Tag: M.W=150-200

Ren, Rongguo published the artcileSynergistic Strategies of Cyano Migration and Photocatalysis for Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes: Synthesis of Di- and Mono-Fluorinated Alkyl Nitriles, Product Details of C4H6BrFO2, the publication is Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis (2017), 359(17), 3052-3056, database is CAplus.

A general protocol for the challenging cyanofluoroalkylation of unactivated alkenes is disclosed. A broad range of synthetically useful di- and mono-fluorinated alkyl nitriles are readily obtained in good yields under mild reaction conditions [e.g, cyanohydrin I + BrCF₂CO₂Et → nitrile II (90%) under blue LED irradiation in presence of fac-Ir(ppy)₃ in DMF]. The efficient combination of intramol. cyano migration and photoredox catalysis significantly expands the field of difunctionalization of olefins.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis published new progress about 401-55-8. 401-55-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Bromide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethylbromofluoroacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H6BrFO2, Product Details of C4H6BrFO2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Zhou, Shengxi published the artcileEnhancing the Performance of Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells via Fused-Ring Design, Name: 1-Bromooctane, the publication is ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2022), 14(5), 7093-7101, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) as the promising green energy technol. have drawn much attention in the last two decades. In comparison to polymer solar cells, small-mol. organic solar cells (SMOSCs) have the advantages of precise chem. structure and mol. weight, purification feasibility, batch reproducibility, etc. Despite of the recent advances in mol. design, the efficiencies of SMOSCs are still lagging behind those of polymer-based OSCs. In this work, a new small-mol. donor (SMD) with a fused-ring-connected bridge denoted F-MD has been designed and synthesized. When F-MD was applied into SMOSCs, the F-MD:N3 blends exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 13%, which is much higher than that of the linear π-bridged mol. L-MD based devices (8.12%). Further studies revealed that the fused-ring design promoted the planarity of the mol. conformation and facilitated charge transport in OSCs. More importantly, this strategy also lowered the crystallinity and self-aggregation of the films, and hence optimized the microstructure and phase separation in the corresponding blends. Thereby, the F-MD-based blends have been evidenced to have better exciton dissociation and reduced charge recombination in comparison with the L-MD counterparts, explaining the enhanced PCEs. Our work demonstrates that the fused-ring π-bridge strategy in small-mol.-donor design is an effective pathway to promote the efficiency of SMOSCs as well as enhance the diversity of SMD materials.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about 111-83-1. 111-83-1 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Bromide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is 1-Bromooctane, and the molecular formula is C18H22O4, Name: 1-Bromooctane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Tian, Ping-ping published the artcileNucleophilic fluoroalkylation of terminal vinyl triflones with SO₂CF₃ as a removable activating group, Recommanded Product: Ethylbromofluoroacetate, the publication is Tetrahedron Letters (2019), 60(15), 1015-1018, database is CAplus.

Terminal vinyl triflones served as excellent Michael addition acceptors which readily reacted with difluoromethylene phosphabetaine and di- or mono-fluoroalkyl bromides to afford compounds containing CF₂ or CF groups. This fluoroalkylation was characterized by mild reaction conditions, ready availability of reagents and excellent functional-group tolerance.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about 401-55-8. 401-55-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Bromide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethylbromofluoroacetate, and the molecular formula is C14H14, Recommanded Product: Ethylbromofluoroacetate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Zhao, Tian-Yuan published the artcileNickel-Catalyzed Desymmetric Reductive Cyclization/Coupling of 1,6-Dienes: An Enantioselective Approach to Chiral Tertiary Alcohol, Synthetic Route of 111-83-1, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2022), 61(11), e202115702, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Authors have developed a nickel-catalyzed desym. reductive cyclization/coupling of 1,6-dienes. The reaction provides an efficient method for constructing a chiral tertiary alc. and a quaternary stereocenter by a single operation. The method has excellent diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity, a broad substrate scope, as well as good tolerance of functional groups. Preliminary mechanism studies show that alkyl nickel(I) species are involved in the reaction.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 111-83-1. 111-83-1 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Bromide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is 1-Bromooctane, and the molecular formula is C24H20Ge, Synthetic Route of 111-83-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Sap, Jeroen B. I. published the artcileSynthesis of ¹⁸F-difluoromethylarenes using arylboronic acids, ethyl bromofluoroacetate and [¹⁸F]fluoride, Application In Synthesis of 401-55-8, the publication is Chemical Science (2019), 10(11), 3237-3241, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Herein, the radiosynthesis of ¹⁸F-difluoromethylarenes RCHF¹⁸F (R = 4-C₂H₅, 4-OC₆H₅, 3,5-CH₃, etc.) via the assembly of three components, a boron reagent, Et bromofluoroacetate, and cyclotron-produced non-carrier added [¹⁸F]fluoride was reported. The two key steps are a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction, and a Mn-mediated ¹⁸F-fluorodecarboxylation.

Chemical Science published new progress about 401-55-8. 401-55-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Bromide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethylbromofluoroacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H6BrFO2, Application In Synthesis of 401-55-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Gerken, Philip A. published the artcileDiscovery of a Highly Selective Cell-Active Inhibitor of the Histone Lysine Demethylases KDM2/7, Application In Synthesis of 81216-14-0, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2017), 56(49), 15555-15559, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are of critical importance in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, yet there are few selective, cell-permeable inhibitors or suitable tool compounds for these enzymes. The authors describe the discovery of a new class of inhibitor that is highly potent towards the histone lysine demethylases KDM2A/7A. A modular synthetic approach was used to explore the chem. space and accelerate the investigation of key structure-activity relationships, leading to the development of a small mol. with around 75-fold selectivity towards KDM2A/7A vs. other KDMs, as well as cellular activity at low micromolar concentrations

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 81216-14-0. 81216-14-0 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Linker,PROTAC Linker, name is 7-Bromohept-1-yne, and the molecular formula is C7H11Br, Application In Synthesis of 81216-14-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Huang, David S. published the artcileSynthesis and evaluation of C2 functionalized analogs of the α-tubulin-binding natural product pironetin, HPLC of Formula: 401-55-8, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2018), 28(16), 2789-2793, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Pironetin is an α-tubulin-binding natural product with potent antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines that inhibits cell division by forming a covalent adduct with α-tubulin via a Michael addition into the natural product’s α,β-unsaturated lactone. We designed and prepared analogs carrying electron-withdrawing groups at the α-position (C2) of the α,β-unsaturated lactone with the goal to generate potent and selective binding analogs. We prepared derivatives I (R = F, Me, Cl, Br, Ph) containing halogens, a Ph, and a Me group at the C2 position to evaluate the structure-activity relationship at this position. Testing of the analogs in ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrated 100-1000-fold decreased antiproliferative activity.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 401-55-8. 401-55-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Bromide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethylbromofluoroacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H6BrFO2, HPLC of Formula: 401-55-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Newman, Melvin S. published the artcileThe preparation of the six n-octynoic acids, Recommanded Product: 7-Bromohept-1-yne, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1949), 1292-7, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A study was desired of the reactivity of the acetylenic bond at varying distances from the CO₂H group, also of various methods of synthesis and of the odors of the Me esters. Cl(CH₂)₄Br (I), prepared in 62% yield by passing HCl gas into AlCl₃ 1, H₂O 3, and THF 720 g. above 105°, adding the mixture at room temperature to 2 kg. PBr₃ with ice cooling, heating 1 h. on the steam bath, and separating the upper layer, b₃₀ 80-2°. Distillation of 329 g. Cl(CH₂)₅OAc, 320g. MeOH, and 5 g. p-MeC₆H₄SO₃H gave 180 g. MeOH-MeOAc azeotrope, b. 54°, and then concentration in vacuo at room temperature and addition of 271 g. PBr₃, etc., gave 325 g. (88%) Cl(CH₂)₅Br (II), b₂₀ 92-3°, n_D²⁵ 1.4815. Preparation of acetylenic alcs.: 1-Hexyne 1 in dry Et₂O was added slowly to 1.1 mol EtMgBr in Et₂O, and after 6 h. refluxing under N, 1 equivalent CH₂O was added (from a N stream over dry paraformaldehyde at 180°) under reflux to give 82% 2-heptyn-1-ol (III), b₅₆ 113-16°. Similarly 2-hexyn-1-ol (IV), in 71% yield from 1-pentyne, b₅₈ 87-9°; 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, in high yield, m. 64-5°. 3-Hexyn-1-ol, 48% from 1-butynylsodium and ethylene oxide in liquid NH₃, b. 161°; dinitrobenzoate, m. 72-3°. 3-Heptyn-1-ol (V) was similarly prepared in 45% yield, and 3-octyn-1-ol (VI), 37% yield, b₂₅ 105-6°. 4-, 5-, and 6-Heptyn-1-ol were prepared from the chloroalkynes via the iodides to the acetates with KOAc in boiling absolute EtOH, hydrolysis, conversion of the alcs. to benzoates, distillation, and saponification (see table). Preparation of 1-chloroacetylenes: addition of 5 mol of I to 5 mol Na₂C₂ in 3 l. liquid NH₃ during 4 h., 7 h. refluxing, evaporation of most of the NH₃ during 8 h., slow addition of 2 l. H₂O, Et₂O extraction, and distillation gave 74% 1-chloro-5-hexyne (VII), b. 143-4°. Similarly 1-chloro-6-heptyne (VIII) was prepared in 70% yield from Na₂C₂ and II, 73% 1-chloro-5-heptyne (IX) from NaCCMe and I, and 1-chloro-4-heptyne (X) in 30% yield (addition of NaCCEt to Cl (CH₂)₃Br gave no better yield). This type of reaction did not work with Cl(CH₂)₂Br. As IX and X were impure, another method was tried. NaNH₂ (78 g.) was stirred 30 min. with 205 g. 1-chloro-4-pentyne in 2 l. liquid NH₃, and then 218 g. EtBr added during 3 h.; distillation gave 17% (45 g.) crude X containing traces of a terminal alkyne, possibly VIII. Addition of HgI₂ reagent (Johnson and McEwen, C.A. 20, 1054), filtration from a white product m. 66-7°, precipitation of the excess reagent with 1-hexyne, and distillation gave pure X. Similarly 1-chloro-5-hexyne and NaNH₂, then MeBr, gave 38% crude IX, converted to 19% pure IX and a Hg derivative m. 76-7°. 1-Chloro-3-heptyne, prepared in 38% yield by the method of Johnson (C.A. 32, 7425.9) or in 72% yield from SOCl₂, C₅H₅N, and V by the procedure below, b₃₀ 71-5°, b₇₀ 90-3°. Addition of III (112 g.) and 78 g. C₅H₅N in dry Et₂O added to 131 g. SOCl₂ in Et₂O at reflux rate, evaporation of the Et₂O to a residue temperature of 80°, addition of 13 g. SOCl₂, 1 h. refluxing, and washing with Na₂CO₃ solution gave 77% 1-chloro-2-heptyne (XI), b₂₄ 73°. Preparation of 1-bromoacetylenes: III (310 g.) and 5 g. C₅H₅N in Et₂O added to 271 g. PBr₃ at reflux rate, the mixture heated 2 h., the upper cooled layer poured onto ice, and the Et₂O extract washed with aqueous Na₂CO₃ and distilled gave 72% 1-bromo-2-heptyne (XII), b₅₆ 104-5°, and 7% of presumably 1,3-dibromo-2-heptene, b₂₅ 112°, b₂ 70°, n_D²⁵ 1.5172. No XII was obtained when 1 equivalent C₅H₅N was used. Similarly IV gave 63% 1-bromo-2-hexyne (XIII), b₈₀ 97-8°, n_D²⁵ 1.4884, and also 12% HBr addn, product, probably 1,3-dibromo-2-hexene, b₂₅ 100°, b₂ 62°, n_D²⁵ 1.5235. The yield of crude 1-bromo-3-heptyne from V was only 41%. Both Br compounds XII and XIII gave immediate precipitates with alc. AgNO₃ whereas the Cl compound XI reacted only slowly or on warming. Addition of 3.2 mol Na₂C₂ in 1.5 l. liquid NH₃ during 1 h. to 1050 g. Br(CH₂)₅Br, 500 cc. Et₂O, and 1000 cc. NH₃, then 2 h. stirring, etc., gave 27% 1-bromo-6-heptyne (XIV), b₂₀ 92°, n_D²⁵ 1.4750. Because of difficulties in the conversion of XII to the nitrile, N. and W. considered the addition of Br to the triple bond and its later removal; they did add 80 g. Br to 56 g. III in CCl₄ at 0° to obtain 81% 2,3-dibromo-2-hepten-1-ol (XV), b₄ 113-15°; 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, m. 84-5°. XV was then converted to 87% 1,2,3-tribromo-2-heptene, b₄ 112-14°, b₂ 96°, n_D²⁵ 1.5540. Similarly VI gave 3,4-dibromo-3-octen-1-ol, b₂ 111-13°; 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, m. 85-6°. Crude VII and excess NaI in boiling Me₂CO for 20 h. gave 82% 1-iodo-5-hexyne, b₃₅ 94-5°, n_D²⁵ 1.5286. Preparation of acetylenic nitriles: XIV (120 g.), 65 g. KCN, 120 cc. H₂O, and 300 cc. Me₂CO were refluxed 48 h., 250 cc. mixed solvent distilled, etc., to give 74% 1-cyano-6-heptyne, b₆ 90-2°. Similarly 1-cyano-5-heptyne, b₅ 88-95°, was prepared in 75% yield from the 1-chloro via the 1-iodo derivative, and 1-chloro-4-heptyne was directly converted to 82% 1-cyano-4-heptyne, b₂₉ 110-12°. XII (70 g.), 45 g. Cu₂(CN)₂ (carefully dried), and 40 cc. xylene were heated to 157°, then the bath temperature lowered to 145°, and the exothermic reaction allowed to proceed 30 min. below 165°; C₆H₆ extraction of the cooled mixture and distillation gave 92% 1-cyano-2-heptyne (XVI), b₅₆ 123-6°. Other yields were 0-90%, careful temperature control being very important. XII or XI and aqueous KCN would not give XVI. 1-Cyano-3-heptyne (XVII) was prepared in 50% yield from the acid via the amide and dehydration of the latter with P₂O₅. Acetylenic acids: Except for XVII, the nitriles were hydrolyzed in boiling aqueous alc. 10% KOH until NH₃ evolution ceased. Data are given in the table, 5-, 6-, and 7-octynoic acids being prepared in 90% yields. 3-Octynoic acid, prepared in 74% yield by addition of HCl gas to 140 g. XVI in 250 cc. MeOH and 25 cc. H₂O until the mixture refluxed, then the temperature allowed to drop to 30°, concentration of the filtrate, and saponification of the crude ester with alc. alkali, b₆ 120-30°. XVI (6 g.) and 20 cc. concentrated HCl, 4 days at room temperature gave 3 g. product, crystallized from ligroin (b. 30-60°), presumably 4-chloro-3-octenamide, m. 54-5°, whereas XVI and concentrated HCl at 80° 12 h. gave the acid (46%), b₃ 125-6°. XVI (6 g.), 5 g. H₂SO₄, and 2 g. H₂O were heated 2 days at 60°, 10 cc. 6 N H₂SO₄ added with 1 day heating, the organic material isolated and heated with aqueous KOH to give a solution, and the acid product distilled and crystallized from ligroin to give 4 g. 4-ketoöctanoic acid, m. 53-4°. XVI was brominated as XV above to 50% 1-cyano-2,3-dibromo-2-heptene, b₄ 118°. Hydrolysis of 14 g. with 20 cc. concentrated H₂SO₄ 15 min. at 80°, then 3 h. at room temperature, gave only 47% 3,4-dibromo-3-octenamide. m. 130-1°. 