(cas: 374564-34-8Reference of potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate)

potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate(cas: 374564-34-8) belongs to organobromine compounds.Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms , and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial , antitumor , antiviral , and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Reference of potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Safety of potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborateOn September 14, 2020 ,《Investigation of Stepwise and Stoichiometric Palladium-Mediated ortho-C-H Bond Arylation and Alkylation of 9(10H)-Acridinone》 was published in Organometallics. The article was written by Chu, Jean-Ho; Su, Zhe-Hong; Yen, Ko-Wang; Chien, Hsuan-I.. The article contains the following contents:

Authors present a stoichiometric methodol. for the synthesis of 4-arylated/alkylated 9(10H)-acridinones via a palladium-mediated ortho-C-H bond activation and C-C bond cross-coupling strategy. In the reaction, a N-(pyridin-2-yl)-9(10H)-acridinone palladacycle was employed as the starting substrate, which could be readily prepared by the stoichiometric reaction of N-(pyridin-2-yl)-9(10H)-acridinone and palladium(II) acetate in 89% isolated yield. Meanwhile, potassium aryl/alkyltrifluoroborates and p-benzoquinone were introduced to serve as the coupling partner and reaction promoter, resp., in the presented palladium-mediated ortho-C-H bond arylation/alkylation of 9(10H)-acridinone. The reaction eventually furnished a variety of 4-arylated/alkylated 9(10H)-acridinones in 31-95% yields. The structures of N-(pyridin-2-yl)-9(10H)-acridinone palladacycle substrate and 4-phenylated/cyclopropylated 9(10H)-acridinone products were elucidated by x-ray crystallog. Kinetic isotope effect studies, as well as controlled experiments, were carried out to gain insight into the reaction mechanism. Finally, the removal of the directing group (i.e., pyridin-2-yl) was demonstrated on one of the ortho-arylated products, 4-phenyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-9(10H)-acridinone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate(cas: 374564-34-8Safety of potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate)

potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate(cas: 374564-34-8) belongs to organobromine compounds.Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms , and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial , antitumor , antiviral , and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Safety of potassium (3-bromophenyl)trifluoroborate In contrast, terrestrial plants account only for a few bromine-containing compounds.

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary