Tag: 200-300

Site-Selective, Remote sp³ C-H Carboxylation Enabled by the Merger of Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis was written by Sahoo, Basudev;Bellotti, Peter;Julia-Hernandez, Francisco;Meng, Qing-Yuan;Crespi, Stefano;Koenig, Burkhard;Martin, Ruben. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H11BrO This article mentions the following:

In the presence of (bipyridine)nickel(II) bromides and the photoredox catalyst CzIPN, arylalkyl bromides such as PhCH₂CH₂Br underwent regioselective photochem. carboxylation with CO₂ to yield carboxylic acids such as α-methylphenylacetic acid. Alkyl halides in the presence of CzIPN and a related (bipyridine)nickel(II) bromide underwent regioselective carboxylation to give unbranched carboxylic acids; a mixture of bromoheptanes reacted to yield octanoic acid regioselectively. Exptl. and computational studies of the reaction mechanism were performed; a mechanism involving dynamic displacement of the catalyst throughout the alkyl chain is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0Synthetic Route of C9H11BrO).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Synthetic Route of C9H11BrO

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Discovery of Highly Potent Liver X Receptor β Agonists was written by Kick, Ellen K.;Busch, Brett B.;Martin, Richard;Stevens, William C.;Bollu, Venkataiah;Xie, Yinong;Boren, Brant C.;Nyman, Michael C.;Nanao, Max H.;Nguyen, Lam;Plonowski, Artur;Schulman, Ira G.;Yan, Grace;Zhang, Huiping;Hou, Xiaoping;Valente, Meriah N.;Narayanan, Rangaraj;Behnia, Kamelia;Rodrigues, A. David;Brock, Barry;Smalley, James;Cantor, Glenn H.;Lupisella, John;Sleph, Paul;Grimm, Denise;Ostrowski, Jacek;Wexler, Ruth R.;Kirchgessner, Todd;Mohan, Raju. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Synthetic Route of C9H8BrFO2 This article mentions the following:

Introducing a uniquely substituted Ph sulfone into a series of biphenyl imidazole liver X receptor (LXR) agonists afforded a dramatic potency improvement for induction of ATP binding cassette transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, in human whole blood. The agonist series demonstrated robust LXRβ activity (>70%) with low partial LXRα agonist activity (<25%) in cell assays, providing a window between desired blood cell ABCG1 gene induction in cynomolgus monkeys and modest elevation of plasma triglycerides for agonist I. The addition of polarity to the Ph sulfone also reduced binding to the plasma protein, human α-1-acid glycoprotein. Agonist I was selected for clin. development based on the favorable combination of in vitro properties, excellent pharmacokinetic parameters and a favorable lipid profile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 474709-71-2Synthetic Route of C9H8BrFO2).

Ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (cas: 474709-71-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Synthetic Route of C9H8BrFO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Understanding of Molecular Substructures that Contribute to hERG K⁺ Channel Blockade: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of E-4031 Analogues was written by Vilums, Maris;Overman, Jeroen;Klaasse, Elisabeth;Scheel, Olaf;Brussee, Johannes;Ijzerman, Adriaan P.. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2012.SDS of cas: 14425-64-0 This article mentions the following:

Cardiotoxicity is a common side effect of a large variety of drugs that is often caused by off-target human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel blockade. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of derivatives of the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031. These compounds where evaluated in a radioligand binding assay and automated patch clamp assay to establish structure-activity relationships (SAR) for their inhibition of the hERG K⁺ channel. Structural modifications of E-4031 were made by altering the peripheral aromatic moieties with a series of distinct substituents. Addnl., we synthesized several derivatives with a quaternary nitrogen and modified the center of the mol. by introduction of an addnl. nitrogen and deletion of the carbonyl oxygen. Some modifications caused a great increase in affinity for the hERG K⁺ channel, while other seemingly minor changes led to a strongly diminished affinity. Structures with quaternary amines carrying an addnl. aromatic moiety were found to be highly active in radioligand binding assay. A decrease in affinity was achieved by introducing an amide functionality in the central scaffold without directly interfering with the pK_a of the essential basic amine. The knowledge gained from this study could be used in early stages of drug discovery and drug development to avoid or circumvent hERG K⁺ channel blockade, thereby reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity, related arrhythmias and sudden death. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0SDS of cas: 14425-64-0).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.SDS of cas: 14425-64-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Synthesis and structure activity relationship of 1,3-benzo-thiazine-2-thiones as selective HDAC8 inhibitors was written by Wolff, Benjamin;Jaensch, Niklas;Sugiarto, Wisely Oki;Fruehschulz, Stefan;Lang, Maraike;Altintas, Rabia;Oehme, Ina;Meyer-Almes, Franz-Josef. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 85118-24-7 This article mentions the following:

Here, the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazine-5-thiones I [R¹ = H, Me, Br, etc.; R² = H, Br, I, etc.; R³ = H, Me, Cl, etc.; R⁴ = H, Me, Cl, F; n = 0] and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazine-6-thiones I [n = 1] was described that demonstrated great selectivity for HDAC8 and chem. stability in the presence of GSH. The compounds were characterized with respect to structure-activity relationship, binding mode and target engagement in neuroblastoma cells by combining biochem. and biophys. methods with chemoinformatics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7Recommanded Product: 85118-24-7).