4- (XVIII) and 5-Octynoic acids were prepared by decarboxylation of the corresponding malonic esters. Thus, 280 g. XIII added to 41.5 g. Na and 320 g. Et malonate in 1.5 l. EtOH, then 8 h. refluxing, etc., gave 57% Et 2-hexynylmalonate (XIX), b₅ 134-5°, and 13% Et di(2-hexynyl)malonate, b₅ 168-70°, n_D²⁵ 1.4600, and saponification gave the resp. acids, m. 109-10° and 138-9° (decomposition). New Acetylenic Compounds; ROH, DNB*, RCOOH, RCONH₂, RCl, RBr, RCN, Me ester; B.p., M.p., b₂, M.p., M.p., b₇₆₀, B.p., B.p.; R, °C., mm., n_D²⁵, °C., °C., °C., n_D²⁵, °C., °C., n_D²⁵, °C., mm., n_D²⁵, °C., mm., n_D²⁵, b₂, n_D²⁵; HCC(CH₂)₅, 98, 20, 1.4534, 46, 123, 20, 1.4502, 86, 166, 1.4507, 92, 20, 1.4750, 80, 3, 1.4460, 64, 1.4380; MeCC(CH₂)₄, 96, 15, 1.4590, 53, 116, 37, …, 113, 175, 1.4599, …, .., …, 79, 2, 1.4530, 68, 1.4433; EtCC(CH₂)₃, 91, 15, 1.4593, 52, 111, 8, 1.4540, 105, 164, 1.4540, …, .., …, 111, 29, 1.4514, 64, 1.4421; PrCC(CH₂)₂, 111, 70, 1.4530, 61, 121, 49, …, 118, 162, 1.4520, 100, 65, 1.4785, 71, 3, 1.4492, 63, 1.4414; BuCCCH₂, 98, 28, 1.4523, 62, 110, 18, 1.4577, 52, 167, 1.4570, 84, 20, 1.4878, 124, 56, 1.4475, 64, 1.4448; AmCC, …, .., …, .., 114, 5, 1.4588, 91, …, …, 69, 25, 1.4678, 86, 17, 1.4551, 70, 1.4442; * Dinitrobenzoate ester of ROH. Heating XIX at 150-70° until CO₂ evolution ceased gave 93% XVIII. In 1 preparation of XIX, a small amount of Et di(2-hexynyl)acetate, b₃ 135-7°, was isolated, and converted to the amide, m. 63-4°. Et 2-heptynylmalonate, prepared as XIX above in 66% yield, b₅ 146°, and the free acid, m. 93-4°. The Me esters were prepared in 90% yields by refluxing the acids with excess MeOH and small amounts of p-MeC₆H₄SO₃H 12 h. The odors of the Me octynoates were evaluated by men skilled in the art: 7-, very green but sharp, chem., fatty, unpleasant; 6-, reseda-like, fatty, weak, green seaweed; 5-, leafy, cucumberlike, something like talia, sweet, violet; 4-, cucumberlike but sharp, chem., somewhat fruity; 3-, something like fresh-cut grass, but crude and fatty. Ozonization in HOAc of the octynoic acids gave the following dibasic acids: 7-, 46% pimelic; 6-, 52% adipic; 5-, 71% glutaric; 4-, 67% succinic, and 3-, 80% malonic acid. Hydrogenation of 0.8-1.4 g. octynoic acid in 20 cc. pure EtOH with 0.2 g. Adams Pt catalyst (cf. Joshel, C.A. 37, 6162.4) 150-300 min. gave in each case n-octanoic acid, m. p. and mixed m. p. of amide 103-4°.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 81216-14-0. 81216-14-0 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Linker,PROTAC Linker, name is 7-Bromohept-1-yne, and the molecular formula is C7H11Br, Recommanded Product: 7-Bromohept-1-yne.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Chen, Ying published the artcileStructure-activity relationship studies of (E)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl alkyl sulfones as novel neuroprotective agents based on improved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and BBB permeability, Name: (2-Bromoethyl)cyclopentane, the publication is European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2019), 420-433, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

(E)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl alkyl sulfones I [n = 0, 1, 2; R = Et, Pr, Bu, etc.], as new analogs of neurodegenerative agents, were designed and synthesized. The biol. results demonstrated that most of the target compounds preserved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency in scavenging reactive free radicals, protecting neuronal cells against neurotoxins such as H₂O₂, 6-hydroxydopamine and inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced over-production of NO. Among these compounds, I [n = 2; R = cyclopentyl] exhibited