2-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (cas: 85118-24-7) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. alpha-Bromoesters are employed in the Reformatsky reaction for the synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Recommanded Product: 85118-24-7

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Dual inhibition of Kif15 by oxindole and quinazolinedione chemical probes was written by Dumas, Megan E.;Chen, Geng-Yuan;Kendrick, Nicole D.;Xu, George;Larsen, Scott A.;Jana, Somnath;Waterson, Alex G.;Bauer, Joshua A.;Hancock, William;Sulikowski, Gary A.;Ohi, Ryoma. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Product Details of 108940-96-1 This article mentions the following:

The mitotic spindle is a microtubule-based machine that segregates a replicated set of chromosomes during cell division. Many cancer drugs alter or disrupt the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle. Microtubule-dependent mol. motors that function during mitosis are logical alternative mitotic targets for drug development. Eg5 (Kinesin-5) and Kif15 (Kinesin-12), in particular, are an attractive pair of motor proteins, as they work in concert to drive centrosome separation and promote spindle bipolarity. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the clin. failure of Eg5 inhibitors may be (in part) due to compensation by Kif15. In order to test this idea, we screened a small library of kinase inhibitors and identified GW108X, an oxindole that inhibits Kif15 in vitro. We show that GW108X has a distinct mechanism of action compared with a com. available Kif15 inhibitor, Kif15-IN-1 and may serve as a lead with which to further develop Kif15 inhibitors as clin. relevant agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1Product Details of 108940-96-1).

3,5-Dibromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 108940-96-1) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Product Details of 108940-96-1

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Copper-catalyzed annulation of 2-bromobenzoic esters with terminal alkynes towards 3-substituted isocoumarins was written by Sun, Mengli;Su, Lebin;Dong, Jianyu;Liu, Long;Zhou, Yongbo;Yin, Shuang-Feng. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2017.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for the synthesis of 3-substituted isocoumarins that are an important class of biol. active scaffolds via annulation of 2-bromobenzoic esters with terminal alkynes using copper catalyst was described. The advantages of this method included mild reaction conditions, high yield and regioselectivity, and wide tolerance toward functional groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate).

Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 653-92-9) belongs to organobromine compounds. Most of the natural organobromine compounds are produced by marine organisms, and several brominated metabolites with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal activity have been isolated from seaweed, sponges, corals, molluscs, and others. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Design, Synthesis, and Fungicidal Evaluation of Novel Pyrazole-furan and Pyrazole-pyrrole Carboxamide as Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors was written by Yao, Ting-Ting;Xiao, Dou-Xin;Li, Zhong-Shan;Cheng, Jing-Li;Fang, Shao-Wei;Du, Yong-Jun;Zhao, Jin-Hao;Dong, Xiao-Wu;Zhu, Guo-Nian. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2017.Synthetic Route of C7H8BrNO2 This article mentions the following:

The identification of novel succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors represents one of the most attractive directions in the field of fungicide research and development. During our continuous efforts to pursue inhibitors belonging to this class, some structurally novel pyrazole-furan carboxamide and pyrazole-pyrrole carboxamide derivatives have been discovered via the introduction of scaffold hopping and bioisosterism to compound (I), a remarkably potent lead obtained by pharmacophore-based virtual screening. As a result of the evaluation against three destructive fungi, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pyricularia grisea, a majority of them displayed potent fungicidal activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 1196-90-3Synthetic Route of C7H8BrNO2).

Methyl 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 1196-90-3) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. The reactivity of organobromine compounds resembles but is intermediate between the reactivity of organochlorine and organoiodine compounds. For many applications, organobromides represent a compromise of reactivity and cost.Synthetic Route of C7H8BrNO2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Kinetic studies of mammalian and microbial cholesterol esterases in homogeneous aqueous solutions was written by Lynn, K. R.;Chuaqui, C. A.;Clevette-Radford, N. A.. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 1982.Application of 35065-86-2 This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of 1 microbial and 2 mammalian (bovine and porcine pancreatic) cholesterol esterase have been examined using a variety of aryl acetates in homogeneous solution The mammalian enzymes behaved identically but differed somewhat from that of microbial origin. Electronic and hydrophobic substrate characteristics had no effect on enzyme activity. Taurocholic acid was without effect on the microbial enzyme; at low concentrations it inhibited the mammalian enzyme, but when present in millimolar amounts notable increases in rate were discerned, attributable to the detergent effect on the enzyme. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2Application of 35065-86-2).

3-Bromophenyl acetate (cas: 35065-86-2) belongs to organobromine compounds. Many of the organo bromine compounds are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.8 vs 2.5) and hence the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic in nature. Bromine-containing agents predominate because not only are they more efficient than similar chlorine-containing species, but also the high atomic weight of bromine ensures that it is present in a high mass fraction within most organobromine compounds.Application of 35065-86-2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Palladium-Catalyzed Directed meta-Selective C-H Allylation of Arenes: Unactivated Internal Olefins as Allyl Surrogates was written by Achar, Tapas Kumar;Zhang, Xinglong;Mondal, Rahul;Shanavas, M. S.;Maiti, Siddhartha;Maity, Sabyasachi;Pal, Nityananda;Paton, Robert S.;Maiti, Debabrata. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019.SDS of cas: 14425-64-0 This article mentions the following:

Palladium(II)-catalyzed meta-selective C-H allylation of arenes RC₆H₄(CH₂)_nXR¹ [R = H, 3-Me, 3-Br, 4-F, etc.; R¹ = 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenoxy, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy, 2-(8-nitroquinolin-3-yl)phenoxy, etc.; X = SO₂, C(O), Si(i-Pr)₂, CH₂; n = 1-4] including 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl (2S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate has been developed utilizing synthetically inert unactivated acyclic internal olefins R²CH₂CH=CHCH₂R³ [R² = Me, Et, n-Pr, pentyl, etc.; R³ = Me, COOMe, [[(1S,2R,5S)-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl]oxy]carbonyl, etc.] as allylic surrogates. The strong σ-donating and π-accepting ability of pyrimidine-based directing group facilitates the olefin insertion by overcoming inertness of the typical unactivated internal olefins. Exclusive allyl over styrenyl products, e.g., (E)-I selectivity as well as E stereoselectivity were achieved with broad substrate scope, wide functional-group tolerance, and good to excellent yields. Late-stage functionalizations of pharmaceuticals were demonstrated. Exptl. and computational studies shed light on the mechanism and point to key steric control in the palladacycle, thus determining product selectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0SDS of cas: 14425-64-0).

1-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (cas: 14425-64-0) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromo compounds are employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. They are also ideal candidates for the synthesis of Grignard reagents that have wide-applicability in organic synthesis. Many of the alkyl bromine derivatives are excellent alkylating agents since bromides are good leaving groups. Tribromides, like tetrabutylammonium tribromide, are used as a solid source of bromine. N-bromosuccimide (NBS) is used for the selective bromination of allylic bonds.SDS of cas: 14425-64-0

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary

Selective CO₂ Reduction to Ethylene Using Imidazolium-Functionalized Copper was written by Cheng, Banggui;Du, Jiehao;Yuan, Huiqing;Tao, Yuan;Chen, Ya;Lei, Jingxiang;Han, Zhiji. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2022.Computed Properties of C12H7BrN2 This article mentions the following:

Electrochem. CO₂ reduction is a promising approach to obtain sustainable chems. in energy conversion. Improving the selectivity of CO₂ reduction toward a particular C₂ product such as ethylene remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a series of imidazolium hexafluorophosphate compounds as surface modifiers for planar Cu foils to boost the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ethylene from 5 to 73%, which is among the highest reported using polycrystalline Cu. The modified electrodes are convenient to prepare The structure-function study demonstrates that varying the alkyl or aromatic substituents on the imidazolium nitrogen atoms has significant effects on the morphol. of the deposited films and the product selectivity of CO₂ reduction Exptl. FE_C≥2, FE_C2H4, ln(FE_C≥2/FE_CH4), and ln(FE_C2H4/FE_C2H5OH) values show generally linear relationships with FE_H2 while using different imidazolium modifiers, suggesting that factors governing proton reduction may also be directly related to both overall C_≥2 generation and ethylene selectivity. This work presents an effective and practical way in tailoring the active sites of metallic surface for selective CO₂ reduction In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-1,10-phenanthroline (cas: 22426-14-8Computed Properties of C12H7BrN2).

2-Bromo-1,10-phenanthroline (cas: 22426-14-8) belongs to organobromine compounds. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. When the molecular ion is detected, the bromine and chlorine isotope patterns are very distinct, but caution is to be exercised for certain mixed chlorinated/brominated compounds, which can look similar to homohalogen patterns.Computed Properties of C12H7BrN2

Referemce:
Bromide – Wikipedia,
bromide – Wiktionary