prominent antioxidant activity at low concentration (2.5 μM) in H₂O₂ model (cell viability = 94.5%). In addition, I [n = 2; R = cyclopentyl] (IC₅₀ = 1.6 μM) displayed better anti-inflammatory activity than that of lead compound 1 (IC₅₀ = 13.4 μM). In view of the outstanding performance of I [n = 2; R = cyclopentyl], the apoptotic rates of H₂O₂-damaged PC12 cells were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. I [n = 2; R = cyclopentyl] showed higher potency in inhibition of apoptosis than 1 at low concentration (2.5 μM), consisting with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory models. Furthermore, with the predicted CNS (+) blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (Pe = 6.84 x 10^-6 cm s^-1), low cytotoxicity and favorable physiochem. properties based on calculation, compound I [n = 2; R = cyclopentyl] can be further developed as a potential multifunctional neuroprotective agent.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 18928-94-4. 18928-94-4 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Bromide,Aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon, name is (2-Bromoethyl)cyclopentane, and the molecular formula is C7H13Br, Name: (2-Bromoethyl)cyclopentane.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary

Sun, Xiaoyang published the artcileHalogen-bond-promoted radical isocyanide insertion of o-diisocyanoarenes with perfluoroalkyl bromides under visible light irradiation, HPLC of Formula: 401-55-8, the publication is Huaxue Xuebao (2017), 75(1), 115-118, database is CAplus.

A halogen-bond-promoted double radical isocyanide insertion of o-diisocyanoarenes with perfluoroalkyl bromides was reported, in which perfluoroalkyl bromides as halogen bond donors and organic bases as halogen bond acceptors. Fluoroalkyl radicals could be generated by a visible-light-induced single electron transfer (SET) process. Fluoroalkyl radicals were trapped by o-diisocyanoarenes to give 2-fluoroalkylated quinoxaline derivatives These reactions could be carried out under mild conditions with good chem. yields and broad substrate scope. A broad range of fluoroalkyl bromides with different functionalities could undergo this reaction to give the corresponding quinoxaline derivatives in good yields. A variety of o-diisocyanides could be fluoroalkylated to give quinoxalines under our established conditions. The radical nature of this reaction was confirmed by ESR (EPR) experiments using tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) as a spin trap. When PBN was introduced into the reaction mixture, a spectrum signal attributed to the spin adduct C₈F₁₇-PBN appeared as a triplet of doublets. Without light and amine, almost no signal was observed These phenomena strongly suggested that the perfluoroalkyl radical was the key intermediate and the generation of the intermediate heavily relied on the presence of light and amine. A series of deuteration experiments were performed and these results suggested that both the amine and solvent could serve as the hydrogen source and solvent was the major source.

Huaxue Xuebao published new progress about 401-55-8. 401-55-8 belongs to bromides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Bromide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethylbromofluoroacetate, and the molecular formula is C20H12N2O2, HPLC of Formula: 401-55-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide,
bromide – Wiktionary